Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Introduction of new technologies and their applications to neuroblastoma diagnosis, treatment, and therapy assessment are explained. Role of molecular ghenetics in diagnosis and therapy for neuroblastoma patients is detailed. Molecular detection of minimal residual neuroblastoma is described. Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy are detailed for diagnosing this solid, extracranial cancer. Targets for therapeutic intervention in neuroblastoma are identified, including targeting multidrug resistance in this cancer. Ornithine decarboxylase and polyamines are novel targets for therapeutic intervention. The effectiveness of chemotherapy with oral irinotecan and temozolomide is explained. The role of transcription factors (GATA) in neuroblastoma pregression is also included."

"Latar Belakang: Lebih dari 50 % kasus neuroblastoma datang dengan stage lanjut. Untuk itu, perlu upaya deteksi dini kasus neuroblastoma agar terapi menjadi lebih tepat dan terarah. Salah satu upaya deteksi dini tumor adalah dengan dengan menemukan mikro RNA (miRNA) yang berpotensi sebagai petanda hayati. Jenis tumor yang berbeda mengekspresikan profil miRNA yang berbeda pula. Dengan meneliti profil miRNA pada penderita neuroblastoma, maka bisa diketahui miRNA mana yang berperan sebagai petanda hayati neuroblastoma. Metode: Mikro RNA yang terkandung di dalam eksosom plasma diekstraksi dan disekuens dengan teknologi Next Generation Sequencing menggunakan mesin MiSeq. Data yang didapat menjalani normalisasi dan dilakukan analisis lanjutan yakni mencari miRNA yang terekspresi signifikan secara statistik di sampel plasma dan jaringan terkait dengan stage (M vs Non M), luaran (Meninggal vs Hidup), dan status amplifikasi gen MYCN (teramplifikasi atau tidak). Hasil: Pada parameter stage, terdapat 40 miRNA pada plasma dan 20 miRNA pada jaringan yang terekspresi signifikan. Di parameter luaran, terdapat 35 miRNA pada plasma dan 39 miRNA pada jaringan yang terekspresi signifikan. Pada analisis MYCN, terdapat 11 miRNA pada plasma dan 110 miRNA pada jaringan yang terekspresi signifikan. Mikro RNA-375 ter-upregulated secara signifikan pada stage M. Pada parameter luaran, miRNA-92a-3p ter-upregulated secara signifikan pada luaran meninggal. Mikro RNA 92a-3p dan miR-99a-5p ter-upregulated secara signifikan pada sampel yang terdapat amplifikasi gen MYCN. Kesimpulan: Mikro RNA 375 terekspresi signifikan pada parameter stage M. Mikro RNA 92a-3p terekspresi signifikan pada parameter luaran meninggal. Mikro RNa 92a-3p dan miR-99a-5p terekspresi signifikan pada parameter gen MYCN teramplifikasi. Ketiga miRNA ini, yakni miR-375, miR-92a-3p, miR-99a-5p berpotensi menjadi petanda hayati pada neuroblastoma.

---

Background: More than 50 % of neuroblastoma cases present in advance stage. An early detection effort is needed to direct the treatment with precision. One such effort is to find potential micro RNA (miRNA) that functions as biomarker. Different tumor type produces different miRNA expression profile. The study of miRNA profile in neuroblastoma may pave way to identify potential miRNA that may play role as biomarker in neuroblastoma.

Methods: Exosomal miRNA were extracted and sequenced using MiSeq, a Next Generation Sequencing platform machine. The counts obtained underwent normalization and further analysis of significantly expressed miRNA in stage (M vs Non M), Output (Deceased or Alive), and MYCN gene amplification (present or not) in both plasma and tissue samples were done.

Results: In stage parameter, there were 40 and 20 miRNAs significantly expressed in plasma and tissue. In output parameter, there were 35 and 39 miRNAs significantly expressed in plasma and tissue. In MYCN parameter, there were 11 and 110 miRNAs significantly expressed in plasma and tissue. Micro RNA-375 was significantly upregulated in stage M. In output parameter, miRNA-92a-3p was significantly upregulated in deceased cases. Micro RNA 92a-3p and miR-99a-5p were significantly upregulated in samples with amplified MYCN gene.

Conclusion: Micro RNA 375 was significantly expressed in stage M. Micro RNA 92 a- 3p was significantly expressed in deceased cases. Micro RNA 92a-3p and miR-99a-5p were significantly expressed in amplified MYCN samples. Those three miRNAs, miR- 375, miR-92a-3p, miR-99a-5p have potential to be biomarkers for neuroblastoma."

"Penyakit neurodegeneratif cenderung meningkat seiring bertambahnya usia, dan salah satu penyebabnya adalah stres oksidatif. Stres oksidatif terjadi ketika peningkatan ROS yang berlebihan tidak dapat diimbangi oleh antioksidan tubuh. Peningkatan ROS dapat disebabkan oleh pemberian H2O2, namun dapat diatasi dengan pemberian antioksidan eksogen seperti Moringa oleifera (MO) yang kaya akan flavonoid. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis efek ekstrak air MO pada sel neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y yang terpapar H2O2, dengan fokus pada stres oksidatif, apoptosis, dan penanda neuroprotektif. Metode penelitian dilakukan secara in vitro menggunakan sel SH-SY5Y yang diuji dengan berbagai konsentrasi H2O2 atau MO. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak air MO pada konsentrasi 25 ug/ml dapat mencegah stres oksidatif pada sel SH-SY5Y yang terpapar H2O2 dengan konsentrasi 1 mM. Mekanisme penurunan stres oksidatif ditandai dengan peningkatan ekspresi mRNA SOD1, GPx1, dan katalase, serta penurunan apoptosis yang ditandai dengan penurunan ekspresi mRNA Bax dan Caspase-3. Pemberian ekstrak air MO juga meningkatkan ekspresi mRNA BDNF. Oleh karena itu, MO memiliki potensi sebagai agen antioksidan yang efektif dalam melindungi sel saraf dari kerusakan oksidatif dan mencegah neurodegenerasi yang terkait dengan stres oksidatif. Penelitian ini memberikan pandangan awal yang menjanjikan untuk pengembangan ekstrak MO dengan fokus pada stres oksidatif, apoptosis, dan penanda neuroprotektif lebih lanjut di masa depan.

---

Neurodegenerative diseases tend to increase with age, and one of the causes is oxidative stress. Oxidative stress occurs when excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) cannot be balanced by the body's antioxidants. Increased ROS can be induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) administration, but it can be mitigated by the administration of exogenous antioxidants such as Moringa oleifera (MO), which is rich in flavonoids. The objective of this research was to analyze the effects of MO water extract on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells treated with H2O2, focusing on oxidative stress, apoptosis, and neuroprotective markers. The research was conducted in vitro using SH-SY5Y cells exposed to various concentrations of H2O2 or MO. The results showed that the administration of MO water extracts at a concentration of 25 μg/ml could prevent oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells treated with 1 mM H2O2. The mechanism of oxidative stress reduction was characterized by increased mRNA expression of SOD1, GPx1, and catalase, as well as decreased apoptosis indicated by decreased mRNA expression of Bax and Caspase-3. The administration of MO water extract also increased BDNF mRNA expression. Therefore, MO has the potential as an effective antioxidant agent to protect nerve cells from oxidative damage and prevent oxidative stress-related neurodegeneration. This research provides promising preliminary insights for further development of MO extract focusing on Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Neuroprotective markers in the future."

"A general introduction to the principles of diagnosis and treatment of children with brain tumors is presented. Molecular characterization of solid tumors is also presented. Molecular pathways provide putative targets for new therapies. High resolution magic spinning NMR spectroscopy is explained, which is used to determine metabolic profiles for small pieces of intact tissue and whole cells in culture. The differences between adult and pediatric brain tumors are outlined. Various neuroradiological imaging modalities in children with leukemia are detailed. Also are detailed results of clinical trials in pediatric brain tumors, such as medulloblastoma, ependymoma, craniopharyngioma, low-grade glioma, high-grade glioma, brainstem glioma, and germ cell tumors, using radiotherapy. Considering the clinical importance of epilepsy in the primary brain tumors in children, its symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments (surgery and antiepileptic drugs) are discussed."

"Buku ini memberikan pengetahuan dasar dan terapan tentang onkologi umum yang dihadapi di klinik berdasarkan kenyataan-kenyataan yang ada di Indonesia.Buku ini meliputi 23 pokok permasalahan. Bab 1 mengenai sejarah kanker. Bab 2 sampai 3 membahas biologi dan klasifikasi tumor. Bab 4 mengenai epidemiologi. Bab 5 mengenai patologi neoplasma. Bab 6 mengenai klinik tumor. Bab 7 sampai 11 membahas penanggulangan, prevensi, deteksi dini, diagnosis, dan terapi kanker. Bab 12 sampai 16 membahas dasar-dasar operasi kanker, radioterapi, khemoterapi kanker, hormon terapi, dan immunoterapi. Bab 17 sampai 23 membahas kanker meliputi terapi paliatif dan nyeri kanker, rehabilitasi, hasil pengobatan, follow up, perawatan terminal, rujukan dan registrasi."