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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh corporate social responsibility terhadap crash risk saham pada perusahaan-perusahaan di kawasan Asia Pasifik. Lebih lanjut, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk melihat ada tidaknya perbedaan antara crash risk yang dihadapi oleh perusahaan di negara berkembang dan di negara maju. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan data tahun 2009 – 2013 dan menggunakan model regresi panel Fixed Effect. Aktivitas corporate social responsibility diduga tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap crash risk. Namun demikian, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan antara crash risk yang dihadapi perusahaan di negara maju dan negara berkembang, dengan crash risk yang lebih tinggi dihadapi oleh perusahaan di negara maju.

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This study aims to analyze the effect of corporate social responsibility on stock price crash risk for companies operating in Asia Pacific Region. Furthermore, this study aims to observe whether there is a difference between crash risk which are faced by companies in developing countries and those in developed countries. The study is conducted using data from 2009 – 2013 and the model being used is panel fixed effect regression. The result indicates that corporate social responsibility does not affect crash risk. However, we find evidence that there is a difference between crash risk in developed and developing countries, in which higher crash risk is found in developed countries."

"Tesis ini bertujuan untuk mendeterminasi pengaruh yang ditimbulkan diversitas pada dewan direksi perusahaan energi dan pertambangan pada negara-negara berkembang di kawasan Asia Tenggara terhadap risiko penurunan harga saham (stock price crash risk) periode 2015-2019. Diversitas yang dimaksud meliputi diversitas latar belakang masing-masing dewan direksi dan diversitas kuantitas pada dewan direksi. Diversitas latar belakang meliputi riwayat pendidikan dan rata-rata pengalaman kerja yang dimiliki dewan direksi, sedangkan diversitas kuantitas memuat jenis kelamin dewan direksi, jumlah dewan direksi, jumlah dewan direksi independen, dan jumlah rapat direksi. Penelitian dengan menggunakan metode Ordinary Least Square (OLS) pada data panel ini menghasilkan temuan yang menegaskan bahwa diversitas pada dewan direksi secara simultan tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap risiko penurunan harga saham (stock price crash risk). Signifikansi risiko penurunan harga saham (stock price crash risk) dengan variabel bebas hanya ditemukan pada kualitas riwayat pendidikan dewan direksi dan rata-rata pengalaman kerja dewan direksi pada suatu perusahaan

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This thesis aims to determine the impact of board diversity on energy and mining

firms at emerging countries in South East Asia to each firm’s stock price crash risk

in 2015-2019. The diversity in this thesis includes the board’s background diversity

and the board’s quantity diversity. Board’s background diversity mainly refers to

education background and the tenure of the board while the board’s quantity

diversity refers to gender of the board, board size, independent board’s size, and the

amount of board meeting held each year. This research applied cross sectional data

panel of Ordinary Least Square (OLS) to obtain its final data. The result of this

research concludes that board diversity simultaneously does not influence the stock

price crash risk. The significance of the influence of the independent variable on

the dependent variable only viably found on the quality of board’s education

background and board’s average tenure of the firm."

"Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi dampak dari busy directors pada risiko crash harga saham jika individu memegang tiga atau lebih jabatan di dewan. Busy directors merujuk kepada Komisaris karena Indonesia mengadopsi two tier system. Sebagian besar literatur menunjukkan bahwa faktor utama risiko crash harga saham timbul karena adanya kecenderungan manajemen menahan berita buruk dari investor terkait kontrak kompensasi dan masalah karier. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memverifikasi apakah busy directors membantu membatasi perilaku oportunistik manajerial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rangkap jabatan tidak memiliki pengaruh pada risiko crash harga saham dikarenakan cross over interaction yang meniadakan pengaruh signifikan terhadap risiko crash harga saham. Sebagai negara yang identik dengan konsentrasi kepemilikan keluarga, hasil menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan keluarga akan memperkuat pengaruh negatif dari Komisaris yang melakukan rangkap jabatan dalam mengurangi risiko crash harga saham. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel perusahaan yang terdaftar di Indonesia di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama periode 2014-2019. Generalized method of moment (GMM estimator) digunakan sebagai metode penelitian untuk mengurangi masalah endogenitas.

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This research explores the impact of busy directors on the risk of stock price crashes if individuals hold three or more directorships. Busy directors refer to the Commissioners because based on two tier system, oversight function is performed by Commissioner. A large body of literature reports that a prominent factor of stock crash risk is the managerial tendency of withholding bad news from investors due to compensation contracts and career concerns. This study aims to verify whether busy directors help restrict these opportunistic managerial behaviors. The results show that the multiple directorship does not have an effect on the risk of stock price crash due to cross over interaction which negates the significant effect on of stock price crash risk. As a country with high family ownership concentration, the result shows that interaction between busy directors and family firms will strengthen the negative effects of Commissioners who hold dual positions in reducing stock price crash risk. This study uses a sample of listed companies in Indonesia on the Indonesia Stock Exchange's main board during the 2014-2019 period. Generalized method of moment (GMM estimator) is used as a research method to reduce endogeneity issues."

"Kemiringan bersyarat dari distribusi pengembalian saham, yang merupakan jenis risiko penurunan asimetris, disebut sebagai risiko jatuhnya harga saham. Prospek jatuhnya harga saham telah menarik minat investor dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, terutama sejak krisis keuangan global tahun 2008, ketika lebih banyak investor menjadi khawatir tentang kemungkinan jatuhnya harga saham. Di Indonesia, kehadiran hubungan politik dan perusahaan milik keluarga selalu menonjol dalam industri manufaktur, yang mengarahkan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis dampak hubungan politik dengan kepemilikan keluarga sebagai variabel moderating terhadap risiko jatuhnya harga saham perusahaan publik. perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di pasar Indonesia. Studi ini menggunakan data panel dengan data yang berasal dari lebih dari 43 perusahaan manufaktur publik selama rentang waktu 5 tahun dari 2016-2020, memungkinkan studi ini untuk menganalisis kemungkinan dampak COVID-19 juga. Menggunakan model unbalanced data panel dinamis dengan GMM sebagai metode regresi yang dipilih, penelitian ini menganalisis pertama, apakah koneksi politik memiliki hubungan positif dengan risiko jatuhnya harga saham dan kedua, apakah kepemilikan keluarga mengurangi hubungan positif antara koneksi politik dan saham risiko jatuhnya harga. Studi ini menemukan bahwa hubungan politik tidak signifikan terhadap risiko crash harga saham perusahaan manufaktur di Indonesia, dan kepemilikan keluarga juga tidak signifikan sebagai variabel moderasi dalam mengurangi hubungan positif antara koneksi politik dan risiko crash harga saham. Studi ini percaya bahwa hal itu terjadi karena prevalensi masalah agensi tipe 2 di Indonesia, daripada masalah agensi tipe 1, yang kepemilikan keluarga cenderung memiliki efek yang tidak signifikan.

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The conditional skewness of the stock's return distribution, which is a type of asymmetrical downside risk, is referred to as stock price crash risk. The prospect of a stock price crash has piqued investors' interest in recent years, particularly since the global financial crisis of 2008, when more investors became concerned about the possibility of a stock price crash. In Indonesia, the presence of political connections and family-owned firms is ever prominent within the manufacturing industry, which leads this study to analyze the impact which political connections with family ownership as a moderating variable may have towards the stock price crash risk of a publicly listed manufacturing firm within the Indonesian market. This study utilizes panel data with the data coming from over 43 publicly listed manufacturing firms throughout the span of 5 years from 2016-2020, allowing this study to analyze the possible impact of COVID-19 as well. Using an unbalanced dynamic panel data model with the GMM as its chosen method of regression, this study analyzes first, whether political connections have a positive relationship with stock price crash risk and second, whether family-ownership reduces the positive relationship between political connections and stock price crash risk. This study finds that political connections are insignificant to the stock price crash risk of manufacturing firms in Indonesia, and the familyownership is also insignificant as the moderating variable in reducing the positive relationship between political connections and stock price crash risk. This study believes such occurred due to the prevalence of type 2 agency issues in Indonesia, rather than type 1 agency issues, which familyownership tends to have an insignificant effect to."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh struktur modal terhadap harga saham pada perusahaan non keuangan yang tercatat pada Bursa Efek Indonesia periode tahun 2009-2013. Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa debt to equity ratio dan debt to asset ratio berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap harga saham. Penelitian ini mengambil objek penelitian yaitu perusahaan non keuangan yang tercatat pada Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2009 - 2013.

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This study aims to analyze the impact of capital structure on stock prices of non-financial companies listed on the stock exchanges in Indonesia period 2009-2013. The empirical findings shows that debt to equity ratio and debt to asset ratio performs a negative and significant impact on stock price. The objects taken in this research are non financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2009-2013."

"Stock Split is one of popular corporate action in capital market. Stock Split is the split of a company's existing stock into more shares. Each stockholder would receive an additional share for each share formerly held depend on the ratio of the split. The implication of the stock split is the pace of the stock becomes cheaper than before, this is something worth for the investors. Furthermore, the demand for the stock will be higher, and the price of the stock will up to certain level which means profitable for the investors. Liquidity is the most mainly listed companies's motivation within stock split, since liquidity is the central theme in the secondary market.This research will examines some problems within stock split are :1. Does stock split influences the stock price changes?2. Does composite stock price indices influences the stock price changes?3. Does earning per share influences the stock price changes?Regarding those problems mentioned above, the objective of this research are :1. Analyzing the influence of stock split to the stock price changes.2. Analyzing the influence of composite stock split indices to the stock price changes.3. Analyzing the influence of earning per share to the stock price changes.The period of the stock split study started from January 1 until December 31 on the year 2000. The samples which is used in the study are the stock listed in the Jakarta Stock Exchange minimum 7.5 months before the effective date of the stock split. The study period in this research from July 1 1999 until April 30, 2001. The study period started 7.5 months before the first listed company announce the stock split in the year 2000 and 4.5 months after the last listed company announce the stock split in the year 2000.The Signaling Hypothesis Theory is the foundation of the research, which indicate the stock split announcement intended to rise a positive signal to the investors. A good prospect of the company is something managements objective of the announcement of stock split. In this scheme, stock split will increase the value of the company.Based on the test and analysis of the statistical result, founded some conclusions which are :1. Stock split during the year 2000 has no positive response from investors. It indicates investors judge the stock split has no influence to company's growth profitability signal for the future.2. During study period, earning per share and earning per share changes significantly correlate to the changes of stock price. This result support the previous research such as Benston (1966), Ball & Brown (1988), and Beaver (1968), where earning per share (EPS) as an accounting profit measurement has a significant influence to the changes of stock price.3. Composite stock price indices (IHSG) variable has no significant influence to the relative stock price changes, nevertheless the changes of composite stock price indices's variable has a significant influence to the relative stock price changes.4. All of the independent variables those are earning per share, composite stock price indices, and stock split together have a significant influence to the relative stock price changes.Based on the conclusion above, researcher gives any suggestions or recommendations to the party related the stock split concern to the investment activity at Jakarta Stock Exchange, those are :1. Timing is a determinant factor for the successful of stock split. Successful timing will determined the liquidity of the stock after stock split. For certain level, bearish market will not support the liquidity of the stock after stock split. That's why maintaining the market psychology for the company is relevant.2. Since investing in the common stock related to the prospect of the company, management must consider and managing the fundamental of the company before making a planning of stock split. Prospective fundamental will support the effectiveness and successfull of the stock split.3. Regarding the decrease of the volume of stock trading, management must aware the the decreasing the value of the stock price, which means management must maintain the appropriate level due to the company's performance. Periodic evaluation of the stock price changes must be scheduled.4. During the study period, researcher find an anomaly due to Signaling Hypothesis Theory. For that reason, based on the theory of Efficient Capital Market, stock split should be implemented for the atmosphere of efficient market On that, stock price reflected the real market reaction under stock split.5. Stock split still remain a puzzling phenomenon to financial analyst and also researchers. That's why, next researchers which cover wider data and period including bullish and bearish market are highly importment to discover the phenomenon of stock split."

"Penelitian ini menyelidiki dampak kekuatan fundamental terhadap risiko crash harga saham di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) dari tahun 2019 hingga 2023. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, studi ini mengkaji bagaimana profitabilitas perusahaan, situasi finansial, dan efisiensi operasional mempengaruhi risiko crash harga saham. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa indikator fundamental yang lebih kuat, khususnya profitabilitas yang lebih tinggi, secara signifikan berkorelasi dengan risiko crash harga saham yang lebih rendah. Namun, indikator kekuatan fundamental seperti situasi keuangan (likuiditas, leverage, penerbitan common equity) dan efisiensi operasional (perubahan asset turnover ratio dan gross margin ratio) tidak secara signifikan mempengaruhi risiko crash harga saham. Studi ini memberikan kontribusi terhadap literatur dengan memberikan wawasan tentang pasar Indonesia, menyoroti pentingnya mempertahankan fundamental yang kuat, terutama profitabilitas, untuk mengurangi risiko crash harga saham. Hasil penelitian ini berguna bagi investor, manajer keuangan, dan pembuat kebijakan dalam upaya meningkatkan stabilitas pasar dan menginformasikan pengambilan keputusan strategis. Dengan memahami dinamika ini, para pemangku kepentingan dapat lebih baik menavigasi kompleksitas pasar saham dan mengurangi potensi risiko yang terkait dengan fluktuasi harga saham.

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This research investigates the impact of fundamental strength on stock price crash risk in the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2019 to 2023. Using a quantitative approach, the study examines how a company's profitability, financial situation, and operational efficiency affect the risk of a stock price crash. The findings indicate that stronger fundamental indicators, particularly higher profitability, are significantly correlated with lower stock price crash risk. However, fundamental strength indicators such as financial situation (liquidity, leverage, common equity issuance) and operational efficiency (changes in asset turnover ratio and gross margin ratio) do not significantly affect stock price crash risk. This study contributes to the literature by providing insights into the Indonesian market, highlighting the importance of maintaining strong fundamentals, especially profitability, to reduce the risk of stock price crashes. The results of this research are useful for investors, financial managers, and policymakers aiming to enhance market stability and inform strategic decision-making."

"Tesis ini menganalisa pengaruh perubahan regulasi fraksi harga saham dan jumlah lot saham terhadap pola return intraday, volatilitas return, dan volume transaksi saham di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Bipotesis awal diharapkan dengan adanya perubahan regulasi tersebut dapat meningkatkan volume transaksi dan menurunkan risiko volatilitas return saham di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan intraday yang dilakukan dengan interval waktu 15 menit terhadap seratus sampel data saham periode 1 Oktober 2013 - 28 Maret 2014, rata-rata volume transaksi meningkat dari 1.205.184 menjadi 1.269.715. Hasil uji statistik t-paired dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% menyimpulkan bahwa perubahan fraksi harga saham dan jumlah lot saham berpengaruh signifikan terhadap rata-rata volume transaksi di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Basil pengamatan pada periode yang sama menunjukkan penurunan volatilitas return dari 0.0005% menjadi 0.0004%. Namun hasil uji statistik t-paired dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% menyimpulkan bahwa perubahan fraksi harga saham dan jumlah lot saham tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap rata-rata volatilitas return di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Pola return intraday tidak mengalami perubahan dengan adanya regulasi fraksi harga saham dan jumlah lot saham yang baru, dimana rata-rata return intraday tertinggi pada akhir periode perdagangan di Bursa Efek Indonesia.

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This research analyzes the effect of regulatory changes and the fraction of the stock price of the stock and also lot size to patterns intraday returns, volatility return, and volume of stock transactions in Jakarta Stock Exchange. Expected with the initial hypothesis that regulatory changes could increase the volume of transactions and lowering the risk of stock return volatility in the Jakarta Stock Exchange. Based on observations made with the intraday 15-minute time interval of the one hundred shares data samples period October 1, 2013- 28 March 2014, the average transaction volume increased from 1,205,184 into 1,269,715.

Results of paired t-test statistic with 95% confidence level conclude that the change in the fraction of the stock price and stock lot size significantly influence the average transaction volume in the Jakarta Stock Exchange. Observations during the same period showed a decrease in return volatility from 0.0005% to 0.0004%. However, the results of paired t-test with a statistical confidence level of 95 % concluded that the change in the fraction of the stock price and stock lot size does not significantly influence the average return volatility in the Jakarta Stock Exchange. lntraday return pattern does not change with the regulations fractions stock price and lot size, where the highest average intraday return happened at the end of the trading period in Jakarta Stock Exchange"

"this study examines the relationship between financial information and the value of companies in the banking sector in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is twofold, to suggest a panel data analysis in overcome the shortcoming in cross-sectional or time series data in accounting researches as well as to contribute to the discussion of the impacts of financial indicators on stock prices...."

"The Overreaction Hypothesis suggests that extreme movements in stock prices are followed by price movements in the opposite direction as investors realize that they have overreacted, and the greater the initial price movements, the greater the subsequent reversal. One way in which the overreaction hypothesis has been studied is by analyzing the behavior of stock returns following large stock price declines. While there is a preponderance research finding evidence of reversal in short-term after large declines, many of them argued that overreaction effect may be attributed to illiquidity, ex. Bremer & Sweeney (1991) and Cox & Peterson (1994). This research examines short-term overreaction in the sample that consist of stocks listed on LQ 45, which is classified the most liquid market in Indonesia.

The stock returns of every firm listed in the LQ 45 covering the period 2001 to 2007 were compared to specific trigger value, consistent with the prior research, -10%. If on any single day the return was equal to or less than the trigger value, the return was define as an event. For each stock, daily return are then examined both previous and following the event date (t-5 up to t+20), and compared with the stock's expected return, that estimated by mean-adjusted returns model.

The objectives of this study is to investigate security return behavior in the three-day period and also subsequent to three-day period immediately following large declines to determine whether the reversal process persists. The second objective is to investigate whether industry classification plays a different role on the reversal process. The Results of the research tend to support the overreaction hypothesis.

The results from the analysis reveal that, three-day period following the day of the large price declines, the liquid stocks earn positive and statistically significant abnormal returns. These positive and statistically significant abnormal return indicate that much of initial change in the price of these stocks was short-term overreaction. Furthermore, in the longer-term the analysis find that, beginning four days after the drop, securities tend to enter prolonged of relatively poor performance. The results from the analysis of the reversal patterns across industries reveal that magnitude and trend of the observed reversal do not differ substantially among industries."