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"This volume contains a solid body of the current state of knowledge on the various themes and activities in agroforestry worldwide. It is organized into three sections, the Introduction section consists of the summaries of six keynote speeches at the 2nd World Congress of Agroforestry held in Nairobi, Kenya, in 2009, that is followed by two sections of peer-reviewed thematic chapters grouped as “Global Perspectives” (seven chapters) and “Regional Perspectives” (eleven chapters), authored by professional leaders in their respective agroforestry-related fields worldwide. A total of 130 professionals from institutions in 33 countries in both developing and the industrialized temperate regions of the world contributed to the book as chapter authors and/or reviewers. "

"This research intends to determine the profitability of rubber agroforest farmng and to compare the profitability status among different agroecological system in Karang Sakti Village of Muara Sungkai Sub-district, North Lampung, Lampung Province. The study employs survey method and the data was analyzed using two way anova and further analyzed using crosstabulation analysis The study selects 38 rubber agroforest farmers randomly.. The study shows that the highest profitability of rubber based agroforest system with intercropping of corn and cassava located in middle agroecological location, earning NPV at Rp 23.348.476. All agroforest systems on all agroecological locations are profitable, thanks to good prices of most commodity. Statistics analysis suggests that there is no profitability difference of all agroecological locations. This suggest that the agroecosystem in the study area was not sensitive to different agroecology meaning, it is applicable to any agroecology system within the boundary of study site."

"Pemanfaaatan Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu (HHBK) berupa aren dinilai belum cukup optimal karena rendahnya produktivitas gula aren yang dihasilkan. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis kesesuaian lahan budidaya tanaman aren, mengukur produktivitas tanaman aren, kontribusi terhadap pendapatan petani serta evaluasi aturan kelembagaan petani aren di Desa Baru Ranji, Kecamatan Merbau Mataram, Kabupaten Lampung Selatan. Pendekatan yang digunakan berupa kuantitatif dengan metode mixed-methods. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat kesesuaian lahan Sangat Sesuai (S1) sebesar 88,54% lahan untuk budidaya tanaman aren. Produktivitas tanaman cukup rendah sebesar 162,6 kg/ha/tahun, sehingga rata-rata kontribusi pendapatan petani aren sebesar 21% dari rata-rata pendapatan total sebesar Rp. 18.054.778/petani/tahun dan dikategorikan tidak sejahtera. Aturan kelembagaan berupa aturan konstitusional dalam agroforestri untuk pengelolaan gula aren belum disebutkan secara spesifik walaupun telah terwujud co-management hutan kemsyarakatan. Budidaya tanaman aren secara agroforestri diusung dalam peningkatan produktivitas dan perlu adanya aturan kelembagaan yang mendukung mewujudkan konsep keberlanjutan dalam agroforestri-industri gula aren berbasis hutan kemasyarakatan.

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The utilization of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) in sugar palm is considered not optimal enough due to the low productivity of the palm sugar produced. The study aimed to analyze land suitability for sugar palm cultivation, measure the productivity of palm plants, analyze contribution to palm farmers' income and evaluate institutional rules for sugar palm farmers in Baru Ranji Village, Merbau Mataram District, South Lampung Regency. The approach used is quantitative with mixed methods. The results showed that the land suitability level was Very Suitable (S1) of 88.54% for sugar palm cultivation. Plant productivity is quite low at 162.6 kg/ha/year, so the average contribution of farmers' income is 21% of the total income of Rp. 18,054,778/farmer/year and classified as not prosperous. Institutional rules in the form of constitutional rules in agroforestry for managing palm sugar have not been specifically stated, even though community forest co-management has been realized. Cultivation of palm plants filed in agroforestry increases productivity and the need for institutional rules that enable the realization of the concept of sustainability in agroforestry - a community forest-based palm sugar industry."

"AbstrakThis study tries to explore how the implementation of the Agroforestry system that is initiated by the Ministry of Forestry. The study took place in Cibulao Village, Bogor District, West Java Province, which is in a forest area. The study approach is carried out qualitatively through in-depth interviews. The Agroforestry system is intended to try to reduce forest conversion and destruction as an alternative to protect the forest and at the same time give people around the forest an opportunity to exploit the economic potential of the forest."

"Deforestasi dan degradasi hutan adalah tantangan penurunan emisi di sektor kehutanan, terutama di Pulau Jawa. Agroforestri sederhana adalah upaya pemulihan hutan yang strategis di sekitar perkotaan, seperti di Kabupaten Bogor. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah skala agroforestri sederhana kecil dan belum optimal dalam penurunan emisi karbon. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis komposisi tanaman, nilai ekonomi karbon, pendapatan dan partisipasi petani serta menyusun konsep agroforestri sederhana untuk mendukung mitigasi perubahan iklim. Pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif dengan mix method yakni, analisis keragaman spesies dan stok karbon, analisis pendapatan, analisis statistik dan Simple Additive Weighting (SAW). Hasil penelitian diperoleh komposisi agroforestri sederhana beragam, menyimpan stok karbon 57,56 ton/ha/tahun dan menyerap emisi karbon dioksida 211,23 ton CO2e/ha/tahun. Pendapatan rata-rata petani dari panen dan jasa karbon hanya Rp15.536.649,98/ha/tahun, dengan proporsi bagi hasil karbon 65% petani dan 35% KPH Bogor. Namun, peran agroforestri sederhana sangat penting dalam upaya pengamanan hutan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah pengembangan agroforestri sederhana mitigatif dapat dilakukan dengan perpaduan tanaman berkayu berdaun lebar, serba guna dan tanaman semusim yang menyerap karbon tinggi dan memberikan nilai tambah pada aspek sosial ekonomi lokal untuk mendukung mitigasi perubahan iklim.

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Deforestation and forest degradation pose challenges to emission reduction in the forestry sector, especially in Java. Simple agroforestry is a strategic forest restoration effort in urban areas, such as in Bogor Regency. The issue in this research is the small and suboptimal scale of simple agroforestry in carbon emission reduction. The objective of this research is to analyze plant composition, carbon economic value, farmer’s income and participation, and develop a simple agroforestry concept to support climate change mitigation. The research employs a quantitative approach with a mixed method, including species diversity and carbon stock analysis, income analysis, statistical analysis, and Simple Additive Weighting (SAW). The research results obtained a diverse compositions of simple agroforestry, storing carbon stock of 57,56 tons/ha and absorbing CO2 emissions 211,23 ton CO2e/Ha/year. The average income for farmers from harvests and carbon services is only Rp15,536,649.98/ha/year, with a profit-sharing proportion of 65% for farmers and 35% for the Bogor Forestry Management Unit (KPH Bogor). However, the role of simple agroforestry is crucial in forest conservation efforts. The conclusion of this research is that the development of mitigative simple agroforestry can be achieved by combining broad-leaved woody plants, multipurpose plants, and seasonal plants that absorb high carbon and provide added value to local socio-economic aspects to support climate change mitigation."

"ABSTRAKRiset ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rusaknya kondisi DAS Citarum temasuk Sub DASCisokan dan adanya penduduk khususnya petani yang mengalami rawan pangan.Permasalahan yang dihadapi adalah adanya kesenjangan antara upaya pemenuhankebutuhan pangan dan pengelolaan lingkungan berkelanjutan dengan kegiatanpertanian soot ini. Tujuan riset ini adalah untuk menentukan model agroforestriberkelanjutan yang sesuai dengan kondisi Sub DAS Cisokan untuk mendukungketahanan pangan. Pendekatan riset adalah.kuantitatif dengan metode utama survei.Analisis dilakukan. dengan mengolah data spasial dan numerik, baik data primermaupun sekunder serta permodelan. Hasil riset memperlihatkan bahwa mayoritaspetani di Sub DAS Cisokan tidak termasuk tahan pangan, secara kuantitatif statussistem agroforestri kurang berkelanjutan dan model agroforestri yang berkelanjutanadalah yang mengkombinasikan tanarnan pangan berbentuk pohon, tanamansemusim dan hewan temak besar dan ikan. Pengembangan agroforestri perlumempertimbangkan tata ruang wilayah dan penutupan/penggunaan lahan.Pengembangan pertanian monokultur sebaiknya sangat dibatasi karen a tidak sesuaidengan kaidah ilmu lingkungan. Pengembangan agroforestri harusmempertimbangkan aspek-aspek sosial, ekonomi dan lingkungan.

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ABSTRACTThe background of the research is Citatum watershed including Cisokan subwatershed very bad condition as well as local people food shortage. The problemisthe gap between food needs fulfilment efforts and sustainable environmentmanagement in one hand and agricultural practices on the other. Objective of theresearch is to define sustainable agroforestry model which suitable with Cisokansub watershed condition to support food resiJience. Research approach isquantitative and survey is the main method. Data analysis was done by processingboth data spatial and numeric, followed by modelling. The result of the researchshows that majority of the farmers are not classified as food secured,quantitativelyagroforestry is less sustainable and agoforestry model can support food resilienceif combining food trees, annual crops, livestock and freshwater fisheries.Agroforestry development should consider provincial spatial plan and existing landuse/land cover. It is recommended to limit monoculture agriculture since it is not inline with environment sustainability principles. Agroforestry development shouldconsider social, economical and ecological aspects."

"Tekanan penduduk terhadap lingkungan, disebabkan oleh migrasi, dan pertumbuhan penduduk yang mengalami tingkat kesulitan ekonomi. Tekanan terhadap Hutan Pangkuan Desa Tugu Utara disebabkan oleh kelompok tani hutan marginal yang tinggal di lima kampung di dalam kebun teh yang kurang mendapat akses ekonomi. Reboisasi bertujuan untuk pemulihan kesehatan fungsi biofisik hutan melibatkan petani. Riset menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain riset metode campuran kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Survei dilakukan  terhadap masyarakat desa  hutan  dengan  menyebarkan kuesioner sebanyak 116 responden. Lokasi penelitian di Desa Tugu Utara, Kecamatan Cisarua, Kabupaten Bogor. Hasil riset menemukan pembentukan kelompok tani tahun 2008, sebagai pekerja budidaya kopi 70 ha yang ditanam oleh pengusaha. Selanjutnya 18 orang menanam kopi sebanyak 10.050 batang periode 2013-2018 di lahan seluas 29 ha. Kepadatan tanaman 268 batang/ha menghasilkan produktivitas kopi cherry 4,2 kg/batang/tahun. Penerimaan dari kopi Rp1.000.000,00/bulan. Pada tahun 2017 sejumlah petani mengikuti pelatihan perencanaan, reboisasi, SMART Patrol, pemetaan, dokumentasi visual dan publikasi. Setelah mendapat persetujuan KULIN KK, petani melakukan reboisasi 95,5 ha dengan 43.860 batang bibit dan pengembangan wisata. Reboisasi lahan sayuran terluas di Cikoneng, dan Rawa Gede memperbaiki fungsi fisik dan ekosistem hutan. Metode ini dapat menjadi sistem pengelolaan hutan partisipatif sesuai model pendidikan partisipatif yang dikembangkan Knowles dengan beberapa modifikasi.

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Population pressure on the environment, especially forest, is caused by the human migration and population growth, also local people who are experiencing economic hardship. The pressure on the Tugu Utara Village forest is caused by marginal forest groups living in the tea gardens in five villages who are lacking economic access. Reforestation activities are implemented which aim to restore the forests biophysical function by involving farmers. The research in this paper used a mixed of quantitative and qualitative research design methods. The survey was conducted on forest village communities by distributing questionnaires to 116 respondents. The research location was in Tugu Utara village. Cisarua Subdistrict, Bogor Regency. The research has founded that there was a formation of farmer group in 2008 for 70 ha of coffee cultivation planted by entrepreneurs. In 2013-2018, 18 farmers planted 10,050 stems of coffee in an area of 29 ha with a plant density of 268 stems/ha and have produced cherry coffee with a productivity of 4.2 kg/stem/year. As the results, there is an additional familys income from coffee as much as IDR 1,000,000 per month. In 2017, a number of farmers participated in training in planning, reforestation, smart patrol, mapping, visual documentation and publications. After obtaining approval from KULIN KK, farmers conducted a reforestation of 95,5 ha with 43,860 seedlings along with developing the tourism sector. The reforestation activities have a big scale with a widest vegetable land in Cikoneng, and Rawa Gede which improve physical function and forest ecosystems. This method can be used as a participatory forest management system according to the participatory education model developed by Knowles with several modifications."

"Tekanan penduduk terhadap lingkungan, disebabkan oleh migrasi, dan pertumbuhan penduduk yang mengalami tingkat kesulitan ekonomi. Tekanan terhadap Hutan Pangkuan Desa Tugu Utara disebabkan oleh kelompok tani hutan marginal yang tinggal di lima kampung di dalam kebun teh yang kurang mendapat akses ekonomi. Reboisasi bertujuan untuk pemulihan kesehatan fungsi biofisik hutan melibatkan petani. Riset menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain riset metode campuran kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Survei dilakukan terhadap masyarakat desa hutan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner sebanyak 116 responden. Lokasi penelitian di Desa Tugu Utara, Kecamatan Cisarua, Kabupaten Bogor. Hasil riset menemukan pembentukan kelompok tani tahun 2008, sebagai pekerja budidaya kopi 70 ha yang ditanam oleh pengusaha. Selanjutnya 18 orang menanam kopi sebanyak 10.050 batang periode 2013-2018 di lahan seluas 29 ha. Kepadatan tanaman 268 batang/ha menghasilkan produktivitas kopi cherry 4,2 kg/batang/tahun. Penerimaan dari kopi Rp1.000.000,00/bulan. Pada tahun 2017 sejumlah petani mengikuti pelatihan perencanaan, reboisasi, SMART Patrol, pemetaan, dokumentasi visual dan publikasi. Setelah mendapat persetujuan KULIN KK, petani melakukan reboisasi 95,5 ha dengan 43.860 batang bibit dan pengembangan wisata. Reboisasi lahan sayuran terluas di Cikoneng, dan Rawa Gede memperbaiki fungsi fisik dan ekosistem hutan. Metode ini dapat menjadi sistem pengelolaan hutan partisipatif sesuai model pendidikan partisipatif yang dikembangkan Knowles dengan beberapa modifikasi.

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Population pressure on the environment, especially forest, is caused by the human migration and population growth, also local people who are experiencing economic hardship. The pressure on the Tugu Utara Village forest is caused by marginal forest groups living in the tea gardens in five villages who are lacking economic access. Reforestation activities are implemented which aim to restore the forests biophysical function by involving farmers. The research in this paper used a mixed of quantitative and qualitative research design methods. The survey was conducted on forest village communities by distributing questionnaires to 116 respondents. The research location was in Tugu Utara village. Cisarua Subdistrict, Bogor Regency. The research has founded that there was a formation of farmer group in 2008 for 70 ha of coffee cultivation planted by entrepreneurs. In 2013-2018, 18 farmers planted 10,050 stems of coffee in an area of 29 ha with a plant density of 268 stems/ha and have produced cherry coffee with a productivity of 4.2 kg/stem/year. As the results, there is an additional familys income from coffee as much as IDR 1,000,000 per month. In 2017, a number of farmers participated in training in planning, reforestation, smart patrol, mapping, visual documentation and publications. After obtaining approval from KULIN KK, farmers conducted a reforestation of 95,5 ha with 43,860 seedlings along with developing the tourism sector. The reforestation activities have a big scale with a widest vegetable land in Cikoneng, and Rawa Gede which improve physical function and forest ecosystems. This method can be used as a participatory forest management system according to the participatory education model developed by Knowles with several modifications."

"ABSTRAKMengelola hutan tidak hanya menjadi tanggung jawab pemerintah tetapi juga masyarakat. Kelompok Tani Selaras Alam menjaga kelestarian hutan dengan melibatkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam kegiatan agroforestri kopi. Namun lokasi kegiatan agroforestri kopi belum diketahui peruntukan lahannya secara legal dan adanya perbedaan tingkat partisipasi dalam kegiatan agroforestri kopi. Tujuan dari riset ini adalah untuk mengetahui kesesuain lahan, evaluasi kegiatan agroforestri, analisa tingkat partisipasi dan menentukan strategi pelestarian hutan. Hasil dari riset ini kegiatan agroforestri di APL, tanaman kopi dan pendamping berkontribusi untuk aspek ekologi akan tetapi belum dalam aspek ekonomi, tingkat partisipasi masyarakat yang tinggi dan didapatkan strategi berkelanjutan untuk pelestarian hutan. kesimpulan dari riset ini kegiatan agroforestri kopi tidak menyalahi aturan pemerintah, adanya manfaat kegiatan agroforestri untuk aspek ekologi namun belum memberikan kontribusi optimal untuk aspek ekonomi, tingkat partisipasi masyarakat tinggi, dan dirumuskan strategi berkelanjutan dalam pelestarian hutan melalui kegiatan agroforestri kopi.

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ABSTRACTManaging forests is not only the responsibility of the government but also the people. Selaras Alam Farmers Group preserves forest conservation by involving community participation through coffee agroforestry. However, the location of coffee agroforestry has not been known for legally allocated land and there is a difference level of participation through coffee agroforestry. The purpose of this research is to know the suitability of the land, the evaluation of agroforestry, the analysis of the participation level and determine the strategy of forest conservation. The results of this research are agroforestry in APL, coffee crops and shade plants contribute to ecological aspects but not yet in economic aspects, high levels of community participation and sustainable strategies for forest conservation. The conclusions of this research are coffee agroforestry in accordance with government regulations, the existence of agroforestry benefits for ecological aspects but not yet provide optimal contribution to economic aspect, high level of community participation, and formulated a sustainable strategy in forest conservation through coffee agroforestry."