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"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai pengaturan sewa guna-usaha dengan objek kapal di Indonesia serta dampak tidak diratifikasinya Konvensi Penahanan Kapal (Arrest of Ships) terhadap Lessor (Perusahaan Pembiahyaan Dalam Negeri) dan pengaruhnya terhadap perjanjian sewa guna-usaha. Penulis memperoleh kesimpulan bahwa dengan tidak diratifikasinya konvensi tersebut memiliki dampak yang cukup signifikan kepada Lessor serta berpengaruh terhadap kegiatan pembiayaan kapal melalui sewa guna-usaha di Indonesia. Ratifikasi atas Konvensi Penahanan Kapal merupakan suatu aspek legal dalam pembiayaan kapal melalui sewa guna-usaha, namun hingga saat ini ratifikasi atas konvensi tersebut masih belum terlaksana.

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This thesis discussed the regulation of the leasing of ship as well as the impact to the Lessor (National Finance Company) regarding to the Convention on the Arrest of Ships which has not been ratificated and the effect to the lease contract. Author concluded that ratification of the Convention on Arrest of Ships which has not been carried out since today have a significant impact to the Lessor as well as effects the transaction of ship financing through leasing in Indonesia. Ratification of the Convention on the Arrest of Ships plays as an important role as one the legal aspect in ship financing through leasing, but until today the ratification of the convention mentioned has not been carried out."

"Leasing merupakan sarana untuk membiayai perusahaan, yang dapat dilakukan oleh lembaga keuangan atau badan usaha lain yang bergerak di bidang leasing. Walaupun usaha leasing dapat dilakukan oleh lembaga keuangan, ia tidak dapat memberikan pinjaman (loan) kepada nasabahnya seperti layaknya bank melainkan hanya pembiayaan dengan cara penyediaan barang modal. Lembaga pembiayaan leasing di Indonesia dibentuk berdasarkan Surat Keputusan Bersama (SKB) Menteri Keuangan, Menteri Perindustrian dan Menteri Perdagangan Republik Indonesia Nomor: Kep.-122/MK/IV/2/1974, Nomor: 32/M/SK/2/1974, Nomor: 30/Kpb/I/1974 tertanggal 7 Januari 1974, tentang Perizinan Usaha Leasing. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian normatif. Kemudian selanjutnya disajikan dalam bentuk deskriptif kualitatif. Untuk menganalisis data dan menarik kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian, data yang diperoleh akan dianalisis dengan metode kualitatif dan selanjutnya akan disajikan dalam bentuk deskriptif.

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Leasing is a method to fund a company, which may be carried out by financial institution or other business entities in the field of leasing. Although leasing may be carried out by a financial institution, unlike a bank, it cannot provide a loan to its customers but it only provides funding by supplying capital goods. Leasing institutions in Indonesia are established by virtue of Collective Decree (SKB) of Minister of Finance Number: Kep.-122/MK/IV/2/1974, Minister of Industry Number: 32/M/SK/2/1974, Minister of Trade Number: 30/Kpb/I/1974 dated 7 January 1974, on the License of Leasing Business. This research employs a normative research method and is presented in a descriptive qualitative method."

"Dalam transaksi Sewa Guna Usaha secara Sales and Lease Back, pertamatama pelaku usaha menjual dahulu barang modal yang telah dimilikinya kepada perusahaan pembiayaan atau Lessor, dan kemudian setelah menjadi pemilik barang modal tersebut, Lessor dapat menyewakannya kembali kepada pelaku usaha yang bersangkutan. Sedangkan untuk pengalihan hak milik Kapal Laut harus dibuat dengan akta balik nama kapal dihadapan penjabat pencatat dan pendaftar balik nama kapal dimana kapal didaftarkan, diikuti dengan pendaftaran akta balik nama tersebut. Setelah hal itu dilakukan barulah Lessor menjadi pemilik yang sah atas Kapal Laut sehingga dapat menyewakannya kembali kepada si pelaku usaha. Untuk alasan efisiensi, pada perusahaan pembiayaan PT. Xxxx FINANCE hal ini tidak dilakukan. Namun untuk melindungi kepentingan PT. Xxxx FINANCE sebagai Lessor atas Kapal yang menjadi objek sewa guna tersebut, dibuat perjanjian pembebanan hipotik, dimana si pelaku usaha bertindak sebagai pemberi hipotik, dan perusahaan pembiayaan sebagai penerima hipotik. Atas dasar itu penulis bermaksud melakukan analisa kedudukan Lessor terhadap Kapal yang merupakan objek sewa guna tersebut apakah sebagai pemilik ataukah sebagai penerima jaminan? Adapun metode penelitan dalam penulisan tesis ini menggunakan penelitian yuridis normatif yaitu dengan menganalisa peraturan perundang-undangan yang terkait dengan pelaksanaan dan pembuatan perjanjian sewa guna usaha serta kepemilikan dan pembebanan hipotik kapal laut.

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For a Leasing Transaction in the form of Sales and Lease Back, at first a Lessee shall sell its owned capital goods to finance company or Lessor, and then after becoming the owner of the capital goods, Lessor can lease out back the capital goods to the Lessee. Nevertheless for transferring of ownership of a Vessel must be executed with a Name Conversion Deed (Akta Balik Nama) in front of the authorized registration officer where the vessel is registered, and followed by registration of the deed. Only after it is concluded the Lessor legally becomes the owner of the Vessel so that it can lease out the Vessel back to the Lessee. For efficient purpose it's not done in PT. Xxxx Finance. To protect the interest of PT. Tifa Finance as Lessor, instead of making a Name Conversion Deed, they make a Hypothec Deed, in which the customer acts as hypothec giver and Lessor as receiver. Based on those transactions the author wants to analyze the position of Lessor against the Vessel which is the lease object, as owner or guarantee receiver? This research uses normative juridical method by analyzing the law and regulation, the implementation and the execution of lease agreement, as well as the ownership and hypothec on Vessel."

"Perlakuan akuntansi sewa guna usaha bagi lessee mengalami perubahan yang cukup signifikan dibandingkan dengan peraturan terdahulunya yakni Pernyataan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan Nomor 30 yang berlaku efektif mulai 1 Januari 2012 berbasis IFRS kemudian berganti menjadi Pernyataan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan Nomor 73 berbasis IFRS yang berlaku efektif 1 Januari 2020. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implikasi pencatatan antara PSAK 30 dengan PSAK 73 dalam hal Sewa Guna Usaha bagi lessee dengan kriteria sewa operasi yang menjadi sewa pembiayaan yang memiliki kaitan dengan pengakuan aset sewa kendaraan pada laporan keuangan perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik analisis dalam pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif. Metode analisis data menggunakan metode studi lapangan dan studi literatur dari perusahaan. Perkembangan PSAK 73 yang menggantikan PSAK 30 tentang kegiatan Sewa Guna Usaha (SGU) atau leasing turut mempengaruhi aktivitas perusahaan yang menggunakan skema kegiatan tersebut. PT XYZ menggunakan kontrak sewa operasi dimana pada PSAK 73 mengenai pencatatan secara sewa operasi dapat disesuaikan dengan pencatatan secara sewa pembiayaan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah berupa peninjauan dalam menggunakan skema Sewa Guna Usaha menggunakan PSAK 30 dengan simulasi pencatatan menurut PSAK 73 dalam laporan keuangan perusahaan. Kemudian dikaitkan dengan peraturan perpajakan sehingga akan terlihat bagaimana PT XYZ dalam penerapan perhitungan sewa guna usaha akan memberikan petunjuk di masa depan dalam hal aspek pencatatan dan pengakuan aset tetap perusahaan. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah data sekunder dari perusahaan. Dalam penelitian ini teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara yang dilakukan secara langsung kepada pihak yang sudah ahli dan berkompeten dalam penerapan sewa guna usaha.

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The accounting of leasing treatment for lessees has undergone a significant change compared to the previous regulation, namely Financial Accounting Standard Statement Number 30 which was effective from January 1, 2012 based on IFRS and then changed to IFRS-based Financial Accounting Standard Statement Number 73 which became effective January 1, 2020. This study aims to analyze the implications of recording between PSAK 30 and PSAK 73 in terms of business leases for lessees with the criteria of operating leases that become finance leases related to the recognition of vehicle leased assets in the company's financial statements. This research uses a qualitative approach. The analysis technique in data collection used is descriptive method. Methods of data analysis using field study methods and literature studies from the company. The development of PSAK 73 which replaced PSAK 30 regarding leasing (SGU) or leasing activities also influenced the activities of companies that used these activity schemes. PT XYZ uses an operating lease contract where in PSAK 73, the recording under an operating lease can be adjusted with the recording under a finance lease. The results of this study are in the form of a review in using the lease scheme using PSAK 30 with a simulation of recording according to PSAK 73 in the company's financial statements. Then it is linked to taxation regulations so that it will be seen how PT XYZ in applying the lease calculation will provide instructions in the future in terms of the recording and recognition aspects of the company's fixed assets. The data source of this research is secondary data from the company. In this study, the data collection technique used was direct interviews with those who were experts and competent in the application of leasing."

"Pembiayaan konsumen merupakan salah satu dari jenis-jenis pembiayaan yang diatur didalam Permenkeu No.84/PMK.012/2006 tentang pembiayaan, dimana kegiatan pembiayaan dilakukan dalam bentuk penyediaan dana untuk pembelian barang kebutuhan konsumen dengan pembayaran secara angsuran. Tujuan dari penulisan ini untuk mengetahui pengaturan perjanjian pembiayaan konsumen didalam KUHPerdata dan Permenkeu No.84/PMK.012/2006 dengan memakai contoh perjanjian pembiayaan konsumen pada PT HD Finance dan untuk mengetahui perbedaannya dengan pembiayaan lainnya yaitu kegiatan sewa guna usaha (leasing).

Penulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan, dan dilihat dari sifatnya, maka penulisan ini bersifat deskriptif. Dari penulisan ini dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa KUHPerdata tidak mengatur mengenai pembiayaan konsumen, akan tetapi berdasarkan pasal 1319 KUHPerdata maka peraturan-peraturan umum didalam Bab I sampai dengan Bab IV KUHPerdata berlaku terhadap perjanjian pembiayaan konsumen, seperti pasal 1320 dan pasal 1338 KUHPerdata, dan Permenkeu No.84/PMK.012/2006 hanya mengatur ketentuan-ketentuan yang bersifat umum saja. Perbedaan paling mendasar antara pembiayaan konsumen dan leasing terletak pada hak milik atas objek barang, hak opsi yang dimiliki oleh financial lease, dan penentuan nilai sisa atau residu objek barang yang ditentukan oleh para pihak dalam financial lease.

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Funding of the consumer was one of the funding kinds that were arranged in Permenkeu No.84/PMK.012/2006 about funding, where the funding activity was carried out in the form of the provisions of the fund for the purchase of the requirement thing for the consumer by payment in a manner the installment. The aim of this writing to know the regulation of the consumer of the funding agreement inside KUHPerdata and Permenkeu No.84/PMK.012/2006 by using the example of the funding agreement of the consumer to PT HD Finance and to know his difference by other funding that is the leasing activity of efforts (leasing).

This writing used the method of the bibliography research, and was seen from his characteristics, then this writing was descriptive. From this writing could be taken by the conclusion that KUHPerdata did not arrange about funding of the consumer, but was based on the article 1319 KUHPerdata then the public's regulations in the I Chapter to the Chapter of IV KUHPerdata were valid towards the funding agreement of the consumer, like the article 1320 and the article 1338 KUHPerdata, and Permenkeu No.84/PMK.012/2006 only arranged the provisions that were general then. The difference was most basic between funding of the consumer and leasing was located in proprietary rights on the object of the thing, the option right that was owned by financial lease, and the determitationof the residual value or the object residue of the thing that was determined by the sides in financial lease."

"[ABSTRAKKegiatan Leasing pesawat terbang merupakan salah satu kepentinganinternasional. Hampir semua maskapai penerbangan di Indonesia menggunakanleasing dalam pembiayaan pesawat terbang. Di Indonesia pengaturan mengenaileasing pesawat terbang kurang memadai. Dengan adanya Model Law on Leasing,UNIDROIT Convention on International Financial Leasing dan Cape TownConvention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment diharapkan dapatmempermudah para pihak untuk melakukan kegiatan leasing pesawat terbang.Dalam penelitian ini, akan membahas mengenai perbandingan peraturan leasingpesawat terbang di Indonesia dengan Konvensi Model Law on Leasing,UNIDROIT Convention on International Financial dan Cape Town Conventionon International Interests in Mobile Equipment sehingga metode penelitian yangdigunakan ialah perbandingan dan peraturan perundang-undangan serta jenispenelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian yuridis normatif.ABSTRACTAircraft leasing is one of the international interests. Almost all of Indonesianairline use leasing of aircraft financing. Indonesia doesn?t have any satisfyregulation about aircraft leasing. Model Law on Leasing, UNIDROIT Conventionon International Financial Leasing and Cape Town Convention on InternationalInterests in Mobile Equipment are expected to facilitate the parties to engage inaircraft leasing. This thesis will discuss about Comparative Law of AircraftLeasing Based on Indonesian Law with Model Law on Leasing, UNIDROITConvention on International Financial Leasing and Cape Town Convention onInternational Interests in Mobile Equipment. The methods in this research arecomparative approach and statute approach and the type of this research isnormative juridical method.;Aircraft leasing is one of the international interests. Almost all of Indonesianairline use leasing of aircraft financing. Indonesia doesn?t have any satisfyregulation about aircraft leasing. Model Law on Leasing, UNIDROIT Conventionon International Financial Leasing and Cape Town Convention on InternationalInterests in Mobile Equipment are expected to facilitate the parties to engage inaircraft leasing. This thesis will discuss about Comparative Law of AircraftLeasing Based on Indonesian Law with Model Law on Leasing, UNIDROITConvention on International Financial Leasing and Cape Town Convention onInternational Interests in Mobile Equipment. The methods in this research arecomparative approach and statute approach and the type of this research isnormative juridical method., Aircraft leasing is one of the international interests. Almost all of Indonesianairline use leasing of aircraft financing. Indonesia doesn’t have any satisfyregulation about aircraft leasing. Model Law on Leasing, UNIDROIT Conventionon International Financial Leasing and Cape Town Convention on InternationalInterests in Mobile Equipment are expected to facilitate the parties to engage inaircraft leasing. This thesis will discuss about Comparative Law of AircraftLeasing Based on Indonesian Law with Model Law on Leasing, UNIDROITConvention on International Financial Leasing and Cape Town Convention onInternational Interests in Mobile Equipment. The methods in this research arecomparative approach and statute approach and the type of this research isnormative juridical method.]"

"PT Pembiayaan XYZ menghadapi potensi kerugian operasional tapi belum memiliki pengukuran risiko operasional. Disamping itu ada kewajiban dari Holding Company dan juga dari regulator untuk kedepannya untuk menjalankan manajemen risiko. Penelitian ini mengukur risiko OpVaR dengan menggunakan metode Extreme Value Theory dan metode Loss Distribution Approach Aggregation. Dari kedua metode ini menghasilkan perhitungan yang valid, namun pengukuran risiko operasional yang lebih realistis adalah metode Loss Distribution Approach Aggregation Method.

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PT. XYZ did not have any adequate operational risk management. Holding Company and the regulators required PT. XYZ to implement risk management for the operational activities. The purpose of this research is to measure the OpVaR by using Extreme Value Theory and Loss Distribution Approach Aggregation Method. Both methods indicate the valid measurement but the result of Loss Distribution Approach Aggregation Method shows more significant."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan proses penjualan jasa piutang pembiayaan dimulai dari consumer acquisition, penerimaan dan penanganan aplikasi, pengambilan keputusan, pencairan dana, penagihan piutang, serta tindakan yang dilakukan terhadap piutang bermasalah. Kemudian bagaimana analisis internal control terhadap ancaman (threats) dan kegiatan pengendalian (controls) pada penjualan jasa pembiayaan pada PT. MF. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode wawancara untuk mendapatkan data primer yang dibutuhkan untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan aktivitas pengendalian internal yang ada pada perusahaan pembiayaan seperti PT. MF.

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ABSTRACT

This study aims to determine the services sales process starts from consumer financing receivables acquisition, receipt and handling of applications, decision-making, disbursement, collection of accounts receivable, as well as actions taken towards troubled receivables. Then how internal control analysis about the threats and controls of the sales activities of receivables financing services that exist on the PT. MF. Data collection methods used in this study were interviews to obtain primary data required to analyze and describe the internal control activities that exist in finance companies such as PT. MF."