Metode: Sebuah studi kohort prospektif pada 144 pasien yang menjalani FAV dalam periode 6 bulan. Variabel demografi, komorbiditas dan indeks RAV dinilai melalui analisis regresi logistik bivariat pada evaluasi akhir kematangan. RAV dibuat tiga titik desimal untuk mendapatkan akurasi maksimal pada sensitivitas terbaik dan spesifisitas pada kurva karakteristik. Uji probabilitas (nilai P) dianggap signifikan dengan P <0,05. Hasil dilaporkan sebagai odds-rasio dengan interval kepercayaan 95%.
Hasil: Didapatkan maturitas FAV pada 92 (63,89%) dari 144 pasien (P = 0,05; Interval kepercayaan 95%; 59,8%-78,6%). Pada Index RAV 0,93 - 1,14 didapatkan 86,90% FAV yang matur (P <0,001) sedangkan lebih sempit lagi pada Index RAV 1,01 - 1,06 didapatkan 100% FAV yang matur (P <0,002). Penurunan atau kenaikan indeks ini berhubungan dengan penurunan tingkat maturitas.
Kesimpulan: Teknik pengukuran ini (indeks RAV) sebagai prediktor maturitas dalam FAV disarankan untuk diteliti lebih lanjut. Studi ini menyiratkan bahwa rasio diameter antara arteri dan vena berhubungan maturitas, terlepas dari variabel lain tetap berpengaruh pada faktor mekanik dan biologis terhadap hemodinamik yang optimal (tekanan dan kecepatan) pada pematangan FAV
Kata kunci: Fistula Arterivenous, Indeks Rasio Arterivenous, Pematangan fungsional.
Objective: Preoperative doppler ultrasonography examination has become a standard to assist in making arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) as access to hemodialysis, but measurements of arteriovenous ratio index (AVR) obtained from arterial diameter and venous diameter and its application through Bernoulli's law have not been widely studied. This study to determine the relationship between the variable ratio of blood vessel diameter and predictive maturation of AVF.Method: A prospective cohort study with a view to recording 144 patients underwent AVF in period of 6 months. Demographic, comorbid and RAV index variables were assessed through bivariate logistic regression analysis at the final evaluation of maturity. AVR is made of three decimal points in order to obtain maximum accuracy for the best sensitivity and specificity on the characteristic curve. The probability test (P value) is considered significant with P <0.05. Results are reported as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.
Results: AVF maturity was obtained in 92 (63.89%) of 144 patients (P = 0.05; 95% confidence interval; 59.8%-78.6%). In the AVR Index 0,93-1,14 obtained 86,90% mature AVF (P <0.001) and more sharp AVR Index 1.01 to 1.06 obtained 100% mature AVF (P <0.002). This decrease or increase in index is related to a decrease in the level of maturity.
Conclusion: This measurement technique (AVR index) as a predictor of AVF maturity is strongly suggested for further investigation. This study implies that the minimum ratio of diameter between arteries and veins relates to maturity rate, regardless of other variables that still have an important influence on mechanical and biological factors with optimal hemodynamics (pressure and speed) in AVF maturation
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Nama | : | Kadek Yogi Mahendra |
NPM | : | 1606927734 |
Judul | : | Efektivitas Klonidin Dosis 2 Mcg/Kg di Awal Induksi Dalam Menurunkan Angka Kejadian Emergence Delirium Pada Pasien Anak yang Menjalani Operasi Mata |
Latar belakang. Emergence delirium (ED) adalah suatu kondisi yang umum terjadi, pada pasien anak-anak yang menjalani pembedahan, dimana anak menjadi sangat agitasi, memberontak, dan sulit untuk diredakan serta berpotensi membahayakan dirinya sendiri maupun orang lain, dengan insidensi di RSCM sebesar 39,7%. Etiologi, faktor resiko, dan patofisiologi diperkirakan multifaktorial. Berbagai upaya dan strategi telah diusahakan untuk mencegah kejadian tidak menyenangkan ini.
Metode. Penelitian uji klinik acak tersamar ganda pada anak usia 1-8 tahun yang menjalani operasi mata dengan anestesia umum di OK Kirana FKUI-RSCM pada bulan Januari-Maret 2020. Sebanyak 108 subjek didapatkan dengan metode konsekutif yang dirandomisasi menjadi dua kelompok. Kelompok klonidin (n = 54) mendapat klonidin 2 mcg/kgbb bolus IV lambat saat induksi anestesia, sedangkan kontrol (n = 54) mendapat NaCl 0,9%. Kejadian ED, waktu pulih, derajat nyeri, hipotensi dan bradikardia selama dan pascaoperasi dicatat. ED dinilai dengan Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED).
Hasil. Kejadian ED pada kelompok klonidin sebesar 29,6% sedangkan kontrol 31,5% (IK 95% 0,481-2,475; p=0,835). Waktu pulih kelompok klonidin memiliki nilai rerata 6 menit dibandingkan kelompok kontrol selama 5 menit (p=0,998). Nyeri sedang dirasakan pada 3,7% kelompok klonidin berbanding 0% pada kelompok kontrol. Hipotensi dialami pada 1 pasien di kelompok klonidin dan 1 pasien di kelompok kontrol, sedangkan bradikardia ditemukan pada 2 pasien di kelompok klonidin dan 3 pasien di kelompok kontrol
Simpulan. Pemberian klonidin 2 mcg/kgbb bolus IV lambat di awal induksi tidak lebih efektif dibanding plasebo dalam mencegah kejadian ED pada pasien anak yang menjalani operasi mata
Kata Kunci : emergence delirium, klonidin, kontrol, pasien anak, operasi mata, pembiusan umum
Name | : | Kadek Yogi Mahendra |
NPM | : | 1606927734 |
Title | : | Effectiveness Clonidine 2 Mcg/Kg during Anesthesia Induction to Reduce Emergence Delirium Rate in Pediatric Patient Underwent Eye Surgery |
Background. Emergence delirium (ED) is a common condition in pediatric patient after surgery, when they become agitated, difficult to calm and could be harmful for themself or people around with incidence 39,7% in RSCM. Etiology, risk factor, and patyhophysiology are multifactorial. Some effort and strategy have been attempted to reduce this unpleasant incident
Method. This was a double-blind randomized clinical trial on children aged 1-8 years old underwent eye surgery under general anesthesia in OR Kirana FKUI-RSCM on January until March 2020. One hundred eight subjects were included using consecutive sampling method and randomized into two groups. Clonidine group (n=54) was given clonidine 2 mcg/kgbw slow intravenous injection during anesthesia induction while control group (n=54) was given NaCl 0,9%. Incidence of ED, recovery time, pain scale, during and postoperative hypotension and bradycardia were observed. Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale was used to assess ED.
Result. Incidence of ED in clonidine group was 29,6% while in control group was 31,5% (IK 95% 0,481-2,475; p=0,835). Recovery time in clonidine group was 6 minutes and control group was 5 minutes (p=0,998). There was 3,7% in subject group was in moderate pain and 0% in control group. Hypotension was suffered by each 1 subject in both group and bradycardia suffered in 2 patient in clonidine group compared to 3 patients in control group
Conclusion. Administration of clonidine 2 mg/kg as a slow intravenous injection right after induction was not effective to prevent the incidence of ED in children underwent eye surgery"
