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"This book is the first devoted entirely to complex I. It contains chapters written by leaders in the field, covering a wide range of topics from the structure of the complex, properties of its many redox centers, subunit composition, mutagenesis studies, evolution of the enzyme and on to the current understanding of the coupling mechanism and the molecular basis for human pathologies. Features, concise and authoritative review of current state-of-the-art in research on respiratory complex I. The first book, a central enzyme in bioenergetics. Recent breakthroughs in structure elucidation finally allow understanding of the mechanism. Mutations leading to common and severe human disorders are discussed."

"ABSTRACTRespiration process is major function of the lung. Respiration had 3 process that are ventilation, difussion and perfusion. Ventilation is process that oxygen entire to the lung and carbonmonoxide out from the alveoli to outer space. Ventilation processes is usually used as a parameter test of lung function in daily practice. One of lung function test is spirornetry that used to evaluate ventilation function of the lung."

"AbstrakPURPOSE:Cold weather exercise is common in many regions of the world; however, it is unclear whether respiratory function and symptom worsen progressively with colder air temperatures. Furthermore, it is unclear whether high-ventilation sport background exacerbates dysfunction and symptoms.METHODS:Seventeen active females (measure of the maximum volume of oxygen [VO(2max)]: 49.6±6.6 mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹) completed on different days in random order 5 blinded running trials at 0°C, -5°C, -10°C, -15°C, and -20°C (humidity 40%) in an environmental chamber. Distance, heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured within each trial; forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory flow at 25%-75% (FEF₂₅₋₇₅), and forced expiratory flow at 50% (FEF₅₀) were measured pre- and post-test (3, 6, 10, 15, and 20 minutes). Respiratory symptoms and global effort were measured post-test spirometry.RESULTS:Mean decreases were found in FEV1 (4%-5% at 0°C, -5°C, -10°C, and -15°C; 7% at -20°C). FEF₂₅₋₇₅ and FEF₅₀ decreased 7% and 11% at -15°C and -20°C, respectively. Post-exertion spirometry results were decreased most at 3 to 6 minutes, recovering back to baseline at 20 minutes. Respiratory symptoms and global effort significantly increased at -15°C and -20°C with decreased heart rate. High-ventilation sports decreased function more than low-ventilation participants but had fewer symptoms.CONCLUSIONS:These results indicate that intense exercise at cold air temperatures up to -20°C is achievable; however, greater effort along with transient acute bronchoconstriction and symptoms of cough after exercising in temperatures colder than -15°C are likely. It is recommended that individuals cover their mouth and reduce exercise intensity to ameliorate the effects of cold weather exercise."

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Prevalens gangguan pernapasan dan fungsi paru meningkat pada pekerja pengumpul sampah. Belum terdapat data mengenai gangguan respirasi dan fungsi paru pada pemulung, khususnya di daerah Bantar Gebang, Bekasi.Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Dilakukan pada pemulung yang bekerja dan tinggal di kelurahan Ciketing Udik, TPA Bantar Gebang, Bekasi pada bulan Januari - Maret 2014 dengan pengisian kuesioner, pemeriksaan spirometri, foto toraks dan CO udara ekshalasi.Hasil: Jumlah sampel yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi 108 subjek. Gangguan respirasi sebanyak 92 subjek (85,2%). Gangguan respirasi yang dikeluhkan meliputi batuk kronik 73 subjek, sesak napas 65 subjek, berdahak 57 dan mengi 19 subjek. Gangguan fungsi paru sebanyak 18 (16,7%) subjek berupa obstruksi ringan 3 (2,8%) subjek, restriksi ringan 11 (10,2%) subjek dan campuran 4 (2,8%) subjek. Kelainan foto toraks ditemukan 16 subjek (14,8%). Kadar CO udara ekspirasi berada pada 5-10 ppm sebanyak 46 (42.6%) subjek.Kesimpulan: Terdapat gangguan respirasi dan fungsi paru pada pemulung di Bantar Gebang, Bekasi.

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ABSTRACTBackground: The prevalence of respiratory disorders and lung function increases in waste collection workers. There has been no data on respiratory disorders and lung function in scavengers, especially in Bantar Gebang, Bekasi.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design to the scavengers who work and live in Ciketing Udik, Bantargebang, Bekasi. Conducted in January-March 2014, doing interview with questionnaires, spirometry examination, chest X-ray and CO exhalation.Results: The number of samples that suitable with the inclusion criteria are 108 subjects. Respiratory disorders are 92 subjects (85.2%). The respiratory disorders consist of 73 subjects with chronic cough, 65 subjects due to shortness of breath, 57 with phlegm and 19 subjects wheezing. Lung function impairment consist of 18 (16.7%) subjects in the form of mild obstruction 3 (2.8%) subjects, mild restriction 11 (10.2%) subjects and mixed 4 (2.8%) subjects. Chest radiographic abnormalities found in 16 subjects (14.8%). Expiratory CO levels at 5-10 ppm are 46 (42.6%) subjects.Conclusion: There is respiratory disorders and lung function impairments of the scavengers in Bantar Gebang, Bekasi.;Background: The prevalence of respiratory disorders and lung function increases in waste collection workers. There has been no data on respiratory disorders and lung function in scavengers, especially in Bantar Gebang, Bekasi.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design to the scavengers who work and live in Ciketing Udik, Bantargebang, Bekasi. Conducted in January-March 2014, doing interview with questionnaires, spirometry examination, chest X-ray and CO exhalation.Results: The number of samples that suitable with the inclusion criteria are 108 subjects. Respiratory disorders are 92 subjects (85.2%). The respiratory disorders consist of 73 subjects with chronic cough, 65 subjects due to shortness of breath, 57 with phlegm and 19 subjects wheezing. Lung function impairment consist of 18 (16.7%) subjects in the form of mild obstruction 3 (2.8%) subjects, mild restriction 11 (10.2%) subjects and mixed 4 (2.8%) subjects. Chest radiographic abnormalities found in 16 subjects (14.8%). Expiratory CO levels at 5-10 ppm are 46 (42.6%) subjects.Conclusion: There is respiratory disorders and lung function impairments of the scavengers in Bantar Gebang, Bekasi., Background: The prevalence of respiratory disorders and lung function increases in waste collection workers. There has been no data on respiratory disorders and lung function in scavengers, especially in Bantar Gebang, Bekasi.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design to the scavengers who work and live in Ciketing Udik, Bantargebang, Bekasi. Conducted in January-March 2014, doing interview with questionnaires, spirometry examination, chest X-ray and CO exhalation.Results: The number of samples that suitable with the inclusion criteria are 108 subjects. Respiratory disorders are 92 subjects (85.2%). The respiratory disorders consist of 73 subjects with chronic cough, 65 subjects due to shortness of breath, 57 with phlegm and 19 subjects wheezing. Lung function impairment consist of 18 (16.7%) subjects in the form of mild obstruction 3 (2.8%) subjects, mild restriction 11 (10.2%) subjects and mixed 4 (2.8%) subjects. Chest radiographic abnormalities found in 16 subjects (14.8%). Expiratory CO levels at 5-10 ppm are 46 (42.6%) subjects.Conclusion: There is respiratory disorders and lung function impairments of the scavengers in Bantar Gebang, Bekasi.]"

"Lensa manusia berfungsi memfokuskan cahaya teriihat, menyerap UV A dan UV B, sehingga sangat rentan terhadap efek fototoksik cahaya yang diterimanya. Sel epitel adalah bagian Iensa yang memiliki peran penting untuk pertumbuhan, diferensiasi dan homeostasis seluruh Iensa. Sel ini selalu terpapar cahaya sehingga sangat mungkin terganggu oleh radiasi UV yang bersifat mutagenik. Mitokondria adalah penghasil energi dan berperan pada kematian sel serta penuaan. MtDNA sangat rentan terhadap paparan radikal bebas karena tidak memiliki histon pelindung dan kemampuan reparasi yang sangat terbatas, oleh karena itu Iaju mutasi mtDNA Iebih tinggi dibandingkan DNA inti. Pada berbagai jaringan yang menua. ditemukan akumulasi mutasi mtDNA terdelesi. Delesi ini mengakibatkan hilangnya gen mtDNA yang menyandi subunit kompleks respirasi mitokondria (kompleks I, III, IV dan V) serta tRNA dan rRNA mitokondria, sehingga teljadi penurunan fungsi OXPHOS. Deiesi mtDNA ini awalnya dilaporkan terdeteksi pada jaringan otot lurik dan otot jantung, tetapi kemudian diiaporkan pula pada berbagai jaringan lain yang menua. Pertanyaan yang sangat penting dalam ilmu oftalmologi adalah, apakah proses yang sama juga berperan di Iensa mata. MtDNA sel epitel Iensa sangat mungkin mengakumulasi mutasi mtDNA karena sel ini selalu terpapar oleh UV, masa hidupnya cukup panjang dan tidak pemah gugur atau hilang. Sampai sekarang pertanyaan tersebut belum terjawab. Paparan UV pada kuitur Iensa menyebabkan apoptosis sel epitel dan kekeruhan Iensa. Pada Iensa manusia, apoptosis ditemukan pada katarak polaris anterior maupun katarak senilis, sedangkan pada iensa jernih hampir tidak ditemukan adanya apoptosis. Tingkat apoptosis sel epitel lensa dan perubahan fungsi respirasi mitokondria mungkin pula berperan pada penuaan dan proses pembentukan katarak. Hubungan antara penuaan, apoptosis dan pembentukan katarak masih merupakan pertanyaan yang belum teljiawab secara menyeiuruh. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini ingin mengkaji apakah perubahan fungsi respirasi mitokondria dan tingkat apoptosis berperan dalam fenomena penuaan sei epitel lensa dan proses kataraktogenesis."

"Pendahuluan : Pekerja laboratorium teknik gigi memiliki risiko mengalami gangguan sistem respirasi yang dapat mengakibatkan gangguan fungsi paru akibat pajanan metil metakrilat (MMA). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar MMA di lingkungan laboratorium teknik gigi di DKI Jakarta dan Kotamadya Tangerang, risiko pajanannya terhadap keluhan respirasi dan gangguan fungsi paru, serta hubungannya dengan faktor individu dan pekerjaan.Metode : Desain penelitian cross sectional melibatkan 69 pekerja laboratorium teknik gigi dari 4 laboratorium. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, pengamatan, pengukuran kadar MMA lingkungan dan pemeriksaan spirometri.Hasil : Kadar MMA pada 4 laboratorium teknik gigi adalah 0,26 ? 5,72 ppm, jauh di bawah Nilai Ambang Batas. Ditemukan hubungan bermakna ketersediaan ventilasi personal dengan kadar MMA (p <0,05). Prevalensi keluhan subyektif respirasi 39,1 %, dengan faktor yang berhubungan adalah kadar MMA >0,5 ppm (OR = 4,90, 95% CI: 1,49 ? 16,14) dan masa kerja >10 tahun (OR = 0,14, 95% CI: 0,03 ? 0,61). Prevalensi gangguan fungsi paru 44,9 %, seluruhnya restriktif. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan gangguan fungsi paru adalah kebiasaan merokok (OR = 3,94, 95% CI: 1,22 ? 12,76) dan kadar MMA >0,5 ppm (OR = 3,29, 95% CI: 1,01 ? 10,80).Kesimpulan : Kadar MMA >0,5 ppm memberikan risiko 4,9 kali lebih besar timbulnya keluhan subyektif respirasi pada pekerja. Kadar tersebut juga memberikan risiko 3,29 kali lebih besar timbulnya gangguan fungsi paru pada pekerja. Pekerja yang sudah bekerja >10 tahun menurunkan kemungkinan timbulnya keluhan subyektif respirasi sebesar 86 %. Efek ini diperkirakan akibat timbulnya toleransi pekerja terhadap keluhan subyektif seiring dengan waktu. Pekerja yang merokok memiliki risiko 3,94 kali lebih besar mengalami gangguan fungsi paru.

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Background : Dental laboratory workers are at risk of respiratory symptom and pulmonary function disorder,due to exposure to methyl methacrylate (MMA). The objective of this study is to know the level of MMA at dental laboratories at DKI Jakarta and Kotamadya Tangerang, the risk of its exposure toward respiratory symptom and pulmonary function disorder among dental laboratory worker, and its association with individual and occupational factors.Method : This is a cross sectional study involving 69 dental laboratory workers from 4 laboratories. Data were collected through interview, observation, environmental MMA measurement and lung function examination by spirometer.Result : MMA levels in 4 dental laboratories were 0.26 ? 5.72 ppm, well below Treshold Limit Value. The prevalence of respiratory symptom was 39.1 %, with associated factors are MMA level >0.5 ppm (OR = 4.90, 95% CI: 1.49 ? 16.14) and working period of >10 years (OR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.03 ? 0.61). The prevalence of pulmonary function disorder was 44.9 %, all of them restrictive. Factors associated with pulmonary function disorder were smoking habit (OR = 3.94, 95% CI: 1.22 ? 12.76) and MMA level >0.5 ppm (OR = 3.29, 95% CI: 1.01 ? 10.80).Conclusion : MMA level of >0.5 ppm pose a 4.9 times greater risk of respiratory symptom among workers. That level also poses a risk 3.29 times greater of pulmonary function disorder among workers. Workers with >10 years length of service decreased their possibility of respiratory symptom by 86%. This effect is probably due to tolerance the workers develop towards the subjective symptoms. Smoking workers have a risk 3.94 times greater for pulmonary function disorder."

"Tingginya jumlah perokok aktif di kalangan pelajar. Merokok adalah penyebabnya dari beberapa kondisi keluhan pernafasan dan faktor risiko untuk beberapa kasus: fungsi paru-paru. Inkonsistensi antara dampak negatif merokok dan prevalensi tingkat merokok yang tinggi membuat penelitian tentang hubungan antara kebiasaan merokok dan Keluhan gejala pernafasan dan fungsi paru perlu dilakukan.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara kebiasaan merokok dengan fungsi dan gejala paru-paru pernapasan pada siswa di Depok.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode potong lintang dengan instrumen kuesioner penelitian dan alat uji. Kuesioner yang digunakan terdiri dari ATS. daftar pertanyaan (American Thoracic Society) untuk gejala pernapasan dan kuesioner Indeks Brinkman untuk kebiasaan merokok. Alat uji yang digunakan adalah spirometer merek EasyOne® Airspirometer. Penelitian ini diikuti oleh 116 siswa laki-laki perokok aktif di Depok. Data yang telah diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji non parametrik Mann-Whitney, T-test independen, dan korelasi bivariat Spearman. Hasil: Hasil analisis statistik dari 116 subjek menunjukkan mayoritas siswa adalah perokok aktif di Depok masih dalam kategori kebiasaan merokok ringan (96,56%) dan memiliki keluhan gejala pernafasan (74,14%). Ada siswa yang perokok aktif mengalami gangguan fungsi paru sebanyak 15,5%. Namun, secara statistik tidak ditemukanhubungan yang signifikan antara kebiasaan merokok pada mahasiswa perokok dengan keluhan gejala pernapasan dan gangguan fungsi paru.

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The high number of active smokers among students. Smoking is the cause of several respiratory conditions and a risk factor in some cases: lung function. The inconsistency between the negative impact of smoking and the prevalence of high smoking rates makes research on the relationship between smoking habits and complaints of respiratory symptoms and lung function necessary.

Objective: To determine the relationship between smoking habits and respiratory lung function and symptoms in students in Depok.

Methods: This study used a cross-sectional method with research questionnaire instruments and test equipment. The questionnaire used consisted of ATS. questionnaire (American Thoracic Society) for respiratory symptoms and a Brinkman Index questionnaire for smoking. The test equipment used is the EasyOne® Air brand spirometer spirometer. This study was followed by 116 male students who were active smokers in Depok. The data obtained were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test, independent T-test, and Spearman bivariate correlation. Results: The results of statistical analysis of 116 subjects showed that the majority of students were active smokers in Depok who were still in the category of light smoking habits (96.56%) and had complaints of respiratory symptoms (74.14%). There are students who are active smokers have lung function disorders as much as 15.5%. However, statistically not found There is a significant relationship between smoking habits in student smokers with complaints of respiratory symptoms and impaired lung function.

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"Latar Belakang: World Health Organization (WHO) menetapkan status pandemi COVID-19 secara global pada 11 Maret 2020. Covid-19 terutama mempengaruhi sistem pernapasan menyebabkan pneumonia dan dapat secara cepat masuk ke dalam kondisi acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Kurangnya pengetahuan mengenai Covid-19 dengan ARDS membuat para petugas medis harus terus mencari tatalaksana yang paling tepat, termasuk terapi non farmakologis.,salah satunya adalah posisi prone. Laporan kasus ini akan membahas mengenai efek posisi prone pada pernapasan pasien Covid-19 yang mengalami ARDS berat.Tujuan: Laporan kasus ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui efek klinis dan efek samping terkait posisi prone pada pasien Covid-19 yang mengalami ARDS berat.Metode: Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian deskiptif retrospektif dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang tercatat di rekam medis rawat inap pasien dengan kasus COVID-19 yang dilakukan posisi Prone selama perawatan di ICU RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Penelitian ini disajikan dengan desain studi laporan kasus.Laporan Kasus : Tiga pasien dirawat di ICU RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo di diagnosis Covid-19 dengan ARDS dan memiliki kondisi awal dan komorbid yang bervariasi. Pada ketiga pasien dilakukan posisi prone selama perawatan. Dari ketiga pasien didapatkan peningkatan PaO2, rasio PaO2/FiO2, saturasi oksigen perifer sejak posisi prone dilakukan hingga beberapa saat setelahnya, tetapi juga penurunan hemodinamik. Luaran di akhir perawatan cukup dipengaruhi kondisi awal dan komorbidSimpulan : Posisi prone memiliki efek perbaikan pada system pernapasan tetapi dengan efek samping pada hemodinamik dan luaran sangat dipengaruhi kondisi awal dan komorbid. Sebaiknya dilakukan pada 48 jam awal gejala ARDS dan dihindari pada komorbid kardiovaskular.

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ackground: On March 11th 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) stated that Covid-19 was a global pandemic. This disease mainly affects the respiratory system that will lead to pneumonia, and quickly becoming into acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS. The less knowledge of Covid-19 with ARDS encourages medical workers to find the appropriate management, including non pharmacological therapy, one of it is prone position. This serial case report, will review about the effect of prone position for respiratory function in ARDS patients due to COVID-19.

Goals: The purpose of this study is to find out the clinical and side effects of prone position on Covid-19 with ARDS patient

Method : This study is a retrospective descriptive study that using the medical record of Covid-19 patient whereas prone position have been performed during treatment in RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. This study is presented with design of serial case report.

Case Report : Three patients in the ICU of RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo with the diagnosis of Covid-19 with ARDS, all have variative condition and comorbids. Prone position have been performed during treatment. From the three patients, there are increase of PaO2, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, peripheral oxygen saturation since prone position was performed and sometime after, but also decreasing in the hemodynamic condition. The outcome at the end of the treatment is influenced by the early condition and comorbid

Conclusion : Prone position have good effect on respiratory system, but also also side effect on hemodynamic, and the outcome is influenced by the early condition and comorbid. It is better to be performed at the first 48 hours of the ARDS symptoms and avoided in the patient with cardiovascular comorbid"