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"ABSTRAKKeberhasilan World Society for the Protection of Animals (WSPA) mengadvokasi Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare (UDAW) adalah kasus yang menarik karena belum pernah ada Masyarakat Sipil Transnasional yang berhasil mengadvokasi rezim lingkungan internasional untuk isu perlindungan hewan individual. Dengan studi pustaka, studi dokumen, dan wawancara sebagai metode pengumpulan data, serta Grounded Theory sebagai metode analisis data, penelitian kualitatif Analytic Eclecticism ini menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan WSPA dipengaruhi kekuatan diskursif yang terbangun atas basis interrelasi antara WSPA sebagai agen (modalitas material dan non material, strategi, dan taktik) dengan struktur. Adapun hasil penelitian ini mengisi kekosongan literatur Masyarakat Sipil Transnasional dan Politik Lingkungan Global dengan: 1) berangkat dari agen tanpa menafikan struktur, 2) menginkorporasikan Positivisme, Konstruktivisme, Interpretivisme, serta 3) mengeksplorasi kasus keberhasilan WSPA mengadvokasi UDAW yang jarang menjadi fokus pembahasan dalam berbagai literatur Hubungan Internasional.

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ABSTRAKWorld Society for the Protection of Animals (WSPA)’s success in advocating the Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare (UDAW) marks an interesting case study because no Transnational Civil Society has managed to advocate environmental regimes for the protection of individual animals. With literature review, document study, and interview as the method for data gathering, as well as Grounded Theory as method for data analysis, this qualitative Analytic Eclectic research concludes that WSPA’s success is influenced by a discursive power founded on the basis of an interplay between WSPA as an agent (material and non material modalities, strategies, and tactics) as well as structure. The result of this research also fills a literature gap on Transnational Civil Society and Global Environmental Politics by: 1) focusing on agent without denying structure, 2) incorporating insights from Positivism, Constructivism, and Interpretivism, and 3) exploring the dynamics of WSPA’s advocacy for UDAW. "

"Persebaran dan proses bersatunya warga negara asing ke dalam suatu negara lainnya atau yang bisa disebut puladengan istilah naturalisasi, bukan merupakan hal yang baru. Hal ini sebagaimana terjadi dalam ajang E-Sports,Overwatch League (OWL), yang merupakan salah satu kompetisi E-Sports yang cukup digemari belakangan ini olehmasyarakat luas. Namun, dalam ajang ini jumlah atlet Korea Selatan bisa dikatakan sangat dominan. Tentu hal inimenyebabkan adanya kekhawatiran bagaimana kelak mereka berinteraksi dengan pemain asing di tempat baru dandengan para penggemarnya. Dalam kenyataannya, secara tidak langsung ajang ini menjadi sarana persebaran budayaKorea terlebih karena jumlah atletnya sangat dominan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh atlet KoreaSelatan dalam ajang OWL khususnya unsur budaya yang dibawa oleh para atlet dalam komunitas OWL. Tulisan inimenggunakan metode analisis deskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa unsur transnasionalismeprofesional, seperti adanya ruang terbuka baru yang bersifat sementara, fluiditas yang peran baru yang sebelumnyatidak diatur oleh negara, dan rekonfigurasi aturan yang berlaku disertai dengan pengaturan ulang akan tipe otoritasyang ada, memiliki andil besar dalam perpindahan warga Korea Selatan ke Amerika Serikat dalam mengikuti ajangOWL ini.

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Naturalization is nothing new in the matter of migrations. The same thing also occured in the world of E-Sports,

Overwatch League (OWL), is one of the most be liked E-Sports event lately with a worldwide range of fans all over

the world. But there is something quite odd in this event where most of the competitors are dominantly came from

South Korea. This cause concern among the spectators because they are not sure if all these athletes will be able to

interact and adapt with their new surrounding. At the same time, due to high participacion of South Korean, OWL

also become a platform for them to spread South Korea culture. This research will try to analyze the cultural impact

of South Korean athletess dominance in OWL community. This research use descriptive analytic method. The results

of this research shows that the elements of profesional transnationalism such as transnational spaces are relatively

more transient, fluidity is closely related to the new and less fixed role played by nation-states in transnational spaces, and reconfiguration of authority sites has been accompanied by a reconfiguration of authority types, all those elements

shows that profesional transnationalism have a big role on South Korean citizens movement to United States of

America to join OWL."

"Hubungan Indonesia-Mesir merupakan hubungan sangat emosional, hal tersebut dikarenakan beberapa momentum yang terjadi dalam perjalanan sejarah hubungan Indonesia-Mesir sangat mengena. Hubungan yang sering disebut dengan istilah hubungan diplomasi total adalah hubungan transnasionalisme, yang mana melibatkan mahasiswa Indonesia di Mesir. Mahasiswa Indonesia di Mesir memiliki peran penting dalam perjalanan tiga momentum tersebut. Pertama, peran mahasiswa Indonesia di Mesir pasca Proklamasi 1945. Kedua, peran mahasiswa dalam mengatasi dampak krisis moneter 1997-1998. Ketiga, peran mahasiswa dalam evakuasi dan prospek hubungan Indonesia-Mesir pasca revolusi Mesir.Hubungan Indonesia-Mesir menjadi bukti faktual akan ketepatan salah satu teori hubungan internasional, yang mengatakan hubungan antar negara tidak hanya hubungan yang melibatkan negara sebagai aktor dan pelaku hubungan. Namun bahkan keterlibatan aktor individu jauh lebih penting dalam peningkatan hubungan internasional antar negara. Hubungan tersebut adalah hubungan transnasionalisme. Dan itulah yang terjadi dalam perjalanan hubungan Indonesia- Mesir, bahwa keterlibatan aktif dan pastisipasi total dari mahasiswa Indonesia di Mesir dengan masyarakat Mesir merupakan bukti pentingnya transnasionalisme dalam hubungan Internasional.

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Indonesia-Egypt relations are a emotional relations, fact because some moments that occurred in a history of Indonesia-Egypt relations. That relations commonly known as a total diplomatic relations or transnationalism, that there are roles of Indonesian students in Egypt. Indonesian students in Egypt has an importent roles in the three moments. Firstly, the role of Indonesia students in Egypt after Proclamation in 1945. Secondly, the role of Indonesia students in Egypt in addressing and minimizing the impact of economic crisis 1997-1998 in Indonesia. Thirdly, the role of Indonesia students in Egypt in the evacuation process during Egyptian revolution in 2011.Indonesia-Egypt relations is a factual evidence on the relevance and truth of one theory of international relations that said that relations between countries are not only relations between states, but also the relationship between individuals or groups of individuals is more important in the relationship between one country and another countries. That named by transnationalism relationship. And that is what happened in Indonesia-Egypt relations, that a active role and a total participation between Indonesian students in Egypt and Egyptians peoples. In this fact is a evidence of important of transnationalism in international relationship."

"This paper examines the relationship between transnationalism, cultural preservation, and transgenerational trauma in the United States (US) Indo population. The information being analysed was compiled by the author from two separate surveys which took place between 2012 and 2021. This data was initially intended to act as a census for the scattered US Indo community however the salient information necessitated that the census be ongoing and that another survey be developed to measure effects of lingering trauma which has been passed down generationally. The two surveys invited Indos from around the globe to participate in data collection, which led to the development of the first Indo population maps of the twenty-first century and hidden impacts of transgenerational trauma. The trauma of the Indo experience during and after World War II affected the first, second, and third generations both similarly and differently with expressions being exacerbated as the population dispersed globally."

"Diskursus mengenai peranan struktur dan agensi menjadi salah satu perdebatan utama dalam Hubungan Internasional. Dua hal yang menyulitkan penemuan konsensus dalam perdebatan peran agensi dan struktur adalah konseptualisasi agensi yang semakin cair dan dalam waktu yang sama, dikritiknya status ontologis negara yang sering dianggap tidak problematis. Menanggapi itu, skripsi ini memperlihatkan interaksi agensi-struktur yang kompleks antara individu-negara: bahwa individu dapat menjadi agensi yang independen melalui praktik mereka, namun praktik tersebut tidak terpisah dari okupasi struktur internasional dan domestik. Skripsi ini megambil fokus kepada praktik representasi seniman Heri Dono. Heri Dono merupakan salah satu seniman Indonesia yang aktif melakukan pameran dan merepresentasikan Indonesia di kancah internasional. Heri Dono dalam masa berkaryanya terkenal sebagai salah satu seniman yang kritis terhadap fenomena sosial politik dan terkenal di dunia Internasional. Heri memupuk agensinya sampai ia akhirnya diundang ke Venice Biennale, salah satu ajang kesenian paling prestisius di dunia, secara independen di tahun 2003. Namun Internasionalisasi Heri Dono juga di satu sisi merupakan implikasi dari dinamika dunia seni rupa Internasional dan kebijakan kebudayaan Indonesia yang ambivalen pada tahun 1990an. Pada tahun 2015, Indonesia dan Heri Dono melakukan kolaborasi dalam membentuk representasi Indonesia di Venice Biennale melalui paviliun nasional Indonesia. Dengan begitu, peneliti tertarik untuk menelusuri pemaknaan praktik representasi Heri Dono sebagai seniman Indonesia yang bergerak antara ruang domestik dan transnasional. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa walaupun agensi dapat bergerak secara independen namun aktualisasi agensi mereka tidak terlepas dari transformasi dan tuntutan dari struktur. Skripsi ini memakai konsep agensi Manusia dari Roland Bleiker yang melihat agensi manusia memiliki sifat taktis, temporal, dan diskursif. Metode yang dipakai dalam skripsi ini adalah etnografi historis dengan tujuan untuk melihat bagiamana wacana kesenian internasional dan lokal berkontribusi kepada praktik dan pemaknaan representasi seniman terhadap negaranya.

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Discourses on the role of structures and agency is one of the main debates in International Relations. Two things muddle the search for consensus in the debate regarding the role of agency and structure: the conceptualization of agency that are increasingly fluid and at the same time, the consideration of the problematic nature of state's ontological status. In this regard, this thesis aims to show a complex interaction between agency and structure in the case of individual-state relations: that individuals can become independent agencies through their practice, but the practice is not entirely separated from the inducement of international and domestic structures. This thesis takes a focus on the practice of the representation of artist Heri Dono. Heri Dono is one of the Indonesian artists who is active in exhibiting and representing Indonesia on the international art scene. Heri Dono in his tenure is well-known as one of the artists who is critical of the social-political phenomena and has established an international reputation. Dono fostered his agency until he was finally invited to participat in the Venice Biennale, one of the most prestigious arts events in the world, independently in 2003. But Heri Dono's internationalization on the one hand was an implication of the dynamics manifested by structural transformation of international art world and the ambivalence stance of Indonesian cultural policies in 1990s. In 2015, Indonesia and Heri Dono collaborated in shaping Indonesia's representation at the Venice Biennale through Indonesia's national pavilion. Thus, this reasearch developed an interest in exploring the meaning of the representational practice of Heri Dono as an Indonesian artist who moves inbetween domestic and transnational structure. This thesis then finds that although agencies can move independently but the actualization of their potentiality is inseparable from the transformation and demand of the structure. This thesis uses the concept of human agency by Roland Bleiker who sees human agency characterized by its tacticality, temporality, and discursivity. The method used in this thesis is historical ethnography, aimed to see how both structural discourses contested, overlapped, and serve voids to the practice and meaning of the artist's representation of his country."