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"Breast MRI is a comprehensive, practical resource entirely devoted to this state-of-the-art technique, which has emerged as a valuable adjunct to the conventional imaging modalities in the detection of primary and recurrent breast cancer. This brand-new medical reference book utilizes an atlas-type format that showcases numerous examples of each aspect of breast MRI, equipping you with the latest knowledge on effective breast image interpretation. Compare your breast imaging findings to a wealth of breast MRI examples that capture the characteristic clinical presentation of both normal and diseased patients. Apply the most up-to-date information available on all aspects of breast MRI, including MRI-guided biopsy, breast cancer screening with MRI, MRI features of benign and malignant lesions, and MRI in the evaluation of newly diagnosed breast cancer.Take advantage of an image-rich, atlas-type format that offers the visual clarity you need for accurate interpretation.Access the full text and images online at Expert Consult."

"Recent advances in MR technology permit the application of diffusion MRI outside of the brain. In this book, the authors present cases drawn from daily clinical practice to illustrate the role of diffusion sequences, along with other morphological and functional MRI information, in the work-up of a variety of frequently encountered oncological and non-oncological diseases. Breast, musculoskeletal, whole-body, and other applications are covered in detail, with careful explanation of the pros and cons of diffusion MRI in each circumstance. Quantification and post-processing are discussed, and advice is provided on how to acquire state of the art images, and avoid artifacts, when using 1.5- and 3-T magnets. Applications likely to emerge in the near future, such as for screening, are also reviewed. The practical approach adopted by the authors, combined with the wealth of high-quality illustrations."

"Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui korelasi perubahan nilai ADC pada DWMRI dengan perubahan ukuran tumor pasca kemoterapi neoajuvan kanker payudara dalam menilai respons kemoterapi neoajuvan. Metode: Penelitian studi deskriptif analitik dari data sekunder MRI pasien kanker payudara yang mendapat kemoterapi neoajuvan serta menjalankan pemeriksaan MRI. Pemeriksaan MRI dilakukan sebelum pasien mendapat kemoterapi neoajuvan, setelah pasien mendapat kemoterapi neoajuvan siklus pertama dan siklus ketiga. Pengukuran ukuran tumor dilakukan sesuai standar RECIST, sedangkan nilai ADC diperoleh pada nilai b800s/mm2. Hasil dan diskusi: Dilakukan analisis bivariat dengan menggunakan korelasi Pearson untuk melihat korelasi perubahan nilai ADC kedua terhadap nilai ADC pertama dengan perubahan ukuran tumor pada pemeriksaan MRI ketiga terhadap pemeriksaan MRI pertama. Sebanyak 17 pasien penelitian dengan usia antara 40 tahun sampai 65 tahun dan ukuran tumor antara 5,41 cm sampai 13,41 cm. Terdapat 16 pasien yang mengalami peningkatan nilai ADC dan 1 pasien yang mengalami penurunan nilai ADC setelah pemberian kemoterapi neoajuvan siklus pertama. Sebanyak 17 pasien mengalami pengurangan ukuran tumor setelah kemoterapi neoajuvan siklus ketiga. Berdasarkan standar RECIST diperoleh sebanyak 7 pasien dengan pengurangan ukuran tumor lebih dari 30% (antara 31,55% sampai 56,25%) dan sebanyak 10 pasien dengan pengurangan ukuran tumor kurang dari 30% (antara 7,47% sampai 29,22%). Nilai korelasi yang diperoleh sebesar -0,499. Kesimpulan: Terdapat korelasi yang bermakna antara perubahan nilai ADC pada DWMRI dengan perubahan ukuran tumor sebagai respons kemoterapi neoajuvan kanker payudara dengan kekuatan korelasi yang sedang dan arah negatif.

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Objectives: To determine the correlation of changes in ADC values in DWMRI with changes in tumor size after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer to assess neoadjuvant chemotherapy response.

Methods: Analytical descriptive study using secondary data from MRI of breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy as well as running an MRI. MRI examination performed before neoadjuvant chemotherapy, after received first cycle neoadjuvant chemotherapy and third cycle. Tumor size measurements carried out according to standard RECIST, whereas the ADC values obtained in the b800s/mm2. Bivariate analysis using Pearson correlation was conducted to determine the correlation of changes in the value of the second ADC to first ADC and changes of the tumor size on the third MRI to the first MRI examination.

Result and discussion: A total of 17 study patients, 40 years to 65 years old, tumor size between 5.41 cm to 13.41 cm. 16 patients experienced an increase in ADC values while 1 patient had decreased ADC values after the first cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Tumor size in all patients decreased after three cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Based on RECIST standards, 7 patients showed tumor size reduction of more than 30% (between 31.55% to 56.25%) and tumor size in 10 patients was reduced less than 30% (between 7.47% to 29.22% ). Correlation value of -0.499 obtained.

Conclusions: There is a significant moderate and negative correlation between in ADC value changes in DWMRI with tumor size changes in response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy."

"Latar belakang: Kanker payudara adalah kanker dengan insiden tertinggi dan penyebab kematian utama akibat kanker pada perempuan di dunia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) adalah modalitas pencitraan yang memiliki sensitivitas tinggi, tetapi spesifisitas terbatas, dalam mendeteksi kanker payudara. Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) dan magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) adalah sequence MRI fungsional yang dilaporkan memiliki spesifisitas yang lebih baik dibandingkan protokol MRI standar dalam membedakan lesi payudara jinak dan ganas. Telaah sistematis dan meta-analisis ini dibuat dengan tujuan membandingkan akurasi diagnostik sequence DWI dan MRS dalam membedakan lesi payudara jinak dan ganas. Metode: Pencarian sistematis dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi studi yang membandingkan akurasi diagnostik antara sequence DWI dan MRS dalam membedakan lesi payudara jinak dan ganas yang terdeteksi lewat pemeriksaan fisik atau radiologis, dengan referensi baku pemeriksaan patologi anatomi. Pencarian dilakukan pada Maret 2021 lewat data dasar Scopus dan PubMed menggunakan kata kunci yan telah ditentukan, daftar pustaka dari artikel terpilih, dan grey literature. Temuan utama yang diekstraksi dari tiap studi adalah jumlah positif benar, positif palsu, negatif benar, dan negatif palsu untuk mendapatkan nilai sensitivitas, spesifisitas, likelihood ratio (LR), dan diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) masing-masing uji indeks. Penilaian kualitas metodologi studi dilakukan menggunakan QUADAS-2. Penilaian kualitas bukti dilakukan menggunakan GRADE. Hasil: Delapan studi (632 perempuan, 687 lesi payudara) diidentifikasi. Proporsi lesi ganas payudara 38,2–72,4%. Tiga studi menunjukkan risiko bias yang tinggi pada salah satu domain. Empat studi menunjukkan setidaknya dua risiko bias yang tidak jelas. Sensitivitas spesifisitas, LR+, LR-, dan DOR sequence DWI secara berturutan adalah 90% (95% CI 86–93%), 83% (95% CI 67–93%), 5,4 (95% CI 2,6–11,4), 0,12 (95% CI 0,09–0,17), dan 45 (95% CI 18–109). Sensitivitas, spesifisitas, LR+, LR-, dan DOR sequence MRS secara berturutan adalah 85% (95% CI 66–94%), 85% (95% CI 76–91%), 5,7 (95% CI 3,3–10,0), 0,17 (95% CI 0,07–0,45), dan 33 (95% CI 8–131). Kualitas bukti rendah–sedang. Kesimpulan: Sequence DWI dan MRS memiliki akurasi diagnostik yang hampir sebanding dalam membedakan lesi payudara jinak dan ganas. Sequence DWI memiliki sensitivitas lebih baik, sedangkan sequence MRS memiliki spesifisitas lebih baik. Akan tetapi, penerapan temuan telaah sistematis dan meta-analisis ini terbatas karena kualitas metodologi studi dan kualitas bukti yang terbatas.

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Background: Breast cancer is cancer with the highest incidence and leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an imaging modality of high sensitivity, but limited specificity in detecting breast cancer. Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) are functional MRI sequences reported to have higher specificity compared to standard MRI protocol in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions. This systematic review and meta-analysis are written to compare diagnostic accuracy of DWI and MRS sequence in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesion. Methods: Studies that compared diagnostic accuracy of DWI and MRS sequence in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions, previously detected through physical or radiological examination, with pathological examination as reference standard were identified. Scopus and PubMed were systematically searched through March 2021. Reference lists of eligible studies and various grey literatures searches were searched additionally. Findings extracted from each eligible study included true positive, true negative, false positive, dan false negative value to estimate sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratio (LR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of each index tests. Methodological quality was assessed using QUADAS-2. Evidence quality was summarized using GRADE. Results: Eight studies (632 women, 687 breast lesions) were identified. Proportion of malignant breast lesions were 38.2–72.4%. Three studies displayed high risks of bias in one domain. Four studies displayed at least two unclear risk of bias. Sensitivity, specificity, LR+, LR-, and DOR of DWI sequence were 90% (95% CI 86–93%), 83% (95% CI 67–93%), 5.4 (95% CI 2.6–11.4), 0.12 (95% CI 0.09–0.17), and 45 (95% CI 18–109), respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, LR+, LR-, and DOR of MRS sequence were 85% (95% CI 66–94%), 85% (95% CI 76–91%), 5.7 (95% CI 3.3–10.0), 0.17 (95% CI 0.07–0.45), and 33 (95% CI 8–131), respectively. The quality of evidence was low to moderate. Conclusion: DWI and MRS sequence has comparable diagnostic accuracy in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions. DWI sequence has higher sensitivity, while MRS sequence has higher specificity. However, limited methodological and evidence quality limits the application of research findings."

"This book employs a cased-based format similar to the earlier Krings book, Case-Based Interventional Neuroradiology. After describing a clinical scenario the relevant anatomic structure or variation will be described and explained (embryological background) and its impact on treatment decisions and treatment modalities are explained. Potential complications that may arise if not properly recognized are indentified. Images of other similar cases are added to show the spectrum of the anatomy and its variations. References to the pertinent literature are provided for each case. Cases are grouped to allow for smooth reading cover to cover and at the same time to quickly get one up to speed prior to performing a procedure where one encounters a similar variation. Imaging includes conventional angiography but will also include MR/​MRA and CT/​CTA when appropriate"--Provided by publisher."

"This atlas is a detailed guide to the imaging appearances of gliomas following treatment with neurosurgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Normal and pathological findings are displayed in detailed MR images that illustrate the potential modifications due to treatment. Particular emphasis is placed on characteristic appearances on the newer functional MR imaging techniques, including MR spectroscopy, diffusion-weighted imaging, and perfusion imaging. These techniques are revolutionizing neuroradiology by going beyond the demonstration of macroscopic alterations to the depiction of preceding metabolic changes at the cellular and subcellular level, thereby allowing earlier and more specific diagnosis. A key section comprising some 40 clinical cases and more than 500 illustrations offers an invaluable clinical and research tool not only for neuroradiologists but also for neurosurgeons, radiotherapists, and medical oncologists."

"This book presents a comprehensive review of the recent developments in fast L1-norm regularization-based compressed sensing (CS) magnetic resonance image reconstruction algorithms. Compressed sensing magnetic resonance imaging (CS-MRI) is able to reduce the scan time of MRI considerably as it is possible to reconstruct MR images from only a few measurements in the k-space; far below the requirements of the Nyquist sampling rate. L1-norm-based regularization problems can be solved efficiently using the state-of-the-art convex optimization techniques, which in general outperform the greedy techniques in terms of quality of reconstructions. Recently, fast convex optimization based reconstruction algorithms have been developed which are also able to achieve the benchmarks for the use of CS-MRI in clinical practice. This book enables graduate students, researchers, and medical practitioners working in the field of medical image processing, particularly in MRI to understand the need for the CS in MRI, and thereby how it could revolutionize the soft tissue imaging to benefit healthcare technology without making major changes in the existing scanner hardware. It would be particularly useful for researchers who have just entered into the exciting field of CS-MRI and would like to quickly go through the developments to date without diving into the detailed mathematical analysis. Finally, it also discusses recent trends and future research directions for implementation of CS-MRI in clinical practice, particularly in Bio and Neuro-informatics applications."

"The objective of this book is to serve as a practical educational resource for clinical magnetic resonance imaging. The bulk of the text is organized along anatomic lines and discusses disease entities commonly encountered in clinical practice. The focus is illustrating and describing the MR appearances of the most commonly imaged disease entities, covering briefly in each area important points relative to imaging techniques then discussing in depth, the clinical MR interpretation. The breadth of clinical MRI is explored. For each subtopic within an anatomic region, clinical cases serve as the backbone for discussion, the most common pathologies affecting each anatomic region being illustrated. The final chapters discuss specifically contrast media and contrast enhanced MRA, two topics worthy of further description due to their present clinical importance. When relevant to diagnosis or essential for understanding, MR physics is discussed, however the reader is referred separately to Runge et al, The Physics of Clinical MR Taught Through Images 2nd Edition (New York: Thieme; 2009) for further elaboration. It is the goal that upon completing this text, the reader will have an appreciation for the complexity, utility, and versatility of MR in clinical imaging and will possess the knowledge essential for interpretation of basic clinical MR "