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"[ABSTRAKIntelligent Transportation System (ITS) adalah salah satu teknologi yang mengintegrasikan antar sistem informasi dan teknologi komunikasi dengan infrastruktur transportasi, kendaraan, dan pengguna jalan. Salah satu implementasi teknologi Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) adalah Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET). VANET merupakan sistem komunikasi kendaraan yang mendukung untuk komunikasi Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) dan Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V). Sebagai bagian dari Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), komunikasi kendaraan dalam jaringan VANET dapat lebih efektif dalam menghindari kecelakaan dan kemacetan lalu lintas dari pada jika setiap kendaraan mencoba untuk memecahkan masalah ini secara individual.Standar IEEE 1609.4 didefinisikan sebagai mode operasi Multikanal jaringan VANET pada lapisan Medium Access Control (MAC) yang terdiri dari tujuh kanal frekuensi yang berbeda, yaitu satu kanal CCH178 akan dialokasikan untuk Control Channel (CCH), yang digunakan sebagai kanal publik untuk aplikasi keamanan yang relevan di jalan. Enam kanal ya ng lainnya dialokasikan untuk Service Channel (SCH), yang digunakan sebagai kanal untuk menangani layanan multimedia dan yang tidak berhubungan dengan keamanan di jalan. Salah satu permasalahan dalam penjaminan kinerja pada IEEE 1609.4 adalah tingginya mobilitas node kendaraan dan perubahan lintasan yang berbeda. Hal ini menyebabkan delay yang tinggi dan throughput yang rendah. Peningkatan kinerja pada standar IEEE 1609.4 dapat dilakukan dengan optimasi pada proses sinkronisasi interval kanal CCH dan SCH.Pada disertasi ini dikembangkan model baru Markov chain yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kinerja sistem koordinasi kanal dinamis pada standar multikanal IEEE 1609.4 terhadap pengaruh anomali kinerja, slot anomali, efek Doppler, fading Nakagami dan AWGN. Perbaikan kinerja yang dilakukan terhadap pengaruh diatas adalah dengan menggunakan nilai awal optimal Contention Window (CW). Penentuan nilai awal CW akan mempengaruhi kinerja yang dihasilkan pada model Markov chain yang digunakan. Nilai awal optimal CW didapatkan dari hasil distribusi node di setiap zone dengan menggunakan distribusi Poisson.Dari hasil simulasi dan evaluasi kinerja yang dihasilkan, dapat dianalisa bahwa model DCF yang diajukan pada disertasi ini dapat menurunkan nilai delay transmisi CCH terhadap adanya kanal propagasi Nakagami dengan rata-rata (mean) sebesar 16.84 %. Selanjutnya, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kinerja yang dihasilkan pada model Markov chain dengan menggunakan nilai awal optimal CW didapatkan meningkatkan nilai Aggregate Throughput sebesar 42.53% dibandingkan dengan model yang diajukan oleh Wang. Sedangkan model DCF yang diajukan meningkatkan nilai probabilitas transmisi paket WAVE Service Advertisement (WSA) terhadap fenomena anomalous slot dengan persentase kenaikan rata-rata (mean) sebesar 11.35 %. Selanjutnya, dapat dianalisa bahwa model DCF yang diajukan meningkatkan nilai interval waktu dari akses contention kanal CCH terhadap efek Doppler dengan persentase kenaikan rata-rata (mean) sebesar 11.31 %;

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ABSTRACTIntelligent Transportation System (ITS) is one of the technologies that integrate information systems and communication technologies with transportation infrastructures, vehicles and road users. One implementation of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET). VANET is a vehicle communication system which supports Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) and Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communication. As a part of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), vehicles communication in VANET networks can be more effective in avoiding accidents and traffic congestion than if each vehicle try to solve this problem individually.The IEEE 1609.4 standard is defined as the multichannel operation mode of VANET on Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. One of the problems in guaranteeing the performance of the IEEE 1609.4 is the high vehicular node mobility and different trajectory changes. These cause high delay and low throughput. Services Quality assurance to the IEEE 1609.4 standard can be done using optimizing the synchronization process of CCH and SCH channel intervals so that delay can be reduced and throughput saturation of SCH channel can be increased.In this dissertation a new model of the Markov chain will be developed which aims to evaluate the performance of dynamic channel coordination system on the IEEE 1609.4 multichannel standard against performance anomalies influences, slot anomalies, the Doppler Effect, Nakagami fading and Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN). The performance improvements that is done to the effect above is to use the optimal initial value of Contention Window (CW). This is consistent with previous studies that have been done, the determination of the initial value of Contention Window (CW) will affect the resulting performance of the used Markov chain model. Optimal initial value Contention Window (CW) is obtained from the distribution of nodes in each zone by using the Poisson distribution.From the simulation and performance evaluation results, it can be concluded that the DCF model in this dissertation can reduce the CCH transmission delay against the propagation channel Nakagami with an average of 16.84%. Moreover, it can be concluded that the performance of the resulting Markov chain model using the optimal initial value obtained CW increases value Aggregate Throughput of 42.8% against the effects of the anomaly performance. Meanwhile, the probability of packet transmission WSA influenced by anomalous slot with the percentage of mean increases approximately 11.35 %. Furthermore, it can be analyzed that the DCF model proposed result is the time interval CCH access contention influenced by anomalous slot with the percentage of mean increases approximately 11.31%;Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is one of the technologies that integrate information systems and communication technologies with transportation infrastructures, vehicles and road users. One implementation of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET). VANET is a vehicle communication system which supports Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) and Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communication. As a part of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), vehicles communication in VANET networks can be more effective in avoiding accidents and traffic congestion than if each vehicle try to solve this problem individually.The IEEE 1609.4 standard is defined as the multichannel operation mode of VANET on Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. One of the problems in guaranteeing the performance of the IEEE 1609.4 is the high vehicular node mobility and different trajectory changes. These cause high delay and low throughput. Services Quality assurance to the IEEE 1609.4 standard can be done using optimizing the synchronization process of CCH and SCH channel intervals so that delay can be reduced and throughput saturation of SCH channel can be increased.In this dissertation a new model of the Markov chain will be developed which aims to evaluate the performance of dynamic channel coordination system on the IEEE 1609.4 multichannel standard against performance anomalies influences, slot anomalies, the Doppler Effect, Nakagami fading and Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN). The performance improvements that is done to the effect above is to use the optimal initial value of Contention Window (CW). This is consistent with previous studies that have been done, the determination of the initial value of Contention Window (CW) will affect the resulting performance of the used Markov chain model. Optimal initial value Contention Window (CW) is obtained from the distribution of nodes in each zone by using the Poisson distribution.From the simulation and performance evaluation results, it can be concluded that the DCF model in this dissertation can reduce the CCH transmission delay against the propagation channel Nakagami with an average of 16.84%. Moreover, it can be concluded that the performance of the resulting Markov chain model using the optimal initial value obtained CW increases value Aggregate Throughput of 42.8% against the effects of the anomaly performance. Meanwhile, the probability of packet transmission WSA influenced by anomalous slot with the percentage of mean increases approximately 11.35 %. Furthermore, it can be analyzed that the DCF model proposed result is the time interval CCH access contention influenced by anomalous slot with the percentage of mean increases approximately 11.31%, Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is one of the technologies that integrate information systems and communication technologies with transportation infrastructures, vehicles and road users. One implementation of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET). VANET is a vehicle communication system which supports Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) and Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communication. As a part of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), vehicles communication in VANET networks can be more effective in avoiding accidents and traffic congestion than if each vehicle try to solve this problem individually.The IEEE 1609.4 standard is defined as the multichannel operation mode of VANET on Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. One of the problems in guaranteeing the performance of the IEEE 1609.4 is the high vehicular node mobility and different trajectory changes. These cause high delay and low throughput. Services Quality assurance to the IEEE 1609.4 standard can be done using optimizing the synchronization process of CCH and SCH channel intervals so that delay can be reduced and throughput saturation of SCH channel can be increased.In this dissertation a new model of the Markov chain will be developed which aims to evaluate the performance of dynamic channel coordination system on the IEEE 1609.4 multichannel standard against performance anomalies influences, slot anomalies, the Doppler Effect, Nakagami fading and Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN). The performance improvements that is done to the effect above is to use the optimal initial value of Contention Window (CW). This is consistent with previous studies that have been done, the determination of the initial value of Contention Window (CW) will affect the resulting performance of the used Markov chain model. Optimal initial value Contention Window (CW) is obtained from the distribution of nodes in each zone by using the Poisson distribution.From the simulation and performance evaluation results, it can be concluded that the DCF model in this dissertation can reduce the CCH transmission delay against the propagation channel Nakagami with an average of 16.84%. Moreover, it can be concluded that the performance of the resulting Markov chain model using the optimal initial value obtained CW increases value Aggregate Throughput of 42.8% against the effects of the anomaly performance. Meanwhile, the probability of packet transmission WSA influenced by anomalous slot with the percentage of mean increases approximately 11.35 %. Furthermore, it can be analyzed that the DCF model proposed result is the time interval CCH access contention influenced by anomalous slot with the percentage of mean increases approximately 11.31%]"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bagaimana pengaruh perilaku belanja konsumen apabila melakukan perbelanjaan menggunakan metode pembayaran “Buy-Now-Pay-Later” sebagai inovasi terbaru metode pembayaran online. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, penelitian ini mendasarkan analisisnya pada beberapa teori utama, yaitu konsep efek numerositas (numerosity effect); perceived expensiveness, dan rasa sakit saat membayar (pain of payment concept) yang berperan sbagai mediasi antara metode pembayaran paylater dan perilaku konsumen. Dengan membagi pembayaran menjadi jumlah lebih kecil menggunakan paylater, rasa sakit yang dirasakan saat membayar menjadi berkurang, sehingga menyebabkan peningkatan perilaku belanja. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan penyebaran kuesioner terstruktur melalui survei online. Responden diminta untuk menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang berfokus pada situasi belanja dengan metode pembayaran paylater. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan wawasan baru mengenai implikasi metode pembayaran paylater terhadap perilaku belanja konsumen, serta bagaimana variabel mediasi berperan dalam hal ini. Penelitian ini diperoleh melalui pengolahan data menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).

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This research aims to examine how consumer shopping behavior will be affected if they use the "Buy-Now-Pay-Later" payment method as the latest innovation in online payment methods. To achieve this goal, this research bases its analysis on several main theories, namely the concept of the numerosity effect; perceived expensiveness, and pain when paying (pain of paying concept) which act as mediation between the paylater payment method and consumer behavior. By splitting payments into smaller amounts using paylater, the pain felt when paying is reduced, leading to increased shopping behavior. This research uses a quantitative approach by distributing structured questionnaires through online surveys. Respondents were asked to answer questions that focused on shopping situations with the paylater payment method. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide new insight into the implications of the paylater payment method on consumer shopping behavior, as well as how mediating variables play a role in this. This research was obtained through data processing using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)."

"In general , implementation of a MIMO-OFDM (multiple-output multiple-input orthogonal frequency divission multiplexing) technique in wireless communications systems is conducted in coherent chanel condition with an estimation chanel scheme...."

"Program PEMP KKP bertujuan meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat pesisir melalui penguatan Lembaga Keuangan Mikro (LKM), serta penggalangan partisipasi masyarakat berbasis sumber daya lokal. Program tersebut dirancang menggunakan pendekatan kelembagaan, yakni dengan membangun Koperasi Lembaga Ekonomi Pengembangan Pesisir - Mikro Mitra Mina (LEPP-M3). Salah satu kegiatannya adalah Swamitra Mina yang bermitra dengan Bank Bukopin. Cilincing dan Muara Gembong merupakan lokasi penerima program PEMP. Cilincing dan Muara Gembong mempunyai karekteristik yang sama yaitu wilayahnya berada di pantura, sebagian besar penduduknya berasal dari jawa, mempunyai permasalahan kredit macet yang dipengaruhi oleh cuaca yang buruk, serta permasalahan rentenir. Namun kredit bermasalah yang terjadi di Swamitra Mina Pantura Jaya lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan Swamitra Mina Mitra Usaha. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis proses faktor-faktor yang menjadi pendukung dan kendala di 2 swamitra mina, menganalisis dampak program PEMP terhadap peningkatan kesejahteraan, dan memberikan masukan/rekomendasi untuk perbaikan program di 2 swamitra mina tersebut, melalui analisis kualitatif dan analisis SWOT. Penelitian ini menggambarkan karakteristik masyarakat Cilincing dan Muara Gembong, serta menguraikan kinerja Swamitra Mina Pantura Jaya dan Swamitra Mina Mitra Usaha. Selanjutnya dilakukan identifikasi permasalahan, penentuan skala prioritas permasalahan berdasarkan pohon masalah, kemudian menentukan alternatif solusi yang dianalisa dengan SWOT untuk didapatkan solusi terbaik. Berdasarkan hasil penetapan solusi terbaik maka diusulkan rekomendasi dengan membuat skenario action plan. Rekomendasi tersebut adalah penyelesaian kredit bermasalah melalui rescheduling, reconditioning, dan restructuring.

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This thesis has aim generally to analyze the implementation of Economic Empowerment for Coastal Community (PEMP) Program by describing, identifying and analyzing the project recipients, Swamitra Mina Pantura Jaya and Swamitra Mina Mitra Usaha. PEMP Program which was initiated by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Republic of Indonesia conducted with purpose to increase coastal community welfare through empowering Micro Finance Institution (LKM) and enhancing community?s participation in economic activites by using local resources. This program has employed institutional-based approach by establishing a Cooperative institution namely Koperasi Lembaga Ekonomi Pengembangan Pesisir - Mikro Mitra Mina (LEPP-M3) which together with Bank Bukopin launched Swamitra Mina sheme. Cilincing and Muara Gembong as recipent location have a same condition as follows: located along north java seaside, predominantly with small scale and seasonal fisher's from javanese ethnic, and have a longtime problem with rentenir (lender money). All these factors have considerable role in creating credit problem although, based on the observation, credit problem in Swamitra Mina Pantura Jaya Group is smaller than Swamitra Mina Mitra Usaha. This thesis has purposes i.e: (i) to analyze factors that have contribution to the credit problem of these two group of fisheres (ii) to analyze the impact of PEMP Program to the community welfare and (iii). To provide recommmendation for the project implementation improvement. In achievening the purposes, this thesis will emply SWOT analysis. At the outset, this thesis identify the problem and prioritize the problem scale by using problem tree. Best alternative solutions will be determined by using SWOT. Based on the study, the best solution recommended to overcome fishers? credit problem is to make action plan which consider rescheduling, reconditioning, and restructuring as problem solving."

"Tesis ini dibuat untuk memastikan apakah metode dollar-weighted-return (DWR) sesuai untuk mengukur imbal hasil investor yang sebenarnya pada sahamsaham JII (Jakarta Islamic Index). Time-weighted-return (TWR) yang lebih umum digunakan pada dasarnya adalah imbal hasil buy-and-hold. Padahal, imbal hasil investor saham juga tergantung pada arus modal dari dan ke investor sepanjang periode investasi. Maka, TWR tidak sesuai untuk mengukur imbal hasil investor saham yang melakukan active trading sepanjang periode investasi. Sementara, DWR dihitung sebagai internal rate of return (IRR) dari sebuah proyek investasi dengan memperhitungkan arus modal di setiap periode. Karena itu, DWR lebih sesuai untuk mengukur kinerja investasi dari sisi pandang investor.Hasil empiris menunjukkan bahwa TWR dari saham-saham JII lebih besar daripada DWR. Selisihnya (tahunan) adalah 2%. Hasil penelitian ini juga menemukan korelasi antara arus modal investor dengan imbal hasil sebelum dan sesudah, yang menunjukkan bahwa investor saham-saham JII cenderung melakukan active trading secara reaktif, yaitu menambah modal setelah imbal hasil yang tinggi dan sebelum imbal hasil yang rendah. Maka, temuan dari tesis ini memastikan bahwa DWR sesuai untuk mengukur imbal hasil investor saham-saham JII.

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This thesis is developed to test whether dollar-weighted-return (DWR) method is suitable for measuring actual investor?s returns on JII (Jakarta Islamic Index) stocks. The time-weighted-return (TWR), that is more commonly used is basically buy-and-hold return. However, the returns of stock investor also depend on the capital flow from and to investors during the investment period. Thus, TWR is not suitable to measure return of the stocks for investors who perform active trading during the investment period. On the other hand, DWR is computed as internal rate of return (IRR) from an investment project by taking into account the capital flow in every period. Therefore, DWR is suitable for measuring investment performance from the investor?s point of view.The empirical result shows that TWR of JII stocks is higher than its DWR. The annual difference is 2%. The result of this study also find correlation between investors? capital flow with past and future return, which shows investors of JII stocks tend to perform active trading reactively, i.e., add capital after high return and before low return. Thus, the finding of this thesis ensures that DWR is suitable to measure actual investor?s returns on JII stocks."

"Akses terhadap informasi rahasia perlu diatur dan dibatasi supaya tidak jatuh kepada pihak yang tidak berkepentingan. Salah satu metode yang mengatur akses tersebut adalah skema pembagian rahasia. Skema pembagian rahasia merupakan suatu skema dimana hanya anggota kelompok (partisipan) dengan kualifikasi tertentu saja yang dapat merekonstruksi informasi rahasia. Koleksi dari subset partisipan yang berkualifikasi disebut struktur akses. Skema pembagain rahasia yang dapat direpresentasikan dengan graf disebut sebagai skema pembagian rahasia graphical. Skema ini dapat diperluas dengan menggunakan hipergraf, yang merupakan bentuk lebih umum dari graf. Skema yang direpresentasikan dengan hipergraf adalah salah satu bentuk dari skema pembagian rahasia nongraphical. Tesis ini akan membahas mengenai perbandingan dari skema pembagian rahasia yang berdasarkan struktur akses Γ dan srtuktur terlarang ∆ pada hipergraf 3-uniform serta information rate dari kedua konstruksi skema pembagian rahasia.

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Access for secret information shall be limited and arranged that not be accepted to not important people. One of the method to arranged this access is secret sharing scheme. Secret sharing scheme is a method which allow a secret to be share among a set of participants in such a way that only qualified subsets or participant can recover the secret. The collection of qualified subsets is called access structure. The scheme that can be represented by graph is called graphical secret sharing scheme. More general from graph, represented by hypergraph, is one of the scheme called non graphical secret sharing scheme. In this thesis will presents the comparison analysis of secret sharing scheme between access structure Γ and prohibited structure ∆ based on 3-uniform hypergraph, including the information rate of that schemes."

"Pipa merupakan sarana transportasi yang tepat untuk mengangkut heavy oil. Fluida non-Newtonian heavy oil memiliki karakteristik fluida shear-thinning. Namun, kendala yang muncul dalam penggunaan pipa sebagai media transportasi heavy oil adalah pressure drop yang tinggi sepanjang pipa. Penyebab dari tingginya pressure drop karena heavy oil memiliki viskositas yang besar sehingga dibutuhkan biaya dan konsumsi energi yang besar juga. Salah satu teknologi yang digunakan di industri migas untuk mengurangi pressure drop tinggi adalah metode core annular flow (CAF). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membandingkan penghematan energi aliran laminar pada heavy oil 1 fase dengan metode CAF pada geometri pipa Y-junction. Juga menganalisis hidrodinamika aliran heavy oil 1 fase dalam pipa menggunakan simulasi computational fluid dynamics (CFD) pada ANSYS Fluent Student dengan model viskositas Carreau. Penghematan energi dihitung menggunakan konsumsi energi, power reduction factor, danpressure drop reduction. Penghematan energi tertinggi dan terendah dihasilkan oleh geometri Y50-50 dan Y20-50. Geometri Y50-50 menghasilkan nilai pressure drop reduction hingga 92,91% dengan penghematan energi sebesar 79,30%. Pressure drop tertinggi dihasilkan pada geometri Y50-20 karena mengalami penyempitan pada intersection pipa.

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A pipeline is an efficient tool for transporting heavy oil. Non-Newtonian heavy oil fluid has the characteristics of a shear-thinning fluid. However, due to its high viscosity, the constraint of using pipelines to transport heavy oil is the high-pressure drop along the pipe. The cause of a high-pressure drop of heavy oil affects the cost and energy consumption. The core annular flow (CAF) method is a technology familiar in the oil and gas industry to reduce pressure drop in pipelines. In this study, energy savings have been served to compare the savings between single-phase oil laminar flow and the CAF method through a Y-junction pipe. Also, to analyze hydrodynamics of heavy oil flow through pipe using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation in ANSYS Fluent Student with Carreau model viscosity. Energy savings are calculated by consumption energy, power reduction factor, and pressure drop reduction. The highest and lowest energy savings are produced by Y50-50 and Y20-50 geometry, respectively. Y50-50 generates pressure drop reduction by 92.91% with energy savings of 79.30%. On the other hand, Y50-20 has the highest pressure drop due to sudden contraction in the intersection of the pipe."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi-kondisi yang mengindikasikan terjadinya Ponzi scheme dan affinity fraud pada bisnis biro perjalanan umrah PT First Anugerah Karya First Travel dan mengetahui faktor-faktor signifikan yang mempengaruhi jemaah First Travel menjadi korban fraud. Penelitian ini merupakan metode campuran dengan menggunakan data primer dan sekunder. Data primer yang diperoleh dari wawancara dan kuesioner dan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari artikel koran online diolah dengan metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil olah data kualitatif, diketahui bahwa indikasi terjadinya Ponzi scheme pada bisnis First Travel adalah menjual paket umrah yang too good to be true, skema bisnis dirahasiakan, menggunakan endorsement, memiliki agen, memberikan kuota fiktif, dan pengembalian uang setoran jemaah sulit. Kemudian, indikasi affinity fraud pada bisnis First Travel adalah kesamaan agama antara pelau dan korban, penghianatan kepercayaan, kebenaran sosial, dan timbal balik ke komunitas. Berdasarkan hasil Structural Equation Modelling, faktor signifikan yang mempengaruhi kerentanan jemaah First Travel menjadi korban affinity fraud First Travel adalah kecenderungan sikap mudah tertipu.

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Abstract This study aims to determine the conditions that indicate the occurrence of Ponzi scheme and affinity fraud on the Umrah business agency PT First Anugerah Karya First Travel and the significant factors that affect the First Travel congregation being the fraud victims. This research is a mixed method whereby the primary and secondary data are utilized. The primary data obtained from interviews and questionnaires while the secondary data obtained from online newspaper articles which are processed using qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative data results show that of Ponzi scheme red flags in First Travel business are selling umrah package which is too good to be true, keeping secret the business scheme, using endorsement, irrational exuberance, having agents, offering fake limited offerings, and difficult on refund process. The red flags of affinity fraud are the same religion between the fraudster and the victims, exploiting trust, social truth, and contribution to community. Based on the quantitative data, the significant factors affecting the vulnerability of First Travel congregation to the victims of affinity fraud First Travel is the tendency of gullibility."