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"[ABSTRAKPenderita neuropati perifer diabetik yang mengalami penurunan sensasi kaki dapatberakibat terjadinya luka diabetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitaskombinasi senam kaki diabetik dan terapi SPA terhadap peningkatan sensasi kakipada pasien dengan neuropati perifer diabetik. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuasiexperimental pretest-posttest design with control group dengan jumlah sample 35orang yang didapat dengan tehnik purposive sampling. Pengukuran sensasi kakidilakukan pada hari pertama minggu ke-1 dan hari terakhir minggu ke-4 perlakuan.Sampel penelitian yaitu pasien neuropati perifer diabetik dengan skor sensasi kakimaksimal 8. Hasil uji mann whitney menunjukkan ada perbedaan reratapeningkatan sensasi kaki yang diberikan kombinasi senam kaki diabetik dan terapiSPA dibandingkan hanya diberikan tindakan senam kaki diabetik (p value < 0.05).Tindakan kombinasi senam kaki diabetik dan terapi SPA lebih efektif dalammeningkatkan sensasi kaki yang akan berpengaruh terhadap menurunnya resikoluka pada pasien DM.

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ABSTRACTDiabetic peripheral neuropathy patients with decreasing in foot sensation willimpact on diabetic ulcers. This study aims to explore the effect of combinationbetween diabetic legs exercise and SPA therapy on foot sensitivity escalationamong patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. This study used quasiexperimentalpretest-posttest design with control group with 35 respondents andrecruited by purposive sampling methode. Data were collected from patients withperipheral diabetic neuropathy and had 8 maximum score of foot sensitivity.. Footsensitivity was measured on the 1st day of intervention and end day of intervention.Mann whitney test analysis showed significant differences on foot sensitivity withcombination of diabetic legs exercise and SPA therapy compare to diabetic legsexercise only (p value < 0.05). It can be inferred that combination of diabetic legsexercise and SPA therapy are more effective to increase legs sensitivity. Therefore,combined effect of those therapies may eventually decrease diabetic ulcers risk., Diabetic peripheral neuropathy patients with decreasing in foot sensation willimpact on diabetic ulcers. This study aims to explore the effect of combinationbetween diabetic legs exercise and SPA therapy on foot sensitivity escalationamong patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. This study used quasiexperimentalpretest-posttest design with control group with 35 respondents andrecruited by purposive sampling methode. Data were collected from patients withperipheral diabetic neuropathy and had 8 maximum score of foot sensitivity.. Footsensitivity was measured on the 1st day of intervention and end day of intervention.Mann whitney test analysis showed significant differences on foot sensitivity withcombination of diabetic legs exercise and SPA therapy compare to diabetic legsexercise only (p value < 0.05). It can be inferred that combination of diabetic legsexercise and SPA therapy are more effective to increase legs sensitivity. Therefore,combined effect of those therapies may eventually decrease diabetic ulcers risk.]"

"ABSTRAKDiabetes mellitus (DM) adalah salah satu penyakit yang paling sering ditemukan pada populasi lansia di perkotaan. Lansia merupakan populasi yang rentan mengalami DM. Faktor risiko penyakit DM pada lansia di perkotaan adalah kurangnya aktivitas fisik. Gejala DM yang umum ditemui di perkotaan adalah penurunan sensitivitas kaki yang berdampak rasa kebas dan kesemutan pada kaki. Salah satu intervensi yang tepat diberikan untuk menangani gejala tersebut adalah peningkatan sensitivitas kaki melalui senam kaki dan terapi SPA kaki. Senam kaki dan terapi SPA bermanfaat untuk melancarkan sirkulasi darah dan meningkatkan sensitivitas kaki. Praktik profesi ini bertujuan untuk menguji intervensi senam kaki dan terapi SPA kaki untuk meningkatkan sensitivitas kaki pada lansia dengan DM. Hasil asuhan keperawatan yang dilakukan selama 12 kali pertemuan menunjukkan peningkatan nilai sensitifitas kaki kanan dari 5 menjadi 8 dan kaki kiri dari 5 menjadi 7. Intervensi keperawatan ini perlu dilakukan secara rutin untuk mendapatkan efek yang lebih baik.

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ABSTRACT

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common diseases in the elderly population in urban areas. Elderly is a population that is vulnerable to DM. The risk factors in the elderly in urban areas is lack of physical activity. The symptoms of diabetes mellitus that is commonly found in urban areas is a decrease in foot sensitivity that affects numbness and tingling in the legs. The interventions given to treat these symptoms is an increasing in foot sensitivity which is foot exercises and foot SPA therapy. Foot exercises and SPA therapy are useful for blood circulation and increasing foot sensitivity. The study aims to examine foot exercises intervention and foot SPA therapy to improve foot sensitivity in elderly with DM. The results of nursing care carried out for 12 meeting showed an increasing in the sensitivity of the right foot from 5 to 8 and the left foot from 5 to 7. This nursing intervention needs to be done routinely to get a better effect."

"ABSTRAK

Deformitas kaki dapat menyebabkan perubahan mobilitas sendi, luas kontak kaki ke permukaan, kemampuan neuromuskular untuk menstabilkan kaki serta mempertahankan posisi berdiri tegak. Perubahan ini akan berdampak pada penurunan fungsi ekstremitas bawah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengatahui hubungan deformitas kaki dengan fungsi ekstremitas bawah pada pasien neuropati diabetik. Desain penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan studi cross-sectional dengan jumlah sampel 105 orang responden yang mengalami neuropati diabetik dengan deformitas kaki. Analisis data menggunakan Chi Square, Anova, dan regresi logistik etiologik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara deformitas kaki dengan fungsi ekstremitas bawah p = 0,000, OR = 10,857 . Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dijadikan acuan bagi perawat dalam melakukan pengkajian keperawatan untuk memprediksi penurunan fungsi ekstremitas bawah pada pasien neuropati diabetik dengan deformitas kaki sehingga bisa mencegah terjadinya resiko cedera atau jatuh pada pasien.

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ABSTRACT

Foot deformity can cause various of changes in joint mobility, extent of foot contact to the surface, neuromuscular ability to stabilize the legs and maintain an upright standing position. These changes will have an impact on lower limb function. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of foot deformities with the lower extremity functions in diabetic neuropathy patients. The design of this study was a quantitative research with a cross sectional study approach with sample size of 105 respondents who has foot deformity with diabetic neuropathy. Data were analysed using a Chi Square, Anova, and etiologic logistic regression. The results showed a significant correlation between foot deformities with lower extremity function p 0,000, OR 10,857 . This study is expected to be used as a reference for nurses in conducting nursing assessments to predict lower extremity function in diabetic neuropathy patients with foot deformities in order to prevent the risk of injuries or falls in patients."

"Perubahan bentuk kaki pada pasien neuropati diabetik mempengaruhi fungsi kaki sebagai landasan penopang dalam mempertahankan keseimbangan tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan bentuk kaki dengan keseimbangan fungsional pada pasien neuropati diabetik. Desain penelitian ini adalah analitik cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel 132 pasien neuropati diabetik. Analisis data menggunakan Chi Square, Pooled T-test, dan regresi logistik berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara bentuk kaki dengan keseimbangan fungsional pada pasien neuropati diabetik, dengan kekuatan hubungan sedang dan arah hubungan positif (p= 0,001; α= 0,05; r= 0,352). Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perawat untuk melakukan deteksi dini dan mencegah resiko jatuh pada pasien neuropati diabetik terkait perubahan bentuk kaki dan keseimbangan fungsional.

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Changes in foot posture in diabetic neuropathy patients affects the function of the legs as the base of support in maintaining body balance. The study aimed to determine the correlation of foot posture with functional balance in diabetic neuropathy patients. This study design was analytic cross sectional, recruited 132 diabetic neuropathy patients. Statistical analysis used Chi Square, Pooled T-test, and multiple logistic regression. The results showed a significant correlation between foot posture and functional balance in diabetic neuropathy patients the power of correlation is moderate and positive direction (p= 0.001; α= 0.05; r= 0.352). This study suggests the nurse to perform early detection and prevention of the risk of falls in diabetic neuropathy patients related to changes in foot posture and functional balance."

"Latar Belakang. Pasien diabetes melitus (DM) berisiko mengalami komplikasi pada sistem vaskular dan persyarafan, khususnya pada bagian perifer, yang jika tidak tertangani dengan baik dapat berimbas pada terjadinya luka kaki diabetes. Buerger Allen Exercise (BAE) merupakan salah satu pilihan terapi konservatif yang terbukti efektif dalam menangani Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD). Sayangnya beberpa penelitian sebelumnya belum membuktikan efektivitasnya. Pada penelitian ini akan BAE akan dikombinasikan dengan latihan Range of Motion (ROM) kaki untuk melihat efektivitasnya pada vaskularisasi dan neuropati perifer. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi efektivitas latihan kombinasi BAE dan ROM kaki terhadap perbaikan vaskularisasi dan neuropati perifer pada pasien DM tipe 2. Metode. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah quassi experiment with pre test-post test two goups dengan total 72 orang pasien DM tipe 2 sebagai responden. Responden dibagi rata secara acak ke dalam kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol. Kelompok intervensi mendapatkan latihan kombinasi BAE dan ROM kaki, sedangkan kelompok kontrol mendapatkan latihan tunggal BAE. Setiap kelompok melaksanakan latihan kaki selama dua minggu dengan 2 siklus latihan perhari dan total durasi 30 menit. Sebelum dan setelah latihan, responden dikaji nilai Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) untuk menilai vaskularisasi dan nilai Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instruments (MNSI) untuk menilai neuropati. Hasil. Latihan kombinasi BAE dan ROM kaki lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan nilai ABI daripada latihan tunggal BAE (pvalue 0,00). Latihan kombinasi BAE dan ROM kaki juga lebih efektif dalam menurunkan nilai MNSI daripada latihan tinggal BAE (pvalue 0,00). Kesimpulan Latihan kombinasi BAE dan ROM kaki efektif dalam memperbaiki vaskularisasi dan neuropati perifer melalui perbaikan nilai ABI dan MNSI.

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Background. Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at risk of experiencing complications in the vascular and nervous system, especially in the peripheral areas. These complications can lead to even worse complication without proper intervention such as diabetic foot wounds. Buerger Allen Exercise (BAE) is a conservative therapy option that has been proven effective in treating Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD). Unfortunately, the effect of BAE on neuropathy has not been clearly proven. In this study, BAE will be combined with foot Range of Motion (ROM) exercises to see its effectiveness on vascularization and peripheral neuropathy. Objective. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of combined BAE and foot ROM exercises to improve vascularization and peripheral neuropathy in type 2 DM patients. Methods. Quasi experiment with pre test-post test two groups design was conducted on total of 72 type 2 DM patients. Respondents were divided randomly into intervention and control group. The intervention group received a combination of BAE and foot ROM exercises, while the control group received single BAE exercises. Each group carried out leg training for two weeks with 2 training cycles per day and a total duration of 30 minutes. Before and after exercise Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) score and the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instruments (MNSI) score were assessed. Results. Combination BAE and foot ROM exercise was more effective in increasing ABI score than BAE-only exercise (pvalue 0.00). The combination of BAE and foot ROM combination was also more effective in reducing the MNSI score than BAE-only exercise (pvalue 0.00). Conclusion: Combination exercise of BAE and foot ROM is effective in improving vascularization and peripheral neuropathy as shown by improved ABI and MNSI score."

"ABSTRAK Ulkus kaki diabetik mengakibatkan mortalitas yang semakin meningkat terutamapasca amputasi, beban yang signifikan pada pembiayaan kesehatan danmenyebabkan hilangnya produktivitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuiefektivitas terapi kombinasi dari laserpunktur dan perawatan luka konvensionaldibandingkan dengan laserpunktur sham dan perawatan luka konvensionalterhadap penyembuhan ulkus kaki diabetik. Uji klinis acak tersamar ganda denganpembanding dilakukan terhadap 36 pasien yang dialokasikan ke dalam kelompokkasus atau kelompok kontrol. Tindakan laserpunktur dilakukan pada titik LI4Hegu, ST36 Zusanli, SP6 Sanyinjiao, dan KI3 Taixi bilateral serta penyinaranpada ulkus dua kali seminggu, selama empat minggu. Rerata ukuran ulkus kakidiabetik sebagai keluaran primer diukur setiap minggu. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna antara penurunan luas luka akhir dikelompok laserpunktur dan perawatan luka konvensional dengan kelompoklaserpunktur sham dan perawatan luka konvensional (p=0,006). Dapatdisimpulkan bahwa terapi kombinasi laserpunktur dan perawatan lukakonvensional efektif mempercepat penyembuhan ulkus kaki diabetik denganfrekuensi terapi dua kali seminggu. ABSTRACT Diabetic foot ulcers result in mortality is increasing, especially after theamputation, a significant burden on health financing and lead to loss ofproductivity. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the combinationtherapy between laserpuncture and conventional wound care compared withsham laserpuncture and conventional wound treatment for healing diabetic footulcers. Double-blind randomized clinical trial with a control carried out on 36patients allocated to the case group or control group. Laserpuncture actionsperformed on LI4 point Hegu, Zusanli ST36, SP6 Sanyinjiao and Taixi KI3bilateral as well as exposure to ulcers twice a week, for four weeks. The mean sizeof diabetic foot ulcers as the primary output is measured every week. The resultsshowed a significant difference between the reduction in wound area at the end ofthe group laserpuncture and conventional wound care compare withlaserpuncture sham group and conventional wound treatment (p = 0.006). It canbe concluded that the combination therapy laserpuncture and conventional woundcare effectively accelerate the healing of diabetic foot ulcers with frequencytherapy twice a week.;Diabetic foot ulcers result in mortality is increasing, especially after theamputation, a significant burden on health financing and lead to loss ofproductivity. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the combinationtherapy between laserpuncture and conventional wound care compared withsham laserpuncture and conventional wound treatment for healing diabetic footulcers. Double-blind randomized clinical trial with a control carried out on 36patients allocated to the case group or control group. Laserpuncture actionsperformed on LI4 point Hegu, Zusanli ST36, SP6 Sanyinjiao and Taixi KI3bilateral as well as exposure to ulcers twice a week, for four weeks. The mean sizeof diabetic foot ulcers as the primary output is measured every week. The resultsshowed a significant difference between the reduction in wound area at the end ofthe group laserpuncture and conventional wound care compare withlaserpuncture sham group and conventional wound treatment (p = 0.006). It canbe concluded that the combination therapy laserpuncture and conventional woundcare effectively accelerate the healing of diabetic foot ulcers with frequencytherapy twice a week.;Diabetic foot ulcers result in mortality is increasing, especially after theamputation, a significant burden on health financing and lead to loss ofproductivity. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the combinationtherapy between laserpuncture and conventional wound care compared withsham laserpuncture and conventional wound treatment for healing diabetic footulcers. Double-blind randomized clinical trial with a control carried out on 36patients allocated to the case group or control group. Laserpuncture actionsperformed on LI4 point Hegu, Zusanli ST36, SP6 Sanyinjiao and Taixi KI3bilateral as well as exposure to ulcers twice a week, for four weeks. The mean sizeof diabetic foot ulcers as the primary output is measured every week. The resultsshowed a significant difference between the reduction in wound area at the end ofthe group laserpuncture and conventional wound care compare withlaserpuncture sham group and conventional wound treatment (p = 0.006). It canbe concluded that the combination therapy laserpuncture and conventional woundcare effectively accelerate the healing of diabetic foot ulcers with frequencytherapy twice a week."

"ABSTRAKLuka kaki diabetik (LKD) merupakan komplikasi kronik diabetes yang meningkatkan mortalitas danmorbiditas, serta menurunkan kualitas hidup. Komplikasi makro dan mikrovaskular/mikrosirkulasimempunyai pengaruh besar terhadap kejadian LKD dan proses penyembuhannya. Kondisimikrosirkulasi dapat dinilai melalui pemeriksaan transcutaneous perfusion oxygen (TcPO2). Kondisimikrosirkulasi dipengaruhi oleh HbA1c, glukosa darah sewaktu, neuropati, fibrinogen, PAI-1,hsCRP, indeks MMP-9, indeks TcPO2, dan indeks TcPCO2, yang akan memengaruhi terbentuknyajaringan granulasi.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran HbA1c, GDS, neuropati, fibrinogen, PAI-1, hsCRP,indeks MMP-9, terhadap indeks TcPO2, indeks TcPCO2, dan indeks granulasi, serta mengetahuiperan serta indeks TcPO2 dan indeks TcPCO2 terhadap indeks granulasi pada luka kaki diabetik.Sebanyak 68 subjek LKD tanpa penyakit arteri perifer di RS dr. Cipto Mangukusumo dan beberaparumah sakit jejaring, pada Desember 2015?Desember 2016, diberikan perawatan standar dandipantau setiap minggu sebanyak 4 kali. Pada pemantauan ke-1, ke-2, dan ke-3, dilakukandokumentasi LKD, pengambilan darah vena sebanyak 7,7 mL untuk pemeriksaan fibrinogen, PAI-1,hsCRP, MMP-9, dan TIMP-1, darah arteri sebanyak 2 mL untuk pemeriksaan analisis gas darah,serta pemeriksaan TcPO2 dan TcPCO2 dengan menggunakan TCM TOSCA/CombiM monitoringsystems buatan Radiometer. Pada pemantauan ke-4, hanya dilakukan dokumentasi LKD.Pengukuran luas luka dan jaringan granulasi dinilai berdasarkan hasil dokumentasi fotografi denganmenggunakan program ImageJ. Penilaian neuropati menggunakan pemeriksaan interval RR dankecepatan hantar saraf. Data laboratorium lainnya diperoleh dari data sekunder rekam medis.Kemudian dilakukan analisis data dengan menggunakan path analysis (analisis lajur) pada datarepetitif dan SPSS pada data nonrepetitif.Berdasarkan analisis didapatkan hubungan antara peningkatan glukosa darah sewaktu, fibrinogen,dan PAI-1 dengan penurunan indeks TcPO2. Didapatkan juga hubungan antara beratnya neuropatimotorik dan sensorik, peningkatan glukosa darah sewaktu, fibrinogen, PAI-1, dan hsCRP denganpenurunan indeks granulasi. Tetapi, indeks granulasi tidak dipengaruhi oleh indeks TcPO2. IndeksTcPCO2 tidak memiliki hubungan terhadap semua variabel tersebut, kecuali hsCRP dan indeksTcPCO2 tidak memengaruhi indeks granulasi.Indeks TcPO2 pada LKD dipengaruhi oleh kadar glukosa darah sewaktu, fibrinogen, dan PAI-1,tetapi tidak memengaruhi tumbuhnya jaringan granulasi. Tumbuhnya jaringan granulasi dipengaruhioleh glukosa darah sewaktu, neuropati motorik dan sensorik, peningkatan kadar fibrinogen, PAI-1,dan hsCRP. Selain itu, indeks TcPCO2 tidak memengaruhi indeks granulasi

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ABSTRACTDiabetic foot wounds/ulcer (DFU) is chronic complication of diabetes, which increasesmortality and morbidity, and lower quality of life. Macro and microvascular/microcirculationcomplications has a great influence on DFU and healing process. Microcirculation condition canbe seen from transcutaneous perfusion oxygen (TcPO2). The growth of granulation tissue in thehealing process is determined by microcirculation condition, among others influenced byHbA1c, random blood glucose, neuropathy, fibrinogen, PAI-1, hsCRP, MMP-9 index, TcPO2index, and TcPCO2 index.This study aimed to investigatethe role of HbA1c, random blood glucose, sensory, motoric, andautonomy neuropathy, fibrinogen, PAI-1, hsCRP, MMP-9 index, TcPO2 index, TcPCO2 index,and granulation index, as well as the relationship between TcPO2 index, TcPCO2 index andgranulation index in diabetic foot wounds.As much as 68 subjects DFU without peripheral arterial disease, in Cipto MangunkusumoReferral National Hospital, on December 2015?December 2016, were given standardmanagementof diabetic foot ulcer and monitored once a week for four times. In the 1st, 2nd, and3rd monitoring, DFU was documented, then 7.7 mL of venous blood was taken for fibrinogen,PAI-1, hsCRP, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 examination, also 2 mL arterial blood for blood gasanalysis, and then examination of TcPO2 and TcPCO2was performed using TCM4TOSCA/CombiM monitoring systems made by Radiometer. In the 4th monitoring, only DFUwas documented. Wound and granulation size was measured through photographicdocumentation using ImageJ program. Neuropathy was diagnosed based on RR interval andnerve conduction velocity study. Other laboratory data were obtained from medical records. Thedata were analysed by path analysis for repetititive data and SPSS for nonrepetitive data.From analysis, there is a significant correlation between the increasing random blood glucose(RBG), fibrinogen, and PAI-1 with the decreasing of TcPO2, also found a significantrelationship between the severity of sensory and motoric neuropathy, the increasing levels ofRBG, fibrinogen, PAI-1, and hsCRP with the decreasing of granulation index. But, TcPO2 indexdoes not influence granulation index. TcPCO2 index does not have significant correlation withall these variables, except hsCRP. Moreover, TcPCO2 index also does not influence granulationindex.TcPO2 index of DFU is affected by RBG, fibrinogen, PAI-1, but does not affect the growth ofgranulation tissue. Granulation tissue?s growing is influenced by the sensory and motoricneuropathy, increased levels of fibrinogen, PAI-1, and hsCRP. Furthermore, TcPCO2 index doesnot influence granulation?s growth."

"ABSTRAKDiabetes melitus DM merupakan suatu epidemik global. Obesitas merupakan faktor risiko tersering pada terjadinya DM tipe 2. Salah satu komplikasi yang sering dialami oleh penderita DM ialah kaki diabetik. Pada pasien DM dengan obesitas dan kaki diabetik, terapi medik gizi penting untuk mencapai target berat badan, menjaga kadar glikemik, serta mencegah komplikasi DM. Selain itu pemberian nutrisi yang adekuat juga penting untuk mendukung penyembuhan luka. Pasien pada serial kasus ini berusia antara 41 ndash;59 tahun dengan dengan proporsi yang sama antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Keempat pasien memiliki status gizi obes dengan IMT sebesar 26-54,4 kg/m2. Awitan DM pada keempat pasien diketahui bervariasi antara 1-13 tahun. Terapi medik gizi diberikan sesuai dengan klinis, hasil laboratorium, dan asupan terakhir masing-masing pasien. Dari hasil pemantauan didapatkan bahwa dengan terapi nutrisi yang diberikan terjadi penurunan berat badan sebesar 3,2-4,8 kg 3,2-5,8 dan penurunan nilai HbA1c sebanyak 0,3-0,7. Selain itu juga didapatkan ukuran luka yang mengecil dan gejala neuropati berkurang. Pada pasien DM tipe 2 dengan obesitas dan kaki diabetik, terapi medik gizi yang adekuat berkaitan dengan penurunan berat badan, perbaikan kontrol glikemik, dan penyembuhan luka yang baik.

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ABSTRACT<>br>Diabetes mellitus is now a global epidemic. Obesity is a common risk factor in the occurrence of type 2 diabetes. One of the complications that are often experienced by people with diabetes is diabetic foot. In diabetic patients with obesity and diabetic foot, medical nutrition therapy is important to achieve targeted body weight, maintain glycemic levels, and prevent diabetes complications. Good nutrition is also essential for wound healing. This case series consists of four patients who are between 41-59 years old and obese with BMI of 26-54.4 kg/m2. The onset of DM in all four patients is known to vary between 1-13 years. Nutritional therapy is given in accordance with the clinical, laboratory outcomes, and patients' daily intake. It was found that medical nutrition therapy can lead to weight loss of 3.2-4.8 kg (3.2-5.8%) and decreased HbA1c by 0.3-0.7%. It was also observed that the wound size and neuropathy symptoms are reduced. Adequate medical nutrition therapy in type 2 DM patients with obesity and diabetic foot is associated with weight loss, improved glycemic control, and good wound healing."

"Neuropati diabetik merupakan salah satu komplikasi yang sering muncul pada pasien DM, terutama mereka yang selalu dalam tingkat gula darah yang tinggi dan lama menderita DM lebih dari 10 tahun. Neuropati diabetes ini juga diperberat dengan buruknya perawatan kaki dan aktifitas fisik yang rendah.. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan dengan kepatuhan pasien neuropati diabetes melakukan perawatan kaki dalam pencegahan ulkus diabetikum. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah analitik kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional . Pemilihan sampel dengan cara purposive sampling dan diteliti pada 100 responden. Uji statistik dengan menggunakan uji T-test dan Chi square. Hasilnya terdapat hubungan yang signifikan nilai dukungan keluarga terhadap kepatuhan perawatan kaki diabetes dengan p-value 0,0005, tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan nilai kejelasan informasi terhadap kepatuhan perawatan kaki diabetes dengan p-value 0,160, tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara lama menderita DM dengan nilai kepatuhan dengan p-value 0,292. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan penelitian yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan perawatan kaki diabetes dengan jumlah sampel yang lebih besar dan meneliti aspek predictor yang lebih bervariasi.

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Diabetic neuropathy is a frequent complication in patients with diabetes, especially in patients whose blood sugar level are always high, and have had diabetes for more than 10 years. Diabetic neuropathy can also be exacerbated by poor foot care and low physical activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with patient compliance with diabetic neuropathy. The design of this study is a quantitative analytical cross-sectional approach. The selections of samples were done in purposive sampling method and were studied in 100 respondents. Statistical tests using T-test and Chi square test. The results are: a significant correlation value of family support for compliance with p-value 0.0005, no significant correlation values clarity of information on diabetic foot care compliance with pvalue 0.160, no significant correlation value of long-suffering DM with diabetic foot care compliance with p-value of 0.292. Recommendation of this study is to conduct research on diabetic foot care compliance with a larger sample size and examine the predictors with more varied aspects related to the compliance of diabetic foot care."

"Kaki diabetik merupakan komplikasi pada diabetes melitus (DM) tipe 2 tersering yang menyebabkan pasien menjalankan perawatan di rumah sakit. Penyulit lain pada DM tipe 2 berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan morbiditas dan mortalitas pasien. Terapi medik gizi pada pasien DM tipe 2 dan kaki diabetik dengan berbagai penyulit berperan penting dalam kontrol glikemik, mencegah perburukan status gizi, serta perbaikan penyembuhan luka. Serial kasus ini melibatkan empat pasien DM tipe 2 dan kaki diabetik dengan berbagai penyulit yang diberikan terapi medik gizi berupa asupan energi, makronutrien, mikronutrien, nutrien spesifik, dan edukasi gaya hidup. Pasien dilakukan pemantauan selama 19 hari sesuai fase proliferasi penyembuhan luka. Satu pasien dengan ketoasidosis diabetikum, satu pasien dengan hipertensi, dan dua pasien dengan diabetic kidney disease. Kontrol glikemik keempat pasien tercapai pada akhir perawatan di rumah sakit dan tidak didapatkan penurunan berat badan yang bermakna selama masa pemantauan. Penyembuhan luka berupa luka mengering, edema berkurang, dan timbulnya jaringan granulasi didapatkan pada tiga diantara empat pasien. Satu pasien tidak didapatkan penyembuhan luka yang signifikan karena adanya stenosis multipel pembuluh darah arteri di tungkai kiri. Terapi medik gizi pada pasien DM tipe 2 dan kaki diabetik dengan berbagai penyulit berperan pada perbaikan kontrol glikemik, mencegah perburukan status gizi, dan penyembuhan luka.

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The most common cause of complication and hospitalization in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients are those associated with diabetic foot (DF). Complication of T2DM contribute to increasing morbidity and mortality. Medical nutrition therapy in patients with T2DM and DF with various complication plays an important role in management of glycemic control, worsening nutritional status, and repair wound healing. This case series include four patients T2DM and DF with various complication that given nutritional medical therapy consisting of energy intake, macronutrients, micronutrients, spesific nutrient, and healthy lifestyle education. Patients was monitored for 19 days according to the proliferation phase of wound healing. One patient with diabetic ketoacidosis, one patient with hypertension, and two patients with diabetic kidney disease. All patients got glycemic control during hospitalization. No significant weight loss was observed during monitoring period. Wounds in three of the four patients appeared to heal with dry wound, reduced edema, and formation of granulation tissue. One patient found insignificant wound healing due to multiple arterial stenosis in the left leg. Medical nutrition therapy with type 2 diabetes and diabetic foot with various complications plays an important role in management of glycemic control, preventing worsening nutritional status, and repair wound healing."