Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Penghitungan Estimated Blood Loss (EBL) berdasarkan rumus Allowable Blood Loss (ABL) dengan target hemoglobin tertentu, kerap dijadikan panduan untuk memutuskan secara cepat transfusi intraoperatif. Penghitungan EBL mengandalkan penilaian visual sulit untuk distandardisasi. Seiring perkembangan teknologi, Point of Care Testing (POCT) makin memudahkan pemeriksaan hemoglobin. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan akurasi penghitungan hemoglobin intraoperatif antara EBL dan POCT, dibandingkan dengan Hematology Analyzer yang merupakan pengukuran baku di laboratorium. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan Uji Bland-Altman pada pengukuran hemoglobin intraoperatif terhadap pasien yang menjalani operasi elektif yang diperkirakan mengalami banyak perdarahan dan memerlukan transfusi, di Instalasi Bedah Pusat (IBP) RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo, antara Desember 2014 hingga Maret 2015. Subjek penelitian dipilih dengan metode consecutive sampling. Saat penghitungan EBL mencapai ABL dengan target Hb 7 g/dL sebelum transfusi diberikan, sampel darah diambil untuk pengukuran hemoglobin dengan Sysmex XE-2100® sebagai Hematology Analyzer dan HemoCue® Hb 201+ sebagai POCT. Hasil: Sebanyak 43 subjek diikutsertakan dalam penelitian. Uji Bland-Altman Hb ABL (7 g/dL) terhadap Hb Sysmex. Interval yang dianggap akurat terhadap kadar Hb 7 g/dL adalah -1 hingga 1, diperoleh limits of agreement yang besar yaitu -2,267 hingga 2,467. Uji Bland-Altman Hb HemoCue terhadap Hb Sysmex, diperoleh limits of agreement yang kecil yaitu -0.418 hingga 0.372. Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna dalam akurasi penghitungan hemoglobin intraoperatif antara EBL dengan Hematology Analyzer, sedangkan pengukuran dengan HemoCue® Hb 201+ sebagai perangkat POCT, mempunyai keakuratan yang baik. EBL berdasarkan rumus ABL dengan target Hb 7 g/dL tidak bisa digunakan untuk pengambilan keputusan transfusi intraoperatif karena tidak mempunyai keakuratan yang baik.

---

ABSTRACTBackground: Measurement of Estimated Blood Loss (EBL) based on the Allowable Blood Loss (ABL) formula with certain hemoglobin target is often used as a guidance to make a fast decision for intraoperative transfusion. Measurement of EBL relies on visual assessment is difficult to standardized and a new technique called Point of Care Testing (POCT) offered easier way to measure haemoglobin. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of the intraoperative hemoglobin measurement by EBL and POCT with Hematology Analyzer in the laboratory as a golden standard. Methods: This study used a Bland-Altman test on intraoperative hemoglobin measurement in patients undergoing elective surgery which was expected to experience a lot of bleeding and require blood transfusions in Center Operating Theater of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from December 2014 until March 2015. Subjects were selected by consecutive sampling method. When EBL had reached ABL with a Hb level target 7 g / dL before transfusion was given, blood samples were taken for measurement of hemoglobin with Sysmex XE-2100® as Hematology Analyzer and HemoCue® Hb 201+ as POCT. Results: A total of 43 subjects were included in the study. Bland-Altman analysis of Hb EBL (7 g / dL) to Hb Hematology Analyzer with interval considered as accurate for Hb 7 g / dL was -1 to 1, revealed wide limits of agreement (-2.267 to 2.467). Bland-Altman analysis of Hb POCT to Hb Hematology Analyzer revealed narrow limits of agreement (-0418 to 0372). Conclusion: There was a significant difference in the accuracy of intraoperative hemoglobin measurement by EBL compared to Hematology Analyzer, while the measurement by POCT device had good accuracy. EBL based on the formula ABL with a Hb level target 7 g / dL could not be used for intraoperative transfusion decision making because it did not has good accuracy., Background: Measurement of Estimated Blood Loss (EBL) based on the formulaAllowable Blood Loss (ABL) with certain hemoglobin target, is often used as aguidance to make a quick decision for intraoperative transfusion. Measurement ofEBL relies on visual assessment cannot be standardized. As developingtechnology, Point of Care Testing (POCT) makes hemoglobin measurementeasier. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of the intraoperativehemoglobin measurement by EBL and POCT with Hematology Analyzer in thelaboratory as a golden standard.Methods: This study used a Bland-Altman test on intraoperative hemoglobinmeasurement in patients undergoing elective surgery that was expected toexperience a lot of bleeding and need transfusion in Center Operating Theater ofCipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from December 2014 until March 2015. Subjectswere selected by consecutive sampling method. When EBL had reached ABLwith a Hb level target 7 g / dL before transfusion was given, blood samples weretaken for measurement of hemoglobin with Sysmex XE-2100® as HematologyAnalyzer and HemoCue® Hb 201+ as POCT.Results: A total of 43 subjects were included in the study. Bland-Altman analysisof Hb EBL (7 g / dL) to Hb Hematology Analyzer with interval considered asaccurate for Hb 7 g / dL was -1 to 1, revealed wide limits of agreement (-2.267 to2.467). Bland-Altman analysis of Hb POCT to Hb Hematology Analyzer revealednarrow limits of agreement (-0418 to 0372).Conclusion: There was a significant difference in the accuracy of intraoperativehemoglobin measurement by EBL compared to Hematology Analyzer, while themeasurement by POCT device had good accuracy. EBL based on the formulaABL with a Hb level target 7 g/dL could not be used for intraoperative transfusion decision making because it did not has good accuracy.]"

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Nilai hemoglobin masih dijadikan parameter dalam menentukan transfusi atau tidak walaupun tidak mengabaikan pertimbangan klinis. Namun, pada kenyataannya pemeriksaan nilai hemoglobin pascaoperasi sulit dilakukan karena keterbatasan alat dan membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama sehingga ketika hasil pemeriksaan nilai hemoglobin didapatkan sudah tidak sesuai dengan kondisi terkini. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan pendekatan berupa perkiraan dalam menetukan nilai hemoglobin pascaoperasi. Nilai perkiraan hemoglobin selama ini hanya terpaku dengan berapa jumlah perdarahan yang terjadi, padahal ada faktor lain yang memengaruhi, salah satunya pemberian cairan intraoperasi.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan desain analitik retrospektif dengan pengambilan data dari status pasien yang menjalani prosedur Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM) di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo sejak 1 Januari 2012 sampai 31 Desember 2014. Dilakukan pencatatan berupa identitas, umur, jenis kelamin, berat badan, nilai hemoglobin praoperasi, jumlah perdarahan intraoperasi, jumlah cairan intraoperasi, jumlah urin output intraoperasi, dan nilai hemoglobin pascaoperasi. Dilakukan analisis bivariat untuk masing-masing variabel dan kemudian akan dilanjutkan dengan analisis multivariat regresi linier.Hasil: Dari 103 sampel penelitian didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara asupan cairan intraoperasi dengan perubahan nilai hemoglobin pascaoperasi (p=0.208, r=0.035) dan jumlah perdarahan intraoperasi dengan perubahan nilai hemoglobin pascaoperasi (p=0.297, r=0.002). Pada uji ANOVA didapatkan nilai p sebesar 0.039. Sebenarnya rumus layak untuk dibuat. Namun nilai Adjusted R square sebesar 3 % yang artinya persamaan yang diperoleh hanya mampu menjelaskan perubahan nilai hemoglobin pascaoperasi sebesar 3 %.Simpulan: Perubahan nilai hemoglobin pascaoperasi tidak dapat dapat diprediksi dari asupan cairan dan perdarahan pada Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM) di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo.

---

ABSTRACTBackground: Hemoglobin level is still a valid parameter to help decision in blood transfusion, eventhough its use is in conjunction with clinical decision. In reality, postoperative hemoglobin level is difficult to be done because of two reasons: the limitation of the tools and time consuming. At the moment the result is obtained, its result is different with current clinical condition. Therefore, we need tools to predict postoperative hemoglobin level. At present, hemoglobin prediction level is only looks at bleeding volume, eventhough there is still other factor such as intraoperative fluid intake.Methods: This study is a retrospective analytic design using data from medical record of the patients undergo the Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM) procedure at Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital since January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2014. We record the identity, age, sex, weight, preoperative hemoglobin level, the volume of intraoperative blood loss, the volume of intraoperative fluids, the volume of intraoperative urine output, and postoperative hemoglobin level. Each variable will be analyzed using bivariate analysis, and then continued with multivariate linear regression analysis.Results: Data from 103 samples showed a significant relationship between intraoperative fluid intake with the value of the postoperative hemoglobin (p = 0.208, r = 0.035), and the number of intraoperative blood loss with the value of the postoperative hemoglobin (p = 0.297, r = 0.002). ANOVA shows p value of 0.039. Eventhough the formula could be made, the Adjusted R square value of 3%, means the equation only could explain 3%changes in postoperative hemoglobin level.Conclusions: Postoperative hemoglobin value changes can not predicted with fluid intake and blood loss in Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM) at Cipto mangunkusumo hospital., Background: Hemoglobin level is still a valid parameter to help decision in blood transfusion, eventhough its use is in conjunction with clinical decision. In reality, postoperative hemoglobin level is difficult to be done because of two reasons: the limitation of the tools and time consuming. At the moment the result is obtained, its result is different with current clinical condition. Therefore, we need tools to predict postoperative hemoglobin level. At present, hemoglobin prediction level is only looks at bleeding volume, eventhough there is still other factor such as intraoperative fluid intake.Methods: This study is a retrospective analytic design using data from medical record of the patients undergo the Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM) procedure at Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital since January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2014. We record the identity, age, sex, weight, preoperative hemoglobin level, the volume of intraoperative blood loss, the volume of intraoperative fluids, the volume of intraoperative urine output, and postoperative hemoglobin level. Each variable will be analyzed using bivariate analysis, and then continued with multivariate linear regression analysis.Results: Data from 103 samples showed a significant relationship between intraoperative fluid intake with the value of the postoperative hemoglobin (p = 0.208, r = 0.035), and the number of intraoperative blood loss with the value of the postoperative hemoglobin (p = 0.297, r = 0.002). ANOVA shows p value of 0.039. Eventhough the formula could be made, the Adjusted R square value of 3%, means the equation only could explain 3%changes in postoperative hemoglobin level.Conclusions: Postoperative hemoglobin value changes can not predicted with fluid intake and blood loss in Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM) at Cipto mangunkusumo hospital.]"

"Kurangnya pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang tablet tambah darah berkontribusi terhadap ketidakpatuhan terapi. Leaflet dan SMS reminder merupakan media yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan terapi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menilai efektifitas pemberian SMS reminder dibandingkan leaflet terhadapkepatuhan minum tablet tambah darah dan kadar hemoglobin ibu hamil. Penelitian merupakan eksprimen semu, prospektif, menggunakan dua kelompok intervensiyang tidak berpasangan dengan pre test-post test group design. Penelitian dilakukan di dua Puskesmas kota Depok pada bulan Maret-Mei 2016. Sebanyak 38 respondenibu hamil di Puskesmas Sukmajaya mendapatkan leaflet dan 36 responden ibu hamil di Puskesmas Pancoran Mas mendapatkan SMS reminder. Pengukuran kepatuhan menggunakan kuesioner MMAS-8. Kadar hemoglobin diukur dengan HemoCue®. Pemberian leaflet meningkatkan kepatuhan responden secara bermakna (P = 0,018) tetapi tidak bermakna meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin ratarata(P = 0,553). 19 responden kelompok leaflet mengalami kenaikan kadar hemoglobin dengan rata-rata kenaikan 0,6 g/dl. Pemberian SMS reminder tidak meningkatkan kepatuhan responden dan kadar hemoglobin secara bermakna (P = 0,180 dan P = 0,798). 17 responden kelompok SMS reminder mengalami kenaikan kadar hemoglobin dengan rata-rata kenaikan 1,1 g/dl. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara pemberian leaflet dan SMS reminder terhadap peningkatan kepatuhan dan kadar hemoglobin responden (P = 0,576 dan P = 0,929).

---

Lack of knowledge among pregnant women about iron supplementation contributes to poor compliance to the therapy. The use of media such as leaflet and SMS reminder can be used to improve compliance. This study aims to assess effectiveness of SMS reminder than leaflet on compliance of iron supplementation and hemoglobin level in pregnant women. This was a quasi-experimental study, prospectives, using two intervention groups with a pretest-posttest group design. The study was conducted between March and May 2016 in two public health center in Depok city. A total of 38 respondents in Sukmajaya get a leaflet and 36 respondents in Pancoran Mas get SMS reminders. Patient's compliance was measured by MMAS-8 quesionaire. Hemoglobin level was measured by HemoCue®. Leaflet improved patient's compliance significantly (P=0,018) but did not significantly increase the average hemoglobin level (P=0,553). 19 respondents in leaflet group experienced an increase in hemoglobin levels with an average 0.6 g/dl. SMS reminder didn't improve patient’s compliance neither did hemoglobin level significantly (P=0,180 dan P=0,798). 17 respondents in SMS reminder group experienced an increase in hemoglobin levels with an average 1.1 g/dl. There were no difference between leaflet and SMS reminder to improve patient’s compliance and hemoglobin level (P=0,576 dan P=0,929).

"

"Pemeriksaan hemoglobin umum dilakukan secara invasif menggunakan berbagai metode, seperti automated hematology analyzer dan hemoglobinometer. Akan tetapi metode tersebut memakan waktu, biaya, dan menyakitkan bagi pasien. Pemeriksaan hemoglonin secara invasif juga tidak memungkinkan untuk dilakukan secara real-time dalam situasi mendesak. Akurasi dan ketepatan pembacaan menjadi tantangan dalam pengembangan sistem pengukur konsentrasi hemoglobin non-invasif. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengembangan dua desain sistem pengukur hemoglobin non-invasif (desain prototipe A dan desain prototipe B) menggunakan prinsip photoplethysmography (PPG) menggunakan sensor MAX30102 dan Arduino Uno sebagai mikrokontroler. Pengembangan prototipe dibuat berbasis machine learning dengan menggunakan model Dense Neural Network (DNN) dan menunjukkan akurasi paling maksimal menggunakan MSE loss function sebesar 92,31% untuk desain prototipe A dan 94,70% untuk desain prototipe B. Didapatkan juga hasil pengukuran reliabilitas alat ukur untuk desain prototipe A dan B masing-masing sebesar 84,90% dan 97,30%. Meski sudah memiliki tingkat akurasi yang cukup baik, penelitian ini masih perlu dikembangkan dari segi pemilihan alat referensi pemeriksaan Hb invasif, pengambilan dan pengolahan data yang lebih bervariasi mencakup usia, warna kulit, dan penyakit yang sedang dialami.

---

Hemoglobin examination is commonly conducted invasively using various methods such as automated hematology analyzers and hemoglobinometers. However, these methods are time-consuming, costly, and painful for patients. Invasive hemoglobin examinations also do not allow real-time measurements in urgent situations. Accuracy and precision of readings pose challenges in the development of non-invasive hemoglobin concentration measurement systems. In this study, the development of two designs of non-invasive hemoglobin measurement systems (prototype design A and prototype design B) using photoplethysmography (PPG) principle with MAX30102 sensor and Arduino Uno as the microcontroller was conducted. Prototype development was based on machine learning using a Dense Neural Network (DNN) model and achieved maximum accuracy using MSE loss function of 92,31% for prototype design A and 94,70% for prototype design B. The measurement reliability of the measurement device was also obtained, with 84,90% for prototype design A and 97,30% for prototype design B, respectively. Although the study already achieved a relatively good level of accuracy, further development is still needed in terms of selecting invasive Hb examination reference devices, obtaining and processing more diverse data including age, skin color, and existing diseases."

"Ruang Lingkup dan Cara Penelitian: Populasi Melayu di propinsi Sumatera Selatan memiliki frekuensi pembawa sifat thalassemia-R sebesar 9% (tertinggi di Indonesia) dan frekuensi Hb E sebesar 6% (Sofro, 1995). Oleh karena itu diperlukan program pencegahan thalassemia-3 berupa skrining pembawa sifat yang efektif dan efisien dengan biaya relatif murah serta spesifik untuk populasi Melayu di Sumatera Selatan, konsultasi genetik, dan diagnosis prenatal. Dengan latar belakang tersebut, dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk: (1) Menentukan nilai MCV dan MCH yang paling optimal untuk skrining pembawa sifat thalassemia-P pada populasi Melayu di Sumatera Selatan, (2) Mengetahui spektrum mutasi pembawa sifat thalassemia-P pada populasi Melayu di Sumatera Selatan, dan (3) Memperoleh kemampuan untuk memprediksi jenis mutasi thalassemia-R hanya berdasarkan nilai hematologi dan hasil analisis Hb. Pendekatan yang dilakukan terdiri dari skrining dan pengelompokan data nilai hematologi dan analisis Hb, analisis DNA dengan menggunakan teknik PCR﷓RFLP, ARMS, dan sekuensing, serta analisis korelasi terhadap hasil pemeriksaan.Hasil dan kesimpulan: Frekuensi pembawa sifat thalassemia-P pada populasi Melayu di Sumatera Selatan didapatkan sebesar 8% (termasuk Hb E). Hasil ini mengoreksi studi Sofro yang pemah dilaporkan sebelumnya. Pada penelitian ini direkomendasikan nilai MCV < 80 fL dan MCH < 27 pg untuk skrining pembawa sifat thalassemia-p pada populasi Melayu di Sumatera Selatan. Spektrum mutasi thalassemia-P pada populasi Melayu di Sumatera Selatan didominasi oleh Hb E (36,3%) dan Hb Malay (34,1%) yang merupakan jenis mutasi thalassemia-R+ ringan sehingga permasalahan thalassemia-p di propinsi Sumatera Selatan tidak sebesar yang diperkirakan. Nilai MCV dan MCH juga dapat digunakan untuk prediksi jenis mutasi thalassemia-43. Sedangkan kadar Hb A2 tidak dapat digunakan untuk prediksi jenis mutasi thalassemia-P. Kadar Hb tidak berperan dalam skrining pembawa sifat thalassemia-II."

"ABSTRAKTerapi radiasi nerupakan salahsatu cara mengobati penyakit kanker. Telah banyak usaha untuk memperbaiki teknik ini setiap waktunya terutama untuk mengurangi efek samping yang mungkin timbul selama pengobatan. Maka, pasien selama pengobatan radiasi diamati keadaan umum dan status nutrisinya, termasuk meninjau berat badan dan nilai hemoglobinnya."

"Pada penerjunan High Altitude Low Opening, pasukan dipaparkan pada ketinggian 20.000 kaki. Pada ketinggian tersebut, manusia tanpa tambahan O atau alat pelindung masih dapat melaksanakan tugasnya dengan efektif (WSE: Waktu Sadar Efektif) selama 10-20 menit. Salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi WSE adalah kadar Hb. Penelitian ini memilih disain studi korelasi dengan jenis eksperimen laboratorium tanpa kontrol, yaitu dengan memaparkan sejumlah 100 anggota PASKHAS TN1-AU sebagai subyek dalam simulator ruang udara bertekanan rendah (RUBR) setara 20.000 kaki selama 26 menit, guna meneliti tentang hubungan antara kadar Hb dan WSE, serta melihat beberapa faktor faali terhadap WSE. Subyek diminta mengerjakan soal-soal tes penjumlahan secara vertikal sepasang angka random dua digit. Apabila subyek salah menjawab dua nomor berturut-turut, atau diam tidak mengerjakan soal selama 15 detik, atau tidak melaksanakan perintah pengawas berarti titik akhir WSE tercapai. Selanjutnya dibuat analisa hubungan antara kadar Hb dan WSE, serta dilihat pengaruh beberapa faktor faali terhadap WSE.Hasil dan kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata WSE 15,46 menit, rata-rata Hb 15.08 g% (Hb 12.2 - 17.8 g%). Secara statistik univariat Hb mempunyai regresi positif sedang ( B = 0,55, p = 0,08). Pada model multivariat, Hb tidak dipengaruhi oleh variabel umur, sistolik, diastolik, denyut jantung, FVC). Denyut jantung mempunyai garis regresi negatif sedang (B =- 0,07, p = 0,05), FVC mempunyai regresi positif lemah (B= 0,55 , p = 0,56), Sistolik (B = - 0,05, p = 0,30) dan diastolik (B = -0,08, p = 0,28) kedua-duanya mempunyai regresi negatif lemah.

---

During HALO dropping, the troops were deployed at the height of 20,000 feet. It was discovered that in this altitude without extra oxygen or any other protective equipment, human being can still survive and do their task effectively for and around 10 - 20 minutes. Hb content was concluded to be one of the factors that can influence the TUC. Correlative study design with laboratory experiment without control was chosen for this research. One hundred subjects (IAF - HALO - Paratroops Candidates) were deployed for 26 minutes into altitude chamber at simulated 20,000 feet high, to investigate the correlation between Hemoglobin and TUC. Other physiological factors, which might influence the TUC, were also investigated. The subjects were requested to do kind of additive test two digits paired random numbers, vertically arranged. The end points for determination of the TUC were either (1) two consecutive mistakes in the addition test, or (2) subject stop writing for more than 15 seconds or (3) subject did not respond to the observer's instructions. The result was analyzed to evaluate the correlation between Hemoglobin and TUC, and other physiology factors, which might influence the TUC.

Result and conclusion: The mean value of TUC was 15,46 minutes, the mean value of the Hemoglobin was 15.08 g . Statistically Hemoglobin has moderate positive regression (B = 0,55, p = 0.08). The result of multivariate and univariate model analysis towards correlation between Hb and TUC were almost similar. This mean, Hb is not influence by other variables (age, systolic, diastolic, heart rate, FVC). It was concluded that Hemoglobin has moderate correlation with TUC, and heart rate has moderate negative regression (B = - 0.07, p = 0.05). FVC has weak positive regression (B = 0,55, p = 0,56), systolic (B = - 0,05, p = 0,30) and dyastolic ( B = - 0,08, p = 0,28) has weak negative regression."

"ABSTRAKRuang lingkup dan cara penelitianTingginya prevalensi anemia defisiensi besi pada wanita usia reproduksi di Indonesia. Asupan zat besi melalui makanan dan aktifitas fisik/olahraga yang berat dapat merupakan salah satu faktor penyebab anemia defisiensi besi. Telah dilakukan penelitian quasi eksperimental pada 60 siswa wanita untuk melihat pengaruh latihan fisik yang teratur dan konsumsi makanan yang didapat setiap hari terhadap kadar hemoglobin dan feritin serum di suatu pendidikan khusus selama 12 minggu. Pada awal dan akhir penelitian, kepada subjek dilakukan pemeriksaan; kesehatan, antropometri, kadar hemoglobin dan feritin serum. Sedangkan asupan makanan dan kegiatan 24 jam dinilai selama masa penelitian berlangsung. Dengan metode 3 days record dan metode faktorial.Hasi1 dan KesimpulanPada awal dan akhir penelitian didapatkan kejadian defisiensi besi dengan atau tanpa anemia dan anemia bukan defisiensi besi yang cukup tinggi. Kualitas makanan yang diterima mempunyai imbangan sumber energi yang sesuai dengan anjuran, dan kuantitas asupan zat gizi yang diteliti (lemak, protein, zat besi dan vitamin C) berada di atas nilai kebutuhan yang disesuaikan dengan kecukupan yang dianjurkan, kecuali asupan energi dan karbohidrat sedikit di bawah nilai kecukupan. Jenis aktifitas/kegiatan yang dilakukan to nnasuk kategori jenis aktifitas berat dengan keluaran energi dalam sehari sebesar 3496,88+134,21 Kal. Latihan fisik dan asupan makanan yang diterima selama penelitian ini berlangsung, dapat menurunkan berat badan dan indeks masa tubuh (p<0,05), tetapi meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin (p;0,05) dan feritin serum (p<0,05). Perubahan ini dipikirkan karena selain adanya efek konsumsi zat besi dari makanan yang diterima, jenis intensitas dan lama latihan fisik yang dilakukan, distribusi populasi subjek berdasarkan kadar hemoglobin dan feritin serum turut pula mempengaruhinya.

---

ABSTRACT

Scope and Method of Study:

The prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia in reproductive age women in Indonesia is high. Two factors involved on causing iron deficiency anaemia are food intake and hard physical training.

A quacy experimental study was done on 60 women to investigate the changes of hemoglobin and serum ferritin on women student who had regular meals and taking basic physical training during 12 weeks in special education. Physical, anthropometric examination, hemoglobin and serum ferritin concentration determination were done on each subject at the beginning and at the end of the basic special education. The evaluation of food intake and 24 hours activities were done using three days record and factorial method during this study.

Result and Conclusions:

The incidence of iron deficiency at the beginning and at the end of study were quite high, both among the anaemic and the non anaemic group. The quality of food intake was well balanced and the quantity of each nutritional element under study (fat, protein, iron and vitamin C) were above the optimal requirement, except calorie and carbohydrate were slightly below the optimal requirement. The exercises done by the subjects were categorized as heavy exercise with energy expenditure of 3496.88±134.21 calories per day. Heavy exercise and food intake during the study managed, to lower the body weight and body mass index (p<0.05) and increased the hemoglobin and serum ferritin concentrations (p<0.05). The changes were thought due to iron consumption, intensity and duration of physical training, subject population distribution according to hemoglobin and serum ferritin concentrations."

"ABSTRACTThe overall objectives of this study is to examine whether a population of healthy University of Indonesia students have different hemoglobin distribution from that of American population and if there was difference whether it is appropriate to set up a new cut-off point for anemia as a screening tools for iron deficiency in population. This study is designed as a cross-sectional study using convenience sampling procedure. A total of 214 males and 190 females were studied from January to February 1997. After data cleaning, 203 healthy Indonesian males and 170 females were eligible for data analysis. Blood samples of the subjects was drawn to analyze hemoglobin and hematocrit level, red and white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum iron concentration and total iron binding capacity, serum ferritin and zinc protoporphyrin concentration. A structured questionnaire was administered to investigate factors that could influence hemoglobin level. The mean hemoglobin was compared with that of the United States population using results of NHANES III. The result showed that the mean hemoglobin of Indonesian male was the same with the American population in NHANES Ill. While for female there are difference in mean hemoglobin between the Indonesian and American, which could lead to different cutoff criteria for anemia. However when specificity and sensitivity of the new cutoff (Hb < 11.3 g/dl) and the WHO cutoff (Hb < 12 g/dI) were compared, the result showed that the latest had a more favorable sensitivity and specificity. Thus, this survey confirmed that there is no need to develop different cutoff points for anemia as a tool for iron deficiency screening."

"Anemia didetinisikan sebagai suatu keadaan kadar hemoglobin (Hb) dalam darah lcbih rcndah daripada nilai normal untuk kclompok orang yang bersangkutan. Anemia ibu hamil berdasarkan SKRT tahun |995 sebesar 50,9%; prevalensi anemia ibu hamil di Kabupaten Kuningan tahun 2005 sebesar 62,5 %. Salah satu upaya untuk pencegahan dan penanggulangan anemia ibu hamil dengan pemberian suplemen tablet besi-folat. Selain suplemen tablet besi folat, pemerintah daerah juga menyediakan suplemcn multivitamin mineral. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh konsumsi supiemen tablet besi-folat dan suplemen multivitamin mineral terhadap kadar hemoglobin pada ibu hamil anemia di Kabupaten Kuningan Tahun 2006. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain ekspcrimen dengan randomisasi, dilakukan pada ibu hamil anemia dengan umur kehamilan trimester ll (minggu kc 16 sampai minggu ke 24) yang menderita anemia di Wilayah Kabupaten Kuningan Tahun 2006. Jumlah sampel 138 terdiri : 70 diberi suplemen tablet besi folat dan 68 diberi saplemen multivitamin mineral. Data yang dikumpulkan dam primer yang diperoleh melalui wawancara dan pengukuran. Data diuji dengan 1.1851 berpasangan dan Lies! dna mean independent. Hasil penelitian diperoleh : proporsi anemia pada ibu hamil trimester ll di Kabupaten Kuningan masih cukup tinggi (59,57 %); karakteristik ibu hamil yaitu usia ibu hamil, jamk kehamilan, paritas, latar belakang pendidikan, pekerjaan, asupan makanan, pola konsumsi makanan dan status gizi ibu hamil tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna pada kedua kelompok pcrlakuan atau dapat dikatakan homogen; terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna kadar Hb sebelum dan setelah perlakuan; terdapat kcccndcrungan pcningkatan :ata-rata kadar Hb lebih tinggi pada ibu hamil yang dibcri suplemen tablet besi folat dibandingkan ibu hamil yang diberi suplemen multivitamin mineral, tidak ada pcrbedaan yang bcmiakna kenaikan kadar Hb antara ibu hamil yang diberi suplemen tablet besi folat dan ibu hamil yang diberi suplemen multivitamin mineral, peningkatan kadar Hb lebih tinggi pada ibu hamil anemia dengan kadar llb awal yang lebih rendah karena kebutuhan tubuh akan besi berpengaruh besar terhadap absorpsi besi. Disimpulkan terdapat perbedaan yang bemtakna rata-rata kaclar Hb sebelum dan sesudah pcrlakuan pada ibu yang diberi suplemen tablet besi folat dan ibu yang diberi suplemen multivitamin mineral, tidak ada pcrbedaan yang bemtakna kenaikan kadar Hb ibu hamil yang diberi suplemen tablet besi folat dan ibu hamil yang diberi suplemen multivitamin mineral, kecendemngan peningkatan kadar Hb lebih tinggi pada ibu hamil anemia yang diberi suplemen tablet besi folat dibandingkan dengan ibu hamil anemia yang diberi suplemen multivitamin mineral, suplemen tablet besi folat maupun suplemen multivitamin mineral dapat meningkatkan kadar Hb ibu hamil anemia sama baiknya, peningkatan Radar Hb lebih tinggi pada ibu hamil anemia dengan kadat' Hb awal yang lebih rendah karena kebutuhan tubuh akan besi berpengaruh besar terhadap absorpsi besi. Disarankan penanggulangan ibu hamil anemia dapat dengan pemberian suplemen tablet besi folat maupun suplemen multivitamin mineral tetapi perlu dipertimbangkan efektivitas dari segi finansial, perlu penekanan dalam keteraturan minum suplemen. Pcmilih suplemen multivitamin mineral perlu dipertimbangkan dengan kandungan besi sesuai dengan standar WI-IO (60 mg besi) dan unsur vitamin lain yang berguna untuk meningkatkan kadar Hb ibu hamil serta mengurangi efek, melakukan penyuluhan tentang asupan makanan yang mengandung zat besi. "