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"This textbook is the first to present a systematic introduction to chemical analysis of pharmaceutical raw materials, finished pharmaceutical products, and of drugs in biological fluids, which are carried out in pharmaceutical laboratories worldwide.In addition, this textbook teaches the fundamentals of all the major analytical techniques used in the pharmaceutical laboratory, and teaches the international pharmacopoeias and guidelines of importance for the field. It is primarily intended for the pharmacy student, to teach the requirements in "analytical chemistry" for the 5 years pharmacy curriculum, but the textbook is also intended for analytical chemists moving into the field of pharmaceutical analysis. Addresses the basic concepts, then establishes the foundations for the common analytical methods that are currently used in the quantitative and qualitative chemical analysis of pharmaceutical drugs Provides an understanding of common analytical techniques used in all areas of pharmaceutical development Suitable for a foundation course in chemical and pharmaceutical sciences Aimed at undergraduate students of degrees in Pharmaceutical Science/Chemistry Analytical Science/Chemistry, Forensic analysis Includes many illustrative examples."

"This article examines patent regime in jordan particularly when it applies to pharmaceutical industry...."

"this paper examines the customer' role during the process of formulation and implementation of business strategy of a company. The research was conducted in the pharmaceutical industry in Indonesia using case study in four ethical strategic business units in four companies i.e Kalbe,Indofarma,Merck and Otto....."

"Levofloksasin merupakan antibiotika fluorokuinolon yang konsentrasinya dalam plasma sangat kecil sehingga diperlukan metode analisis yang sensitif dan selektif. Pada analisis obat dalam plasma seringkali menggunakan berbagai jenis antikoagulan untuk memperoleh plasma sebagai matriks. Sitrat, heparin, dan etilen diamin tetra asetat (EDTA) merupakan antikoagulan yang umum digunakan dalam analisis obat dalam plasma. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh kondisi optimum dan metode tervalidasi levofloksasin dalam plasma serta mengevaluasi pengaruh perbedaan jenis antikoagulan pada analisis levofloksasin dalam plasma. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan optimasi dan validasi metode analisis levofloksasin dalam plasma menggunakan sistem kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi (KCKT) yang dideteksi pada panjang gelombang 293 nm dengan siprofloksasin HCl digunakan sebagai baku dalam. Kondisi analisis yang optimal diperoleh menggunakan: kolom C18 SunfireTM (5μm, 250 x 4,6 mm); suhu 45°C; fase gerak trietilamin 0,5% dengan pH 3,0-asetonitril (88:12 v/v); dan laju alir 1,25 mL/menit. Ekstraksi plasma dilakukan dengan metode pengendapan protein menggunakan metanol (1:1,5 v/v). Metode yang diperoleh linear pada rentang konsentrasi 50,0 ? 10000,0 ng/mL dengan nilai r > 0,9994. Akurasi dan presisi untuk plasma sitrat, heparin, dan EDTA memenuhi persyaratan baik secara intrahari maupun antar-hari. Levofloksasin dinyatakan stabil selama 31 hari pada suhu -20°C dalam plasma sitrat, heparin, dan EDTA. Data stabilitas dan perolehan kembali levofloksasin dalam plasma menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan untuk penggunaan plasma sitrat, heparin, maupun EDTA (p > 0,05; ANOVA), namun untuk rasio respon luas puncak levofloksasin dalam plasma sitrat, heparin, dan EDTA menunjukan perbedaan yang signifikan (p < 0,05) yaitu antara plasma sitrat-EDTA dan plasma heparin-EDTA untuk konsentrasi rendah serta antara plasma sitrat-heparin dan plasma sitrat-EDTA untuk konsentrasi sedang dan tinggi. Pada kromatogram blangko plasma EDTA terdapat interferensi plasma yang cukup mengganggu pada waktu retensi < 8 menit, sedangkan pada plasma sitrat dan heparin tidak terdapat interferensi. Secara keseluruhan, metode analisis yang diperoleh memenuhi persyaratan validasi baik untuk penggunaan plasma sitrat, heparin, maupun EDTA.

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Levofloxacin is fluoroquinolone antibiotic which concentration in human plasma is very low so it requires sensitive and selective method for analysis. Analysis of drug in human plasma is often used various types of anticoagulant to obtain plasma as analytical matrix. Citrate, heparin, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) are anticoagulants which are commonly used to analyze drug in human plasma. The aim of this study is to obtain optimal analytical condition and validated method of levofloxacin in human plasma and evaluate the effect of anticoagulant types for analyzing levofloxacin in human plasma. In this study, optimization and validation levofloxacin in human plasma was performed by high performance liquid chromatography which was detected at wavelength of 293 nm using ciprofloxacin HCl as internal standard. Optimal analytical condition was obtained using: C18 SunfireTM column (5μm, 250 x 4.6 mm), temperature 45°C; the mobile phase contains a mixture of 0.5% triethylamine which was adjusted to pH 3.0 and acetonitrile (88:12 v/v); flow rate was 1.25 mL/min. The plasma extraction was carried out by protein precipitation method using methanol (1:1.5 v/v). The method was linear at concentration range of 50.0 - 10000.0 ng/mL with r > 0.9994. Accuracy and precision of within-run and between-run for citrate, heparin, and EDTA plasma fulfill the acceptance criteria. Levofloxacin was stable in citrate, heparin, and EDTA plasma for at least 31 days at -20°C. Based on stability and recovery of levofloxacin in plasma, there was no significant difference for using citrate, heparin, and EDTA plasma (ANOVA; p value > 0.05), but it showed significant difference for peak area ratio response (p < 0.05) between citrate-EDTA and heparin-EDTA plasma for low concentration samples and also between citrate-heparin and citrate-EDTA plasma for medium and high concentration samples. In the chromatogram of EDTA blank plasma, there were interferences at retention time less than 8 min while citrate and heparin blank plasma were not. Overall, this analytical method fulfill the acceptance criteria of validation and can be applied using citrate, heparin, and EDTA anticoagulants."

"Contents: 1 Bond type and bond strength; 2 Hydrocarbons: alkanes, alkenes, aromatics and alkylhalides; 3 Amines; 4 Neutral and acidic nitrogen compounds; 5 Oxygen- and sulphur-containing functional groups; 6 Protein structure and its relevance to drug action; 7 DNA structure and its importance to drug action; 8 Drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion; 9 Structure, activity and drug design; 10 Drugs affecting the adrenergic system; 11 Drugs exerting non-adrenergic effects on cardiac output and vascular tone; 12 Drugs interacting with mammalian enzymes; 13 Central nervous system depressants; 14 Analgesics; 15 Local anaesthetics; 16 Anti-cholinergic agents; 17 Anti-histamine drugs;18 CNS stimulants and CNS-active drugs affecting the serotonergic system; 19 Drugs affecting haemostasis and thrombosis; 20 Drugs affecting the endocrine system; 21 Anticancer drugs; 22 Antimicrobial chemotherapy: A. Antibiotics. B. Antituberculosis drugs; 23 Antiviral drugs; 24 Antifungal chemotherapy; 25 Antiparasitic drugs; 26 Vitamins and minerals; 27 Biotechnologically produced products; 28 Drug and gene delivery systems; 29 Alcohol"