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"Studi pengembangan studi tentang reservoar hidrokarbon merupakan suatu kajian untuk mengetahui karakteristik reservoar, yang nantinya dapat digunakan untuk beberapa hal, salah satunya untuk memperhitungkan cadangan hidrokarbon dari suatu area penghasil migas. Berdasar pada informasi yang didapat, baik data geologi setempat, data survey seismik, data sumur pemboran, dan beberapa parameter lainnya yang kemudian dapat menjadi satu kesatuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik dari suatu reservoar. Pada studi telah dilakukan pemodelan litofasies yang di konstrain dengan hasil inversi impedansi akustik pada lapangan "X" Cekungan Kutai. Hasil analisis sensitivitas menunjukan batupasir memiliki nilai impedansi akustik 4500-6500 (m/s)*(g/cc). Pemodelan litofasies dilakukan dengan memasukan hasil inversi impedansi akustik didapatkan hasil persebaran batupasir pada arah barat-timur dari area penelitian.

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Development study of hydrocarbon reservoar is study to understand the characteristic of reservoar, that will be used for several purposes. One of the aspects is to calculate the hydrocarbon reserve from oil and gas field. By Integrations among information from geological data, seismic survey, wellbore data and other parameter we can get the characteristic from reservoar.

Lithofacies modeling constrained by seismic inversion has been done on "X" field, Kutai Basin. Sensitivity analysis shows that sandstone has acoustic impedance value 4500-6500 (m/s)*(g/cc). Lithofacies modeling constrained by seismic inversion shows sandstone distribution to the west-east."

"Melalui metode inversi seismik yang digabungkan dengan simulasi geostatistik diperoleh suatu gambaran yang lebih rinci mengenai karakter reservoar pada lapangan "X", Cekungan Kutai dibandingkan dengan metode inversi seismik secara deterministik baik secara lataeral maupun vertikal. Proses inversi terlebih dahulu dilakukan kemudian dilanjutkan proses simulasi geostatistik untuk menghasilkan kemungkinan-kemungkinan terbaik model sebaran properti lapisan zona target disesuaikan dengan kondisi geologi lapangan dan mendekati batasanbatasan data yang dimiliki. Analisa variogram terhadap sebaran data lateral maupun horizontal memerlukan pengerjaan khusus terkait isotropik dan anisotropik. Untuk pendekatan geostatistik inversi pada lapangan "X" Cekungan Kutai diperoleh sebaran data impedansi akustik dengan resolusi vertikal yang lebih baik dibandingkan hasil dari inversi biasa, walaupun secara statistik tidak nampak perbedaan. Simulasi probabilitas sebaran batu pasir terhadap hasil geostatistik inversi diperoleh sebagai hasil terbaik dari beberapa kemungkinankemungkinan yang ada.

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Seismic inversion methods was combined with geostatistical simulation to obtain a more detailed picture of the characteristic of the reservoir on the field "X", Kutai Basin compared with the seismic inversion methods deterministically both lateral and vertically. Inversion process first made and then continued with geostatistical simulation process to produce the best possibilities layer property distribution models tailored to the target zone of the geological conditions of the field and approached the limits of data held.

Variogram analysis of the lateral and horizontal distribution of the data requires special processing adjustment associated to isotropic and anisotropic. For geostatistical inversion approach on the field "X" Kutai Basin acoustic impedance data obtained distribution with better vertical resolution than the result of the usual inversion, although the difference was not statistically visible. Simulating the probability distribution of sandstone on the results of geostatistical inversion was obtained as the best result of several possibilities exist."

"Metode seismik merupakan suatu metode geofisika yang hingga saat ini merupakan metode dipercaya dapat memberikan gambaran bawah permukaan dari suatu lapangan. Seismik inversi adalah salah satu dari banyak metode yang digunakan untuk karakterisasi reservoar. Dengan menggunakan inversi seismik simultan mampu mendapatkan jawaban yang lebih pasti dengan cara menganalisa impedansi P, impedansi S dan densitas. Lapangan X, pada zona dangkal merupakan zona produksi yang cukup menjanjikan. Sehingga, pengembangan pada zona ini cukup gencar. Namun, beberapa kali prediksi reservoar meleset dikarenakan lapisan coal yang melimpah. Sebelum melakukan analisa inversi seismik simultan, perlu diketahui terlebih dahulu hubungan sifat fisik batuan (Zp, Zs, VpVs, lamda-rho dan mhu-rho) dengan properti batuannya (densitas dan porositas). Studi kelayakan dilakukan dengan cara melakukan cross plot parameter fisik batuan untuk dapat mendefinisikan litologi dan fluida yang ada. Selanjutnya well-seismic tie dilakukan untuk mendapatkan korelasi dan koherensi antara data dari log sumur dengan data seismik. Interpretasi horison, struktur dan pembuatan model frekuensi rendah dilakukan untuk memahami keadaan geologi dari daerah penelitian. Pada akhirnya, inversi seismik simultan dapat dilakukan dengan tepat. Hasil dari analisa inversi seismik simultan adalah kisaran nilai Zp, Zs dan Dn untuk mengkarakterisasi reservoar. Selain itu, analisa mengenai LMR (lamda-mhurho) juga dilakukan untuk mendapatkan hasil yang lebih baik. Sehingga, persebaran reservoar pada daerah penelitian dapat diketahui.

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Seismic is one of the methods in geophysics that until now still reliable for sub-surface imaging and interpretation of a field. Seismic inversion is one of the methods to characterize the reservoir. Using simultaneous seismic inversion, analyzing the P-impedance, S-impedance and density can be more convenient and certain.

X Field, especially in the shallow zone is a promising production zone. Hence, development in this zone is very incentive. Unfortunately, miss prediction sometimes happens due to coal layer that abundant. Relationship between rock physic (Zp, Zs, Vp/Vs, lamda-rho and mhu-rho) and rock property (density and porosity) must be understood prior to simultaneous seismic inversion analysis. Feasibility study was conducted by cross plotting among some parameters to define the lithology and fluids.

Well-seismic tie was conducted to have a good correlation and coherency between well-log data and seismic data. Horizon, structural interpretation and low frequency model were performed to have geological understanding of research area. The result of series steps previously then analyzed to have a good quality data. Eventually, the simultaneous seismic inversion can be performed in a proper way.

Result of the simultaneous seismic inversion analysis is a value of Zp, Zs and Dn for reservoir characterization. Moreover, LMR (lamda-mhu-rho) analysis can be performed to give more preferable result. Eventually, the distribution of gas-sand reservoir can be understood."

"[Inversi seismik deterministik telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan data PSTM di Lapangan Coki, Cekungan Kutai. Konsentrasi dari studi ini adalah zona Utama dengan kedalaman kurang lebih 3 km yang merupakan zona dengan akumulasi gas terbanyak. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi ekstensidari batupasir di Zona Utama dengan menggunakan metode klasifikasi lithoseismic berdasarkan input dari hasil inversi seismik deterministik mengingat kontribusi seismik untuk pengembangan zona Utama sangat kecil sebelumnya dikarenakanresolusi yang terbatas. Studi kelayakan fisika batuan menunjukkan bahwa untuk Zona Utama, kandungan fluida gas dan air sudah tidak bisa dipisahkan lagi di crossplot P-Impedance vsPoisson’s Ratio.Sedangkan untuk pemisahan litologi batupasir dan batulempung secara umum masih bisa dipisahkan terutama untuk batupasir dengan kualitas bagus. Dengan menggunakan cube P-Impedance dan Poisson’s Ratio hasil seismik inversi sebagai input, klasifikasi lithoseismic dilakukan untuk memisahkanbatupasir dan batulempung. Hasil akhir dari proses ini adalah sand probability cube. Sand probability cube ini selanjutnya diinterpretasi dan digunakan untuk memprediksi ekstensi dari sand di zona Utama. Hasil interpretasi menemukan beberapa target baru di daerah dimana tidak ada kontrol dari sumur dan amplitudoseismic tidak menunjukkan karakteristik khusus. Berdasarkan hasil interpretasi ini optimalisasi trayektori dan desain beberapa sumur dilakukan.

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Deterministic seismic inversions were performed using PSTM (Pre-stack time migration) data in the Coki field, Kutai Basin. The study concentrated on the Peciko Main Zone (~3 km burial depth) which is the main gas producing interval of the field.

The main objectives of this project were to identify and map sand and possibly to define new targets for future development wells. Until 2012, seismic data had little contribution to well planning for this interval since their resolutions are poor and the seismic images only show the thick packages of stacked reservoirs. A rock physics feasibility study on P-impedancevs. Poisson’s Ratio crossplot showed that water and gas sands overlap each other significantly, meanwhile sand are discriminated from shale in particular for good quality sand. Lithoseismic classification is done using inverted P-impedance and Poisson’s Ratio to discriminate sand from shale. The final result is sand probability cube. Sand probability cube is then interpreted and used to define possible extension of sand limit for Main Zone.The final interpretation discovered several new targets where there is no well control and the seismic amplitudes didn’t show any distinctive characteristics. Then well trajectories are optimized using defined sand extension in

order to better target the reservoir.;Deterministic seismic inversions were performed using PSTM (Pre-stack time

migration) data in the Coki field, Kutai Basin. The study concentrated on the Peciko

Main Zone (~3 km burial depth) which is the main gas producing interval of the field.

The main objectives of this project were to identify and map sand and possibly to

define new targets for future development wells. Until 2012, seismic data had little

contribution to well planning for this interval since their resolutions are poor and the

seismic images only show the thick packages of stacked reservoirs.

A rock physics feasibility study on P-impedancevs. Poisson’s Ratio crossplot showed

that water and gas sands overlap each other significantly, meanwhile sand are

discriminated from shale in particular for good quality sand. Lithoseismic

classification is done using inverted P-impedance and Poisson’s Ratio to discriminate

sand from shale. The final result is sand probability cube.

Sand probability cube is then interpreted and used to define possible extension of

sand limit for Main Zone.The final interpretation discovered several new targets

where there is no well control and the seismic amplitudes didn’t show any distinctive

characteristics. Then well trajectories are optimized using defined sand extension in

order to better target the reservoir.;Deterministic seismic inversions were performed using PSTM (Pre-stack time

migration) data in the Coki field, Kutai Basin. The study concentrated on the Peciko

Main Zone (~3 km burial depth) which is the main gas producing interval of the field.

The main objectives of this project were to identify and map sand and possibly to

define new targets for future development wells. Until 2012, seismic data had little

contribution to well planning for this interval since their resolutions are poor and the

seismic images only show the thick packages of stacked reservoirs.

A rock physics feasibility study on P-impedancevs. Poisson’s Ratio crossplot showed

that water and gas sands overlap each other significantly, meanwhile sand are

discriminated from shale in particular for good quality sand. Lithoseismic

classification is done using inverted P-impedance and Poisson’s Ratio to discriminate

sand from shale. The final result is sand probability cube.

Sand probability cube is then interpreted and used to define possible extension of

sand limit for Main Zone.The final interpretation discovered several new targets

where there is no well control and the seismic amplitudes didn’t show any distinctive

characteristics. Then well trajectories are optimized using defined sand extension in

order to better target the reservoir.;Deterministic seismic inversions were performed using PSTM (Pre-stack time

migration) data in the Coki field, Kutai Basin. The study concentrated on the Peciko

Main Zone (~3 km burial depth) which is the main gas producing interval of the field.

The main objectives of this project were to identify and map sand and possibly to

define new targets for future development wells. Until 2012, seismic data had little

contribution to well planning for this interval since their resolutions are poor and the

seismic images only show the thick packages of stacked reservoirs.

A rock physics feasibility study on P-impedancevs. Poisson’s Ratio crossplot showed

that water and gas sands overlap each other significantly, meanwhile sand are

discriminated from shale in particular for good quality sand. Lithoseismic

classification is done using inverted P-impedance and Poisson’s Ratio to discriminate

sand from shale. The final result is sand probability cube.

Sand probability cube is then interpreted and used to define possible extension of

sand limit for Main Zone.The final interpretation discovered several new targets

where there is no well control and the seismic amplitudes didn’t show any distinctive

characteristics. Then well trajectories are optimized using defined sand extension in

order to better target the reservoir., Deterministic seismic inversions were performed using PSTM (Pre-stack time

migration) data in the Coki field, Kutai Basin. The study concentrated on the Peciko

Main Zone (~3 km burial depth) which is the main gas producing interval of the field.

The main objectives of this project were to identify and map sand and possibly to

define new targets for future development wells. Until 2012, seismic data had little

contribution to well planning for this interval since their resolutions are poor and the

seismic images only show the thick packages of stacked reservoirs.

A rock physics feasibility study on P-impedancevs. Poisson’s Ratio crossplot showed

that water and gas sands overlap each other significantly, meanwhile sand are

discriminated from shale in particular for good quality sand. Lithoseismic

classification is done using inverted P-impedance and Poisson’s Ratio to discriminate

sand from shale. The final result is sand probability cube.

Sand probability cube is then interpreted and used to define possible extension of

sand limit for Main Zone.The final interpretation discovered several new targets

where there is no well control and the seismic amplitudes didn’t show any distinctive

characteristics. Then well trajectories are optimized using defined sand extension in

order to better target the reservoir.]"

"Lapangan ‘B’ merupakan lapangan prospek hidrokarbon yang berlokasi di offshorecekungan Kutai, Kalimantan Timur. Untuk mengetahui karakterisasi reservoir lapangan‘B’, dilakukan pemodelan porositas dan saturasi air menggunakan inversi AI, multiatributseismik dan probabilistic neural network. Penelitian ini menggunakan data seismik 3DPSTM dan data sumur (AND-1, AND-2, AND-3 dan AND-4). Pada data seismik dan datasumur dilakukan inversi AI untuk mengetahui sifat litologi area penelitian. Kemudian,hasil AI ditransformasikan untuk mendapatkan model porositas. Metode multiatributseismik menggunakan beberapa atribut untuk memprediksi model porositas dan saturasiair. Setelah itu, diaplikasikan sifat non-linear dari probabilistic neural network sehinggamenghasilkan model porositas dan saturasi air hasil probabilistic neural network (PNN).Model porositas dan saturasi air transformasi AI, multiatribut seismik dan PNN divalidasidengan nilai porositas dan saturasi air data sumur untuk mengetahui apakah modelporositas dan saturasi air tersebut merepresentatifkan nilai data sumur. Validasi dilakukanpada sumur AND-1 dan AND-2. Nilai porositas dan saturasi air data sumur untuk AND-1 adalah 25.3 – 35.9% dan 45 – 60%, dan nilai porositas dan saturasi air AND-2 adalah11 – 35% dan 15 – 82%. Nilai porositas AND-1 hasil transformasi AI sekitar 16 – 67%,multiatribut seismik sekitar 11.5 – 27% dan PNN sekitar 11.5 – 27%. Nilai saturasi airAND-1 hasil multiatribut seismik sekitar 4 – 63% dan PNN sekitar 18 – 63%. Nilaiporositas AND-2 hasil transformasi AI sekitar 52 – 72%, multiatribut seismik sekitar 11– 21.5% dan PNN sekitar 11 – 21.5%. Nilai saturasi air AND-2 hasil multiatribut seismiksekitar 63 – 85% dan PNN sekitar 63 – 85%. Kemudian, metode multiatribut seismik danPNN didapatkan nilai korelasi antara parameter target dengan parameter prediksi. Modelporositas multiatribut seismik memiliki korelasi 0.840836 dan PNN memiliki korelasi0.936868. Model saturasi air multiatribut seismik memiliki korelasi 0.915254 dan PNNmemiliki korelasi 0.994566. Model porositas transformasi AI memiliki rentang yanglebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan data sumur. Model porositas dan saturasi air metodePNN memiliki rentang nilai yang cukup dekat dengan data sumur dan memiliki korelasiyang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan metode multiatribut seismik. Oleh sebab itu,model porositas dan saturasi air metode PNN merupakan model prediksi terbaik.Berdasarkan model PNN, reservoir zona target lapangan ‘B’ memiliki nilai impedansiakustik 25384 – 26133 ((ft/s)*(g/cc)), porositas sekitar 15 – 27% dan nilai saturasi airsekitar 11 – 63%.

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The 'B' field is a hydrocarbon prospect field located in the offshore Kutai Basin, East

Kalimantan. To determine the characterization of the ‘B’ field reservoir, porosity and

water saturation modeling was carried out using AI inversion, seismic multiattribute and

probabilistic neural network. This study uses 3D PSTM seismic data and wells data

(AND-1, AND-2, AND-3 and AND-4). In seismic data and wells data, AI inversion was

carried out to determine the lithological characteristics of the research area. Then, the AI

results were transformed to obtain a porosity model. The seismic multiattribute method

uses several attributes to predict the porosity and water saturation model. After that, the

non-linear properties of the probabilistic neural network were applied to produce the

porosity and water saturation model of the probabilistic neural network (PNN). The

porosity and water saturation model of AI transformation, seismic multiattribute and PNN

were validated with the porosity and water saturation values of the wells data to determine

whether the porosity and water saturation models represent the wells data values.

Validation was carried out on AND-1 and AND-2 wells. The porosity and water

saturation value of the well data for AND-1 around 25.3 - 35.9% and 45 - 60%, and the

porosity and water saturation value of AND-2 around 11 - 35% and 15 - 82%. The

porosity value of AND-1 as a result of AI transformation is around 16 - 67%, the seismic

multiattribute about 11.5 - 27% and the PNN about 11.5 - 27%. The water saturation value

of AND-1 resulted from seismic multiattribute around 4 - 63% and PNN around 18 - 63%.

The porosity value of AND-2 transformed by AI around 52 - 72%, the seismic

multiattribute around 11 - 21.5% and the PNN around 11 - 21.5%. The water saturation

value of AND-2 result from the seismic multiattribute around 63 - 85% and PNN around

63 - 85%. Then, the multiattribute seismic and PNN methods obtained the correlation

value between the target parameter and the predicted parameter. The seismic

multiattribute porosity model has a correlation of 0.840836 and PNN has a correlation of

0.936868. The multiattribute seismic water saturation model has a correlation of 0.915254

and PNN has a correlation of 0.994566. The AI transformation porosity model has a

higher range than the wells data. The PNN method of porosity and water saturation model

has a fairly close range of values to wells data and has a higher correlation than the

multiattribute seismic method. Therefore, the porosity and water saturation model of the

PNN method is the best prediction model. Based on the PNN model, the field target zone

reservoir 'B' has an acoustic impedance value about 25384 – 26133 ((ft/s) * (g/cc)), a

porosity of 15 - 27% and a water saturation of 11 - 63%."

"Analisis fisika batuan adalah salah satu komponen kunci dalam eksplorasi, pengembangan, dan produksi hidrokarbon yang menyediakan hubungan antara parameter reservoar geologi dan sifat seismik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis bagaimana pengaruh kandungan mineral lempung terhadap respon seismik AVO pada reservoar batupasir berdasarkan persamaan Gassmann di pemodelan fisika batuan. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah pemodelan fisika batuan dari dua data sumur X-19 dan X-15 di Lapangan 'D', Formasi Balikpapan, Cekungan Kutai. Pemodelan yang dilakukan baik pada sumur X-15 dan X-19, hanya dilakukan pada dua zona perwakilan. Zona A dan C untuk sumur X-15 serta zona K dan Q untuk sumur X-19. Proses pemodelan fisika batuan terdiri dari pemodelan mineral, fluida, serta kerangka batuan. Ketiganya dengan persamaan Gassmann akan digunakan untuk menghitung nilai pemodelan Vp, Vs, dan rb. Impedansi akustik dan impedansi elastik kemudian dihitung untuk mendapatkan nilai R q dari pendekatan Zoeppritz, dengan menggunakan persamaan Shuey. Sebagai kesimpulan, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh yang paling terlihat dalam pemodelan adalah pada sumur X-19 di zona Q unsur mineral lempung adalah Smectite dan sumur X-15 di zona C unsur mineral lempung adalah Illite. Baik zona Q dan C terindikasi tersaturasi oleh gas. Smectite yang memiliki nilai modulus onggok dan rigiditas paling rendah diantara tipe lempung lainnya, mampu memperlambat kecepatan yang menjalar pada zona Q. Illlite yang memiliki nilai modulus onggok dan rigiditas yang lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan Kuarsa, mampu mempercepat kecepatan yang menjalar pada zona A. Dan untuk nilai rb pemodelan di kedua zona Q dan C, menjadi lebih kecil bila dibandingkan dengan data riil.

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Rock physics analysis is one of the key components in the exploration, development, and production of hydrocarbons that provide a link between geological reservoir parameters and seismic properties. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of clay mineral content on AVO seismic response on sandstone reservoir based on Gassmann equation in rock physics modeling. The method used in this research was rock physics modeling of two well data X 19 and X 15 in D Field, Balikpapan Formation, Kutai Basin. Modeling performed both on wells X 15 and X 19, was done on two representative zones. Zone A and C for well X 15 and zone K and Q for well X 19. The process of rock physics modeling consists of mineral, fluid, and modeling. All those three will be assembled with Gassmann equation to calculate the modeling of Vp, Vs, and rb. The acoustic impedance and shear impedance were then calculated to obtain the value of R q from Zoeppritz approximation, using the Shuey equation.

The most visible influence showed in modeling on well X 19, zone Q clay mineral element is Smectite and well X 15 in zone C clay mineral element is Illite. Both zone Q and C were indicated saturated by gas. Smectite which has the lowest bulk modulus and rigidity value of the other clay type, capable of slowing the velocity on zone Q. Illlite which has bulk modulus and rigidity value compared by Quartz, able to accelerate the velocity that propagates in zone A. And the value of rb modeling in both zones Q and C, becomes smaller when compared with real data."

"Indonesia merupakan negara terbesar kedua dalam eksportir batubara dengan produksi rata-rata 600 juta ton per tahun. Tingginya produksi batubara menyebabkan cadangan batubara di Indonesia mengalami penurunan sehingga diperlukan kegiatan eksplorasi guna mendapatkan cadangan batubara yang baru agar kebutuhan akan energi batubara tetap terpenuhi. Penelitian dilakukan pada Formasi Pamaluan, Formasi Palaubalang dan Formasi Balikpapan, Cekungan Kutai, Kalimantan Timur dengan Formasi Pulaubalang dan Formasi Balikpapan sebagai formasi pembawa batubara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kondisi geologi bawah permukaan melalui pemodelan geologi secara 2D & 3D berdasarkan hasil korelasi di setiap data bor serta mengestimasi sumber daya batubara dengan melihat kompleksitas kondisi geologi. Metode yang digunakan berupa metode poligon circular untuk estimasi sumber daya batubara, metode FEM (Finite Element Method) untuk pemodelan lapisan batubara, serta metode IDW (Inverse Distance Weighting) untuk pemodelan kualitas. Pemodelan batubara menghasilkan lapisan yang berbentuk lipatan sinklin. Terdapat 8 seam utama yaitu S18, S19, S20, S22, S24, S25, S26, dan S30, dimana masing-masing dari seam tersebut mengalami splitting (percabangan) sehingga total seam keseluruhan yaitu 17 seam. Kompleksitas kondisi geologi daerah penelitian masuk ke dalam kategori moderat dengan kualitas batubara tergolong ke dalam peringkat Sub Bituminus A. Estimasi sumber daya batubara dilakukan pada 4 seam yaitu S20, S20L, S26 dan S26L. Total estimasi sumber daya terukur sebesar 3,4 juta ton, sumber daya tertunjuk sebesar 5,4 juta ton, serta estimasi tereka sebesar 6,1 juta ton.

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Indonesia is the second largest coal exporter country with an average production of 600 million tons per year. High coal production causes coal reserves in Indonesia to decline, so exploration activities are needed to obtain new coal reserves so that the need for coal energy remains met. Research was carried out on the Pamaluan Formation, Palaubalang Formation and Balikpapan Formation, Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan with the Pulaubalang Formation and Balikpapan Formation as coal-bearing formations. This research aims to look at subsurface geological conditions through 2D & 3D geological modeling based on correlation results in each drill data and estimate coal resources by looking at the complexity of geological conditions. The methods used are the circular polygon method for estimating coal resources, FEM (Finite Element Method) method for modeling coal seams, and the IDW (Inverse Distance Weighting) method for quality modeling. Coal modeling produces layers in the form of synclinal folds. There are 8 main seams, namely S18, S19, S20, S22, S24, S25, S26, and S30, where each of these seams experiences splitting so that the total seam is 17 seams. The complexity of the geological conditions of the research area falls into the moderate category with coal quality classified as Sub Bituminous A. Coal resource estimation was carried out on 4 seams, namely S20, S20L, S26 and S26L. The total estimated measured resources are 3.4 million tons, the indicated resources are 5.4 million tons, and the inferred estimate is 6.1 million tons."

"Skripsi ini membahas tentang metode vertical seismic profiling (VSP) dan aplikasinya dalam karakterisasi reservoar. VSP merupakan pengukuran seismik yang dilakukan dengan menempatkan receiver di lubang bor. Karakter reservoar yang akan diteliti yaitu batu pasir pada lapangan Sejati, yang merupakan salah satu lapangan minyak dan gas VICO Indonesia yang terletak di Cekungan Kutai, Kalimantan Timur. Data yang tersedia dalam penelitian ini yaitu data VSP (near & far offset) dan well log dari satu sumur eksplorasi. Karakterisasi reservoar berdasarkan metode inversi data VSP. Langkah-langkah pengerjaan yaitu crossplot, correlation, picking horizon, initial model, inversion analysis (QC), dan final inversion. Dari hasil inversi memperlihatkan adanya sebaran impedansi rendah pada zona target. Karena besarnya tuning thickness maka perlu dilakukan studi lebih lanjut untuk memastikan apakah impedansi rendah tersebut mengindikasikan lapisan sand atau bukan.

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This study are about vertical seismic profiling (VSP) and it?s application for reservoir characterization. VSP is an seismic measurement which is put some receivers in borehole. The character of reservoir will be studied is sandstone in Sejati field, which is one of VICO?s oil and gas fields at Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan. The data avalaible of this study are VSP (near & far offset) and well log from one exploration well. Reservoir characterization based on VSP inversion method. The sequence step of this study are crossplot, correlation, picking horizon, initial model, inversion analysis (QC), and final inversion. The inversion result show low impedance at target zone. Because tuning thickness is very high, so it is needed detailed study for identifying sand distribution at target zone."

"Lapangan Kale terletak pada Sub Cekungan Jambi, Cekungan Sumatera Selatan dimana lapangan ini berada pada Blok yang aktif menghasilkan minyak dan gas bumi. Keekonomian atau nilai dari suatu lapangan minyak gas sangat penting dalam rangka pengembangan lapangan tersebut. Sehingga studi integrasi antara geologi dan geofisika mengenai karakterisasi reservoar pada lapangan ini sangat diperlukan. Angka yang didapat dalam hal cadangan akan sangat penting bagi seorang reservoir engineer dalam menentukan keekonomian lapangan tersebut. Berbekal data survey seismik 3D dan 4 sumur eksplorasi studi integrasi geologi dan geofisika ini dijalankan. 3 fase studi utama, yaitu analisa petrofisika, dimana kita dapat mengetahui sifat fisik dari batuan reservoar pada tiap sumurnya di lapangan Kale pembuatan impedansi akustik, dimana didahului dengan analisa rock physic pada data sumur, terlihat jelas bahwa impedansi akustik pada data sumur dapat membedakan 3 jenis litologi yang berkembang pada reservoar sand-A formasi LTAF. Pemodelan geologi, dimana impedansi akustik dan juga data dari analisa petrofisika dipakai sebagai input dalam pemodelan geologi ini. Output dari studi ini akan menghasilkan beberapa peta sebaran reservoar, mulai dari peta sebaran fasies dimana berdasarkan data core sumur Kale-2 reservoar sand-A formasi LTAF diendapkan pada lingkungan transisi/ delta. Peta sebaran porositas, dimana kontrol fasies dipakai dalam mempopulasikan porositas pada reservoar sand- A lapangan Kale. Peta sebaran permeabilitas, di buat berdasarkan persamaan antara porositas dan permeabilitas yang ada pada data core, sehingga nilai permeabilitas pada studi ini didapat dari transformasi porositas- permeabilitas dengan menggunakan persamaan tersebut.

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Kale is Field located at Jambi Sub Basin, South Sumatera Basin, which is being a part of one of active blocks in Indonesia. Field economic value is the most important thing in order to develop oil and gas field. Integrated geology and geophysics study for reservoir characterization in this field is urgently needed. For reservoir engineer, reserve estimation from geologist will be used to run the economic evaluation in this field. 3D Seismic data and 4 four exploration wells are used in this integrated G G study. Three primary phases is carried out in order to run this study. Petrophysical analysis in each well in Kale field will be evaluated to have all the petrophysical value in A sand reservoir Acoustic impedance cube generated base on rock physic analysis which is acoustic impedance can divided A sand reservoir into 3 three lithology Geological modeling generated with acoustic impedance cube and petrophysical data as the input. The result of this study is presented in reservoir distribution map, such as facies which is controlled by core data from Kale 2 well that showing this reservoir deposited at delta environment. Porosity distribution map generated with facies distribution control. Porosity permeability plot at Kale 2 well have a good equation will be used to transform porosity value to permeability value."

"Penelitian ini akan membahas mengenai pemodelan penyebaran fasies sedimen laut dalam di salah satu lapangan yang mengandung gas di Cekungan Kutai. Fasies pengendapan di lapangan Y dibagi menjadi 5 yakni Channel Axis, Channel Margin, Levee Overbank, Mass Transport dan Mud. Fasies pengendapan tersebut dibedakan satu dengan yang lain dalam penelitian ini melalui perbedaan cut-off vshale dan pola log GR. Korelasi antar sumur menggunakan ketentuan stratigrafi sikuen dibantu dengan data plot gradien tekanan dan data seismik. Interpretasi data seismik 3D pada interval pemodelan yaitu interval A bertujuan untuk membentuk kerangka pemodelan penyebaran fasies. Pemodelan penyebaran fasies pada penelitian kali ini menggunakan metode Multi Point Statistic Simulation (MPS). Modul pemodelan MPS dalam software Petrel menyediakan sarana untuk menyertakan berbagai macam input data geologi dan geofisika dalam pemodelan fasies. Data input tersebut antara lain training image, seismik vshale dan data peta medan azimuth. Penelitian ini juga mencoba membandingkan proses pemodelan fasies menggunakan metode MPS dengan salah satu metode stochastic lainnya yakni SIS (Sequential Indicator Simulation).

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This study describes about fasies distribution modeling of deepwater deposit in one of gas field at Kutai Basin.The deepwater depositional fasies in Y field can be divided into 5 fasies such as Channel Axis, Channel Margin, Levee Overbank, Mass Transport and Mud. Vshale cut-off and GR log pattern are used for dividing one depositional fasies to other depositional facies. Sequence stratigraphy concept is applied on well to well correlation supported with other data like pressure gradien plot and seismic section. 3D seismic horizon interpretation at A interval aim to build model framework for fasies distribution.

This research utilizes Multi Point Statistic Simulation (MPS) method to distribute the fasies. The MPS modeling modul in Petrel provides some options to use geology and geophysics data as modeling input. Thoose input data are training image, vshale seismic cube and azimuth field map. The study also tried to compare the facies modeling process using the MPS method with one of the other stochastic methods namely SIS ( Sequential Indicator Simulation )."