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"[Bilateral Investment Treaty merupakan perjanjian internasional antara dua negara yang berfungsi untuk melindungi kepentingan investor asing dan host state. Klausul ekspropriasi merupakan salah satu kalusul penting dalam BIT guna melindungi hak investor asing dari perampasan property secara langsung maupun kerugian lain yang mungkin timbul. Ekspropriasi terbagi menjadi indirect expropriation dan indirect expropriation. Thesis ini mencoba mengalisis ruang lingkup dari indirect expropriation dalam hubungannya dengan kedaulatan negaradalam mengambil kebijakan berdasarkan pada hukum internasional;Bilateral Investment Treaty is a treaty between two States which functions to protect investor?s interest, as well as, the host state?s. Expropriation clause is one of the importent clauses in BITs to protect the right of foreign investor from the act of confiscation of property directly, and its subsequent injuries. Expropriation consists of direct expropriation and indirect expropriation. This thesis tries toanalyze the scope of indirect expropriation, related to the State?s sovereignty in taking policies based on international law.;Bilateral Investment Treaty is a treaty between two States which functions toprotect investor?s interest, as well as, the host state?s. Expropriation clause is oneof the importent clauses in BITs to protect the right of foreign investor from theact of confiscation of property directly, and its subsequent injuries. Expropriationconsists of direct expropriation and indirect expropriation. This thesis tries toanalyze the scope of indirect expropriation, related to the State?s sovereignty intaking policies based on international law., Bilateral Investment Treaty is a treaty between two States which functions toprotect investor’s interest, as well as, the host state’s. Expropriation clause is oneof the importent clauses in BITs to protect the right of foreign investor from theact of confiscation of property directly, and its subsequent injuries. Expropriationconsists of direct expropriation and indirect expropriation. This thesis tries toanalyze the scope of indirect expropriation, related to the State’s sovereignty intaking policies based on international law.]"

"Bilateral Investment Treaty (“BIT”) Indonesia dan Singapura yang dibentuk pada tahun 2005 diputuskan untuk tidak dilanjutkan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia pada tahun 2016 karena Pemerintah Indonesia memilih untuk menegosiasikan BIT yang baru. Pada tahun 2018, Pemerintah Indonesia dan Pemerintah Singapura telah berhasil membentuk BIT dengan ketentuan yang jauh berbeda dibandingkan dengan BIT terdahulu. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk meneliti perbandingan ketentuan dalam BIT Indonesia dan Singapura tahun 2005 dengan BIT dan Singapura tahun 2018. Selain itu, penelitian ini mencoba untuk mengetahui dampak BIT terhadap penanaman modal asing langsung di Indonesia. Bentuk penelitian ini bersifat yuridis-normatif dengan tipologi deskriptif analitis yang didukung oleh studi bahan pustaka dan wawancara sebagai alat pengumpul data. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa BIT Indonesia dan Singapura tahun 2018 dirumuskan secara lebih terperinci dan jelas dan memasukan banyak safeguard di dalamnya. Selain itu, BIT diketahui tidak memiliki dampak langsung untuk mendorong nilai investasi asing di Indonesia, tetapi kehadiran BIT tetap diperlukan untuk memberikan perlindungan dan meningkatkan kepercayaan investor Singapura, mendorong pembentukan iklim peraturan yang baik, dan pelengkap instrumen hukum perlindungan investasi. Saran yang dapat diberikan adalah Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal dalam merumuskan perjanjian investasi internasional kedepannya tetap mempertahankan rumusan perjanjian investasi yang jelas dan rinci demi menghindari penafsiran yang berbeda antara host state dengan penanam modal.

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Bilateral Investment Treaty (“BIT”) between Indonesia and Singapore that was signed in 2005 was discontinued by the Government of Indonesia in 2016 because the Government of Indonesia elected to renegotiate a new BIT. In 2018, the Government of Indonesia and the Government of Singapore successfully agreed on a new BIT with new and different provisions. This research tries to do a comparative analysis on the BIT Indonesia and Singapore 2005 and BIT Indonesia and Singapore 2018. This research also looks to determine the impact of BIT on foreign direct investment. The research method of this thesis is juridical-normative with a descriptive research approach through literature review and desk study, and key informant interviews as a tool for collecting data. This research concludes that BIT Indonesia and Singapore 2018 was formulated with more details, containing explicit clauses and safeguards. This thesis also argues that BIT does not have any direct impact on increasing foreign direct investment in Indonesia. Nevertheless, the presence of BIT is still necessary and effective to provide protection of investment and increase investor confidence, encourage the creation of favourable regulatory climate, and complement other legal instruments for investment protection. In the future, the Indonesian Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM) should seek to establish international investment agreements that maintain a clear and detailed clause of investment agreements in order to avoid different interpretations between the host state and investors."

"Karya Akhir ini membahas dampak kebijakan anggaran belanja militer Amerika Serikat terhadap investasi tiga perusahaan manajemen investasi di perusahaan industri militer Lockheed Martin dalam rentang waktu tahun 2021. Ketiga perusahaan manajemen investasi tersebut yakni State Street Corporation, Vanguard dan Blackrock. Perusahaan manajemen investasi sendiri memiliki posisi penting sebagai pemilik saham perusahaan industri militer. Melalui kepemilikan saham, perusahaaan manajemen investasi dapat memperoleh manfaat dan memiliki kekuasaan dalam mengontrol perusahaan industri militer. Peneliti menggunakan pisau analisis teori military Keynesianism. Teori ini digunakan untuk menjelaskan peran intervensi kebijakan anggaran belanja militer Amerika Serikat terhadap sektor industri militer. Adapun dalam pengumpulan data, peneliti menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data kajian literatur. Peneliti mencari data sekunder yang relevan dengan topik penelitian yang bersumber dari literatur terdahulu, dokumen pemerintah, dokumen perusahaan dan artikel media. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan anggaran belanja militer Amerika Serikat yang dipengaruhi oleh koneksi politik perusahaan manajemen investasi dengan perumus kebijakan berhasil memberikan dampak positif terhadap investasi perusahaan manajemen investasi. Dampak positif tersebut tercermin pada adanya keuntungan dari pemberian dividen dan capital gain.

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This final paper discusses the impact of the United States military budget policy on the investment of three investment management companies in Lockheed Martin's military industrial company in the span of 2021. The three investment management companies are State Street Corporation, Vanguard and Blackrock. Investment management companies themselves have an important position as shareholders in military industrial companies. Through share ownership, investment management companies can benefit and have the power to control military industrial companies. The researcher uses Keynesian military  theory which is able to explain the role of the United States military budget policy intervention on the military industrial sector. As for data collection, researchers used data collection techniques literature review. The researcher looks for secondary data that is relevant to the research topic from previous literature, government documents, company documents and media articles. The results of this study indicate that the United States military budget policy which is influenced by the political connection of investment management companies with policy makers succeeded in having a positive impact on the investment of investment management companies. This positive impact is reflected in the benefits of dividends and capital gains."

"Penetapan Undang-Undang No 40 Tahun 2004 tentang SJSN dan Undang-Undang No 24 tahun 2011 tentang BPJS memberikan pedoman baru dalam pelaksanaan program pensiun nasional. Kondisi baru ini melahirkan tantangan, terutama dalam pengelolaan investasi, agar terjadi kecukupan dana pensiun. Melalui penyusunan model yang kemudian digunakan dalam simulasi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa investasi merupakan kunci penting untuk tercapainya kecukupan dana pensiun, dalam setiap pendekatan; skema individual, skema agregat angkatan, maupun agregat periodik.

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The implementation of Law 40/2004/SJSN and Law No24/2011/BPJS has turned the landscape of pension program in Indonesia. The new condition implanted brings challenges in the implementation of national pension program, especially in fund management, in order to achieve the sustainability of the program. Using simulation based on the constructed model, it is concluded that investment is the key factor to achieve the adequacy of pension fund, whether in individual approach, cohort aggregate, or periodically cohort aggregate."

"Penulisan tesis ini dilatarbelakangi dengan adanya ketentuan perubahan status anak perusahaan PMDN tertutup akibat perubahan kepemilikan saham. Perubahan tersebut salah satunya disebabkan karena pengambilalihan saham sebagaimana yang ditetapkan dalam Peraturan Kepala Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal No.5 Tahun 2013 Tentang Pedoman Dan Tata Cara Perizinan Dan Non Perizinan Penanaman Modal. Namun, ketentuan tersebut akhirnya dicabut yang berdampak kepada ketidakpastian hukum dan pelanggaran terhadap ketentuan bidang usaha yang terutup bagi modal asing. Pembahasan dilakukan dengan menjelaskan pengambilalihan saham terhadap perusahaan PMDN tertutup dan perubahan status perusahaan yang disebabkannya. Penulisan ini menggunakan tipologi penelitian normatif dengan metode penelitian kepustakaan dan wawancara. Akhir penulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa ketentuan perubahan status terhadap anak perusahaan PMDN harus ditetapkan kembali.

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This thesis is written based on the provision regarding the amendment of status of subsidiaries domestic investment company due to the amendment of shares composition. One of The amendments is caused by the acquisition of shares as stipulated under The Regulation of Head of Investment Coordinating Board No.5/2013 regarding Guidance and Procedure of License and Non License of Investment. However, at the end, the stipulation was revoked which impacted to the legal uncertainty and violated the provisions of the business field which prohibited to foreign capital.

The study is conducted by explaining the shares acquisition toward the private domestic investment company and the alteration of the company status caused by it. This thesis uses normative research typology with bibliographical and interview research method. At the end of thesis is concludes that the regulation of alteration of status of subsidiaries the private domestic investment company must be re stipulated."