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"Illuminating the world of archaeology.Archaeology conveys the excitement of archaeological discovery and explains how archaeologists think as they scientifically find, analyze, and interpret evidence. The main objective of this text is to provide an introduction to the broad and fascinating world of archaeology from the scientific perspective. Discussions on the theoretical aspects of archaeology, as well as the practical applications of what is learned about the past, have been updated and expanded upon in this fourth edition.Learning GoalsUpon completing this book, readers will be able to:Di."

"This textbook provides a collection of case studies in paleoanthropology demonstrating the method and limitations of science. These cases introduce the reader to various problems and illustrate how they have been addressed historically.  The various topics selected represent important corrections in the field, some critical breakthroughs, models of good reasoning and experimental design, and important ideas emerging from normal science.  "

"ABSTRAK A significant share of the U.S federal R&D budget is devoted to large-scale, complex technological system commonly referred to as "big science". Over the last two decades, these systems have continued to grow in size, complexity, development time, and cost. At the same time, political changes in the US, particulary the concern over goverment spending and the federal budget deficit, have made it more difficult for proponents to secure and preserve support for these programs over their (increasingly long) lifetimes. Using the U.S space shuttle and space station programs as examples, the article shows that the political requirements for obtaining approval and funding for large and expensive research and development projects create conditions that reduce the likelihood that they will succeed technologically. The problems of technology-based projects like those of the US space program are in fact deeply rooted in the American political process itself. "

"In the context past gross human rights violation cases in Indonesia, the President’s constitutionalauthority to propose amnesty law might by and large implicate legal and ethical aspects.Holistically, any forgiveness and oblivion against any human rights violators should consider thedevelopment and the dynamic of international criminal law, which arguably have been directedto an absolute individual criminal responsibility. Against this issue, this paper finds that based onlegal and ethical arguments, accompanied with various technical preconditions outlined in theBelfast Guideline on Amnesty and Accountability, an amnesty towards past gross human rightsviolators must be taken paradigmatically. Arguably, amnesty proceeding through an independentad hoc committee shall be able to challenge Indonesia’s transitional framework, namely: to workas a historian and a jurist. This suggests that the elements of amnesty, both procedural andsubstantial, need to work in the area of deliberative democracy that calls for public participationand the protection of human rights.Dalam konteks kasus pelanggaran berat hak asasi manusia (HAM) di Indonesia, kewenanganPresiden dalam memberikan amnesti dapat berimplikasi pada dua aspek, yakni: legal dan etik.Secara holistik, pemaafan dan pelupaan terhadap para pelanggar HAM pada masa lalu patutmempertimbangkan perkembangan dan dinamika hukum pidana internasional, yang mengarahpada pertanggungjawaban pidana secara absolut. Tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa logikaargumentatif secara legal dan etik, serta berbagai prasyarat teknis di dalam Belfast Guidelineon Amnesty and Accountability mengindikasikan bahwa amnesti terhadap pelanggar HAM masalalu harus dilakukan secara paradigmatik. Dalam hal ini, proses amnesti melalui komite ad hocyang mandiri dapat menjawab dua tantangan dalam kerangka kerja transisional di Indonesia,yakni: untuk bekerja sebagai sejarawan dan juga praktisi hukum. Dengan demikian, kebijakanamnesti mengisyaratkan bahwa elemen-elemen amnesti secara prosedural dan substantif wajibdijalankan dalam area demokrasi deliberatif yang menghendaki adanya partisipasi publik danperlindungan terhadap HAM."