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"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini menghasilkan bukti empiris dampak migrasi terhadap kesejahteraanrumah tangga di Indonesia, menggunakan data panel Indonesia Family LifeSurvey (IFLS) tahun 2000 dan 2007, dan metode difference-in-differences denganpropensity score matching. Penelitian ini mengestimasi dampak migrasi padarumah tangga migran kerja dan rumah tangga migran nonkerja dalam halpendapatan perkapita, beberapa variabel pengeluaran perkapita dan aset perkapitarumah tangga. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa migrasi kerja berdampakterhadap total pengeluaran perkapita rumah tangga, pengeluaran murni panganperkapita rumah tangga, dan pengeluaran rutin nonpangan perkapita rumah tangga.Sedangkan migrasi nonkerja berdampak terhadap pendapatan perkapita dan asetperkapita rumah tangga. Penelitian ini juga menganalisis dampak migrasi terhadapremitansi pada rumah tangga dengan menggunakan data transfer sebagai proksi.Migrasi kerja menunjukkan dampak yang signifikan terhadap pengeluaran transferperkapita rumah tangga, namun tidak terbukti memiliki dampak terhadap netttransfer perkapita rumah tangga. Sementara migrasi nonkerja menunjukkandampak yang signifikan terhadap nett transfer perkapita rumah tangga. Penelitianini juga menganalisis dampak migrasi terhadap suplai tenaga kerja rumah tanggadimana ditemukan bahwa migrasi kerja membawa dampak signifikan, namunmigrasi nonkerja tidak menunjukkan dampak yang signifikan terhadap suplaitenaga kerja rumah tangga.Kata Kunci: Evaluasi Dampak.

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ABSTRACTThis study provides empirical evidence on the impact of migration on migrantsendinghousehold in Indonesia, using data panel from Indonesia Family LifeSurvey (IFLS) 2000 and 2007, and difference-in-differences with propensity scorematching method. This study estimates the impact of work migration and nonworkmigration on percapita income, some of per capita expenditures variables,per capita asset, migrant-sending household. It is found that work migration haveimpact on total per capita expenditure, per capita pure food expenditure, and percapita non food routine expenditure. Non-work migration have impact on percapita income and per capita asset. This study also analyze migration impact onremittance using transfer data as proxi. Work migration showing impactsignificantly on per capita out transfer, but there is no evidence have impact onper capita nett transfer. Non-work migration showing impact significantly on percapita nett transfer. This study also analyze migration impact on household laborsupply. It is found that work migration have impact significantly on householdlabor supply. But non-work migration have no significant impact on householdlabor supply.;This study provides empirical evidence on the impact of migration on migrantsendinghousehold in Indonesia, using data panel from Indonesia Family LifeSurvey (IFLS) 2000 and 2007, and difference-in-differences with propensity scorematching method. This study estimates the impact of work migration and nonworkmigration on percapita income, some of per capita expenditures variables,per capita asset, migrant-sending household. It is found that work migration haveimpact on total per capita expenditure, per capita pure food expenditure, and percapita non food routine expenditure. Non-work migration have impact on percapita income and per capita asset. This study also analyze migration impact onremittance using transfer data as proxi. Work migration showing impactsignificantly on per capita out transfer, but there is no evidence have impact onper capita nett transfer. Non-work migration showing impact significantly on percapita nett transfer. This study also analyze migration impact on household laborsupply. It is found that work migration have impact significantly on householdlabor supply. But non-work migration have no significant impact on householdlabor supply.;This study provides empirical evidence on the impact of migration on migrantsendinghousehold in Indonesia, using data panel from Indonesia Family LifeSurvey (IFLS) 2000 and 2007, and difference-in-differences with propensity scorematching method. This study estimates the impact of work migration and nonworkmigration on percapita income, some of per capita expenditures variables,per capita asset, migrant-sending household. It is found that work migration haveimpact on total per capita expenditure, per capita pure food expenditure, and percapita non food routine expenditure. Non-work migration have impact on percapita income and per capita asset. This study also analyze migration impact onremittance using transfer data as proxi. Work migration showing impactsignificantly on per capita out transfer, but there is no evidence have impact onper capita nett transfer. Non-work migration showing impact significantly on percapita nett transfer. This study also analyze migration impact on household laborsupply. It is found that work migration have impact significantly on householdlabor supply. But non-work migration have no significant impact on householdlabor supply., This study provides empirical evidence on the impact of migration on migrantsendinghousehold in Indonesia, using data panel from Indonesia Family LifeSurvey (IFLS) 2000 and 2007, and difference-in-differences with propensity scorematching method. This study estimates the impact of work migration and nonworkmigration on percapita income, some of per capita expenditures variables,per capita asset, migrant-sending household. It is found that work migration haveimpact on total per capita expenditure, per capita pure food expenditure, and percapita non food routine expenditure. Non-work migration have impact on percapita income and per capita asset. This study also analyze migration impact onremittance using transfer data as proxi. Work migration showing impactsignificantly on per capita out transfer, but there is no evidence have impact onper capita nett transfer. Non-work migration showing impact significantly on percapita nett transfer. This study also analyze migration impact on household laborsupply. It is found that work migration have impact significantly on householdlabor supply. But non-work migration have no significant impact on householdlabor supply.]"

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis tingkat pengembalian investasi pendidikantinggi dan melihat perkembangannya selama 2000-2014, menggunakan dataSakerti tahun 2000, 2007, 2014 dan metode two step Heckman. Hasilmenunjukkan individu berpendidikan S1/S2/S3 mendapatkan penghasilan lebihbesar daripada pendidikan Diploma. Selama periode 2000-2014, penghasilanpendidikan tinggi semakin meningkat namun tingkat pengembalian investasipendidikan untuk Diploma lebih besar daripada S1/S2/S3. Namun demikian,dalam perkembangannya, seiring dengan bertambahnya pengalaman kerjapendidikan S1/S2/S3 mendapatkan tingkat pengembalian investasi pendidikanyang lebih tinggi dibandingkan Diploma. Hal ini mengindikasikan adanyaketidaksesuaian pekerjaan pada individu berpendidikan Diploma maupunS1/S2/S3. Oleh karenanya penting untuk meningkatkan mutu lulusan pendidikantinggi.

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ABSTRACTThis study aimed to analyze return on investment of higher education and itsdevelopment during 2000-2014, using IFLS data 2000, 2007, 2014 and two-stepHeckman method. Results show individuals educated S1/S2/S3 earn more thandiploma. During the 2000-2014 period, the earning of higher education isincreasing but the rate of return on investments in education to Diploma greaterthan S1/S2/S3. However in its development, with increasing work experience,S1/S2/S3 is getting higher rate of return to education compared to Diploma. Thisindicates occupational mismatch among diploma and S1/S2/S3. Therefore it isimportant to improve the quality of graduates and postgraduates"

"Dalam upaya memberikan perlindungan sosial terhadap masyarakat miskin dari risiko kesehatan, pemerintah Indonesia mengimplementasikan program jaminan kesehatan sosial bersubsidi bagi masyarakat miskin Askeskin. Program ini kemudian diperluas target dan manfaatnya menjadi Jamkesmas. Penelitian ini meneliti dampak jaminan kesehatan bagi masyarakat miskin terhadap utilisasi layanan kesehatan berupa jumlah kunjungan rawat jalan dan rawat inap, proporsi belanja kesehatan terhadap pengeluaran rumah tangga, serta self-assessed health. Analisis dilakukan pada semua populasi dan subpopulasi termiskin kuintil pertama dalam populasi . Peneliti menggunakan metode propensity score matching dan difference-in-difference untuk analisis data Indonesia Family Life Survey IFLS tahun 2000, 2007 dan 2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan program jaminan kesehatan bagi masyarakat miskin memiliki dampak positif signifikan terhadap jumlah kunjungan rawat jalan dan rawat inap; di sisi lain program tidak memiliki dampak signifikan terhadap proporsi belanja kesehatan rumah tangga dan self-assessed health. Program jaminan kesehatan bagi masyarakat miskin secara signifikan telah meningkatkan akses masyarakat miskin terhadap layanan kesehatan, namun tidak signifikan melindungi masyarakat miskin dari risiko belanja kesehatan dan tidak signifikan meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan masyarakat miskin.

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To improve the poor's access to healthcare services, the Indonesian government introduced Askeskin, a subsidized social health insurance for the poor. Later, Askeskin had policy expansion and became Jamkesmas. We examine the effects of this social health insurance for the poor on health services utilization-outpatient visits, inpatient admissions, household budget share of health spending, and self assessed health. We analyze all samples and the poorest 1st quartile of the sample. Using propensity score matching and difference in difference matching strategies on Indonesia Family Life Survey IFLS datasets 2000, 2007 and 2014, we find the insurance have positive significant impact on outpatient visits and inpatient admissions it does not seem to have significant impact on household budget share of health spending and self assessed health, however. This finding suggests that social health insurance for the poor increases health services utilization outpatient visits and inpatient admissions, on the other hand it does not significantly protect the poor from health spending and not significantly improve health outcome of the poor."

"ABSTRAK

Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh dari kemiskinan dan karakteristik sosio-demografi terhadap perilaku migrasi. Status kemiskinan dilihat dari indikator kemampuan ekonomi, yaitu pengeluaran per kapita, total nilai aset, kepemilikan lahan pertanian dan juga apakah individu menerima bantuan atau tidak. Perilaku migrasi dipisah menjadi individu yang bertempat tinggal di perkotaan dan perdesaan. Data panel yang digunakan adalah data SAKERTI. Hasil regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan orang miskin cenderung tidak bermigrasi. Namun, ditemukan kecenderungan penduduk miskin perkotaan untuk bermigrasi ke perkotaan lainnya.

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ABSTRACT

This paper aims to analyze the effect of poverty and socio-demography characteristics towards migration behavior. To decide whether someone is poor or not is judged by their economic ability, including per capita expenditure, total value of asset, the possession of land for farming and are they a recipient of supporting program or not. Migration pattern divided into two groups, a group of people living in urban area and rural area. By using logistic regression with IFLS data, it is found that in general the poor are more likely not to migrate. However, there is a positive correlation of urban poor to migrate to another urban area.

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"ABSTRAKPenilitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh struktur keluarga, yaitu keluarga utuh, cerai, dan menikah kembali terhadap pencapaian pendidikan anak berupa status kelajutan sekolah anak ke jenjang pendidikan yang lebih tinggi dengan menggunakan data Sakerti 2000 dan 2007. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi logistik biner diketahui bahwa struktur keluarga turut menentukan pencapaian pendidikan anak pada periode transisi awal, yaitu dari SD ke SMP. Faktor terkuat dalam menentukan pencapaian pendidikan anak dalam penelitian ini adalah pendidikan KRT dan pendapatan KRT, terutama untuk jenjang pendidikan tinggi. Temuan lain yang menarik adalah anak laki-laki memiliki kecenderungan yang lebih rendah untuk melanjutkan pendidikan dibandingkan anak perempuan.

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ABSTRACTThe aim of this research is to study the impact of family structure, which are children living with parents who are either married, divorced, or re-married on children’s educational attainment defined as transition to the higher level of schooling. Results of logistic regression analysis using IFLS 2000 and 2007 data show that family structure affect children’s educational attainment, especially for transition from SD to SMP. The strongest determinants of children’s educational attainment, however, are parent’s education and household income, especially for transition from SMA to University. Other interesting result is that boys are less likely than girls to continue education."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah migrasi mempengaruhi kesejahteraan di Indonesia, baik kesejahteraan diukur secara objektif maupun subjektif. Unit sampel IFLS yang digunakan adalah 22 tahun keatas tahun 2014. Kesejahteraan objektif merupakan konsumsi perkapita riil yang menggambarkan perbedaan daya beli di tahun 2007 dan 2014, sedangkan kesejahteraan subjektif merupakan indeks persepsi tentang kepuasan hidup. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah logistik data panel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa migrasi secara signifikan berpengaruh positif pada kesejahteraan di Indonesia, baik kesejahteraan objektif maupun subjektif. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa migran cenderung merasa lebih sejahtera dan memiliki daya beli lebih tinggi daripada non migran.

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This study aims to analyze whether migration has an impact on wellbeing in Indonesia, using both objective and subjective measurement. The sample of study consist of individual aged 22 years old and above in 2014 using longitudinal data of IFLS. Objective wellbeing is measured by real per capita expenditure between 2007 and 2014, while subjective wellbeing is a self rated assessment index on life satisfaction. Analyze by Logistic panel data regression, the results show that migration positively affects wellbeing in Indonesia significantly. It is suggested that migrants tend to have better subjective wellbeing, and in results from objective measurement show that they also have higher purchasing power parity than non migrant."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari perbedaan risiko bercerai antar wanita dengan menggunakan Sakerti Tabun 2000 dan 2007 menurut karakteristik tiogkat pendidikan dan umur kawin pertama dengan memperhitungkan k&raktaristik kebadinm anak, daerab tempat tinggal, kohor kelabiran dan status kerja, Berdasarkan temuan pada analisis deskriptif, dapat disimpulkan bahwa wanlta berpendidikan lebih rendah merniliki risiko bercerai yang lebih besar dibandingkan wanlta berpendidikan lebih tioggi. Wanlta dengan umur kawin pertama 22 tahun keatas justru memiliki risiko bercerai yang lebih besar dibandingkan wanlta dengan urnur kawin pertama 15 tahun kebawab dan 16-21 tahun. Sedangkan dalarn hal kebadimn anal<, kohor kelabimn dan status kerja, diternukan babwa wanlta yang tidak merniliki anak, labir sebagai generasi paling muda dan beketja, memiliki risiko bercerai yang paling besar. Berdasarkan analisis inferens dengan model regresi legit biner, dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan memerhatikan kondisi tingkat pendidikanumur kawin pertama serta faktor klasifikasi seperti kebadiran anak, daerah tempat tinggai, kohor kelahiran dan status kelja, perbedaan risiko pada umumnya menunjukkan pola yang sama dengan basil dari analisis deakriptif. Namnn, basil estimasi pada setiap model menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan risiko yang signifikan hanya pada kondisi wanita yang berpendidikan tamat SMP keatas dan umur kawin pertarnanya 22 tahun keatas.

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The objective of this research is to study the difference in risk of divorce among women according to educational level) age at first marriage by considering the presence of children, residence, birth cohort and working status. Using the 2000 and 2007 IFLS data, the findings on descriptive analysis show that women with lower level of education have greater risk of divorce than women with high level of education. Women with age of first marriage 22 years and older have greater risk of divoree than women with age of first marriage 15 years and younger and 16-21 years. According to the factors of the presence of children, birth cohort and working statusit is found that women who have no children who were born as the youngest cohort and who were working. have the greatest risk of divorce. Based on the results of binary logit regression model, it is concluded that by considering the educational level, age at first marriage and classification factor such as the presence of children. residence, birth cohort and working status, the pattern of the results are simllar with the results from descriptive analysis. However, the estimation results in every model show that there are significant risk differences only for women who finished junior highschool and higher and women with age of first marriage 22 years and older."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan mempeiajari faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan bermigrasi penduduk Indonesia antara tahun 2000 - 2007 dengan menggunakan data sekunder Indonesian Family Life Sur}-ey (lFLS) atau Survei Aspek Kehidupan Rumah Tangga (Sakerti) tahun 2000 dan 2007. Penelitian ini juga mempelajari perbedaan kecenderungan bermigrasi antara migran dan non migran dengan memperhitungkan pengaruh variabel pendapatan. pendidikan, umur, jenis kelamin, kepemtHkan rumah, kepemilikan laban pertanian, daerah ternpat tinggal dan persepsi standar hidup. Metode analisis yang djgunakan terdiri dari analisis deskriptif dan regresi iogistik non-hierarki multi faktorial. Obyek penelitian adalah penduduk usia 15 tahun keatas, baik laki-laki maupun perempuan. Ditemukan bahwa kecenderungan bermigrasi lebih tinggi pada migran maupun non migran yang tidak mempunyai pendapatan, pendidikan tinggi, umur muda, tidak kawin, tinggal dirumah yang bukan milik sendiri dan tinggal di perkotaan. Sementarn itu penduduk yang berstatus migran pada tahun 2000 mempunyai kecenderungan yang lebih besar untuk bermigrasi antara tahun 2000-2007 dibanding non migran.

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The objective of this research is to study the determinants of migration decision among Indonesian popuiation in 2000-2007 by using secondary data of 2000 and 2007 Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLSs}. This study also examines the differences in propensity to migrate between migrants and non migrants according to several factors such as incomeeducation, age, sexhome ownership, agricultural hmd ownership, residential areas and the perception of standard of living. The method used consists of descriptive analysis and non-hierarchical mu!ti-fuctorial logistic regression. The study object are people aged 15 years or older, male and female.

The regression results show that the tendency to migrate was higher in migrants and non migrants who have no incomewith higher education, younger age, not married, living in a house that is not self-owned and live in urban areas.It is. also found that the migrant population in 2000 had a greater tendency to migrate between the years 2000 to 2007 than non mlgrants."

"Sistem kesehatan bertujuan memberikan pelayanan kesehatan, pencegahan dan pengobatan yang dapat membuat perbedaan besar pada kesehatan masyarakat. Dalam memperoleh layanan kesehatan tersebut, rumah tangga berisiko sering kali harus mengeluarkan pengeluaran tunai untuk mengakses layanan kesehatan. Jumlah pengeluaran kesehatan yang kecil dapat berakibat besar bagi rumah tangga yang miskin. Sebaliknya jumlah pengeluran kesehatan yang besar, mungkin mempunyai dampak yang kecil bagi rumah tangga yang kaya. Terlepas dari jumlah yang dikeluarkan pada kesehatan, setiap rumah tangga berisiko menderita biaya kesehatan katastropik dan dimiskinkan olehnya. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi biaya kesehatan katastropik dan faktor yang paling mempengaruhi biaya kesehatan katastropik. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat dan multivariate. Analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi IV Probit Endogen untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi dan paling mempengaruhi biaya kesehatan katastropik. Pengetahuan atas fasilitas puskesmas digunakan sebagai instrumen variable karena berkorelasi dengan variabel endogen namun tidak berkorelasi dengan variable dependen. Dari penelitian disimpulkan bahwa adanya kepemilikan asuransi (ASKES, ASKESKIN, JAMSOSTEK) merupakan faktor yang paling mempengaruhi biaya kesehatan katastropik. Rumah tangga yang tidak memiliki asuransi tersebut terbukti berisiko lebih besar menderita biaya kesehatan katastropik. Rumah tangga yang memiliki anggota rumah tangga dirawat inap, anggota rumah tangga cacat, dan anggota rumah tangga menderita penyakit kronis juga memberikan kontribusi risiko rumah tangga menderita biaya kesehatan katastropik. Keputusan pemerintah untuk memberlakukan jaminan kesehatan merupakan keputusan yang paling. Terbukti bahwa rumah tangga yang dilindungi asuransi memiliki risiko terkecil menderita biaya kesehatan katastropik. Pemerintah didorong untuk melanjutkan kebijakannya memberlakukan jaminan kesehatan dan tetap mempertahankan rawat inap, kecacatan, dan penyakit kronis dalam paket manfaat untuk memperkecil kemungkinan rumah tangga menderita biaya kesehatan katastropik dan dimiskinkan olehnya.

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The purpose of health system is to provide health services, disease prevention, and medication that can make great different to public health. In order to obtain such services, household frequently had to pay substantial amount of money in order to access health services. Such amount of money called out of pocket expenditure (OOP). Small amount of OOP could mean a great deal to poorer household, on the contrary, large amount of OOP could mean nothing to richer household. Set the the amount of OOP aside, each household is risky of suffering catastrophic health expenditure and therefore impoverished by it.

The purpose of this research is to know factors affecting catastrophic health expenditure and which factor affecting catastrophic health expenditure the most.

Method used is univariate and multivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis used is using Instrumental Variable Probit With Endogenous Treatment in order to know factors affecting and factor affecting the most catastrophic health expenditure. Knowledge for puskemas facility is used as instrumental variable due to its nature significantly correlated to endogenous variable but insignificantly correlated to outcome variable.

From this research, it is come to conclusion that Insurance Ownership (ASKES, ASKESKIN, JAMSOSTEK) is factor affecting catastrophic health expenditure the most. Household not holding such insurance is proven to be risky from suffering catastrophic health expenditure. Household having member using in patient services, having member with disabilities, and having member suffering chronic disease also contributing risk household suffering catastrophic health expenditure.

Government decision to enroll national health coverage is proofed to be wise decision. It is proven that household having insurance is protecting household from suffering catastrophic health expenditure. Government is encouraged to continue it?s policy in enrolling national health coverage and keeping in patient, disabilities, and chronic disease in the benefit package in order to prevent household suffering catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment by it."

"Stunting merupakan kondisi gangguan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan pada anak balita akibat kekurangan gizi kronis sehingga anak lebih pendek untuk usianya melampaui defisit -2 standar deviasi di bawah median panjang atau tinggi badan. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya stunting pada balita mulai dari faktor gizi sampai faktor sosial ekonomi. Kekurangan gizi terjadi sejak bayi dalam kandungan dan pada masa awal kehidupan setelah lahir, praktik pemberian air susu ibu, umur kepala rumah tangga, usia ibu pertama kali melahirkan, tingkat pendidikan ibu, status pekerjaan ibu, pendapatan rumah tangga, daerah tempat tinggal, dan juga sarana sanitasi. Multi dimensi faktor yang menyebabkan stunting memiliki dampak bagi kehidupan balita dan mempengaruhi perekonomian bangsa akibat meningkatnya pembiayaan kesehatan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak stunting terhadap sosial ekonomi rumah tangga di Indonesia, menggunakan data panel Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) tahun 1993 dan IFLS 2014. Unit analisis penelitian ini adalah individu bayi usia 0-59 bulan (balita) dengan jumlah sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi sebanyak 1.295 individu. Analisis multivariat pada data dilakukan dengan pendekatan Propensity Score Matching (PSM) untuk melihat pencocokan nilaikedekatan antar dua kelompok. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa faktor pendidikan ibu, status pekerjaan ibu, tempat tinggal, sanitasi pembuangan kotoran manusia dan pendapatan rumah tangga memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap kejadian balita stunting. Dampak stunting terhadap pendidikan anak ketika dewasa sebesar 2,3%, dampak stunting terhadap status pekerjaan sebesar 3,7% dan dampak stunting terhadap status ekonomi sebesar 8,3%.

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Stunting is a problem of growth and development in children under five who are malnoutrished because children lack -2 deviation standart below the median length or height. Many factors improve nutrition in toddlers ranging from nutrition to socio-economic factors. Malnutrition occurs from the womb baby and at the beginning of life after birth, the practice of giving mothers milk, the age of the housewife, the age of the mothers first childbirth, the mothers education level, mothers employment status, household income, housing, and sanitation facilities. Multi-dimensional factors that cause stunting have an impact on the lives of toddlers and have an impact on improving state finances to improve publi finances. This study aims to analyze the impact of stunting on household socioeconomics in Indonesia, using a panel data of Indonesian Family Life Survey IFLS) in 1993 and 2014. The unit of analysis of this study was individuals aged 0-59 months with a number of samples fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria of 1,295 individuals. Multivariate analysis of the data was carried out with the aim of Propensity Score Matching (PSM) to see the value of proximity between two groups. The results of research obtained from maternal education factors, maternal employment status, place of residence, sanitation of human waste and household income have a significant relationship to the incidence of stunting in children under five. Stunting effect the education of adult is 2.3%, stunting effect on employment status is 3.7% and stunting effect on economic status is 8.3%."