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"The book covers the CMOS-based millimeter wave circuits and devices and presents methods and design techniques to use CMOS technology for circuits operating beyond 100 GHz. Coverage includes a detailed description of both active and passive devices, including modeling techniques and performance optimization. Various mm-wave circuit blocks are discussed, emphasizing their design distinctions from low-frequency design methodologies. This book also covers a device-oriented circuit design technique that is essential for ultra high speed circuits and gives some examples of device/circuit co-design that can be used for mm-wave technology."

"This book discusses some research results for CMOS-compatible silicon-based optical devices and interconnections. With accurate simulation and experimental demonstration, it provides insights on silicon-based modulation, advanced multiplexing, polarization and efficient coupling controlling technologies, which are widely used in silicon photonics. Researchers, scientists, engineers and especially students in the field of silicon photonics can benefit from the book. This book provides valuable knowledge, useful methods and practical design that can be considered in emerging silicon-based optical interconnections and communications. And it also give some guidance to student how to organize and complete an good dissertation."

"Pada perancangan filter untuk aplikasi komunikasi nirkabel Ultra Wide Band (UWB) yang beroperasi pada rentang frekuensi 3,1 GHz - 10,6 GHz, terdapat sistem komunikasi wireless local area network (WLAN) 802.11a yang bekerja pada rentang frekuensi 5,2 GHz sampai dengan 5,8 GHz, sehingga pada rentang frekuensi tersebut dapat terjadi interferensi antara kedua sistem. Untuk menjaga perangkat UWB, maka pada rancangan filter perlu ditambahkan sebuah bandstop response agar sistem komunikasi UWB tidak terganggu oleh sistem komunikasi WLAN. Oleh karena itu pada penelitian ini diusulkan rancangan filter ultra wideband band pass filter (UWB BPF) menggunakan dual mode resonator (DMR) dan interdigital capacitor untuk mendapatkan frekuensi UWB. Sedangkan untuk mendapatkan bandstop response pada frekuensi 5,2 GHz sampai dengan 5,8 GHz digunakan loading stub dan ditambahkan ground stub dengan via untuk mendapatkan sifat metamaterial. Frekuensi cutoff bawah dan atas dari filter rancangan ini dapat digeser dengan mengatur diameter luar dari ring dan panjang pendeknya interdigital capacitor sedangkan frekuensi tengah dari bandstop dapat diubah dengan cara mengatur lebar loading stub. Sifat metamaterial filter dapat dianalisa dengan menggunakan pendekatan saluran transmisi. Pada rancangan ini digunakan pendekatan model saluran transmisi Composite Right-Left Handed Transmission Line (CRLH-TL) yang dimodelkan dalam sebuah unit sel sebagai rangkaian induktor seri (LR) dan kapasitor seri (CL) dan kapasitor shunt (CR) serta induktor shunt (LL). Kelebihan dari CRLH-TL ini adalah strukturnya yang homogenous, dimana struktur homogenous adalah struktur yang rata-rata strukturnya lebih kecil dari panjang gelombang pemandu (λg). CRLH-TL dapat bekerja pada daerah broadband dengan rugi-rugi (losses) yang kecil. Selain itu, dimensi komponennya dapat dirancang hingga ¼ λ, sehingga memungkinkan miniaturisasi rancangan dengan struktur CRLH-TL ini. Dengan metode pendekatan teori CRLH-TL ini diharapkan mendapatkan dimensi yang lebih kecil dan kompak tanpa mengurangi kemampuan kerja filter. Hasil simulasi rancangan menggunakan perangkat lunak CST (Computer Simulation Technology) Microwave Studio 2011 didapatkan untuk parameter S21 Frekuensi cutoff bawah 3,15 GHz, frekuensi cutoff atas 10,21 GHz, bandstop response -10 dB didapatkan rentang frekuensi 5,43 GHz 5,95 GHz dengan frekuensi tengah pada 5,64 GHz, variasi group delay kurang dari 0,6 ns. Setelah dilakukan fabrikasi dan dilakukan pengukuran maka hasilnya menunjukkan pada bandpass response frekuensi cutoff bawah 2,76 GHz, frekuensi cutoff atas 8,04 GHz, bandstop response untuk -10 dB (90 % energi diredam ), didapatkan pada rentang frekuensi 4,96 GHz dan 5,62 GHz. dengan frekuensi tengah 5,13 GHz dan group delay kurang dari 0,8 ns.

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Design filters for wireless communications applications Ultra Wide Band (UWB) which operates in the frequency 3.1 GHz - 10.6 GHz, wireless LAN 802.11a communication system which works in the frequency 5.2 GHz to 5.8 GHz, so that in that range of frequency can occur interference between the two systems. To keep the 802.11a WLAN devices, then in the filter design needs to be added a bandstop response so UWB communication systems are not disturbed by the WLAN communication systems.

Therefore, this research proposed of ultra wideband filter band pass filter design (UWB BPF) use dual mode resonator and interdigital capacitor to get the UWB frequency. While, to get a bandstop response at frequency 5.2 GHz to 5.8 GHz which use loading stub and give additional ground stub with via to get metamaterial characteristic. Lower and upper cutoff frequency from this filter design can be shifted by adjusting the outer diameter from the ring and measurement (long and short) of interdigital capacitor while the center frequency of the bandstop can be changed by adjusting the width of the loading stub.

Characteristic of Metamaterial filter can be analyzed use the approaching of transmission line, this design is used the approaching of the transmission line model, Composite Right-Left Handed Transmission Line (CRLH TL) which designed in a unit cell as series inductor circuit (LR), series capacitor (CL), shunt capacitor (CR) and shunt inductors (LL). The advantages of CRLH Transmission Line is homogenous structure which is common structure that is smaller than the length of guide wavelength (λg), CRLH-TL can operate in the area of broadband with small losses. In addition, the dimensions of the components can be designed to λ, so it is possible to miniaturization the design with these CRLH structure. With the approach method of this CRLH-TL theory expected to have smaller dimensions and compact dimension without detract the ability of the filter.

The simulation design results using the software CST (Computer Simulation Technology) Microwave Studio 2011 obtained for parameters S21 Lower cutoff frequency of 3.15 GHz. upper cutoff frequency of 10,21 GHz. bandstop response -10 dB obtained frequency range 5.43 GHz 5.95 GHz with center frequency at 5.64 GHz, group delay variation of less than 0.6 ns. After fabrication and measurement then the result shows a bandpass response at lower cutoff frequency of 2.76 GHz, upper cutoff frequency of 8,04 GHz, While the bandstop response for -10 dB (90 % energy loss), obtained at a range of frequency 4,96 GHz and 5,62 GHz, with a center frequency of 5.13 GHz and group delay less than 0,8 ns."

"ABSTRAKDalam skripsi ini mixer multiband down conversion dengan teknologi CMOS 0.18- um dirancang dan disimulasikan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Advance Design System (ADS) 2011. Dari hasil simulasi mixer pada frekuensi 900 MHz didapat conversion gain 23dB, VSWR 1,33 dan noise figure 29 dB, pada frekuensi 2.1 GHz didapat conversion gain 26 dB, VSWR 1,35 dan noise figure 31,4 dB, pada frekuensi 2.3 GHz didapat conversion gain 25,2 dB, VSWR 1,19 dan noise figure 34,7 dB dan pada frekuensi 2.6 GHz didapat conversion gain 23,9 dB, VSWR 1,07 dan noise figure 30,4 dB. Isolasi antar port LO-IF kurang dari -350 dB, LO-RF kurang dari kurang dari -650 dB dan IF-RF kurang dari -650 dB. Mixer dicatu dengan tegangan 3 V dan arus yang mengalir pada rangkaian sebesar 7 mA.

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ABSTRACT

In this final project multiband down conversion mixer is designed by using 0.18-um CMOS technology in Advance Design System (ADS) 2011 software. The result of the mixer simulation for 900 MHz the conversion gain 23 dB, VSWR 1,33 and noise figure 29 dB, at frequency 2.1 GHz the conversion gain 26 dB, VSWR 1,35 and noise figure 31,4 dB, for 2.3 GHz it has conversion gain 25,2 dB, VSWR 1,19 and noise figure 34,7 dB and at frequency 2.6 GHz conversion gain 23,9 dB, VSWR 1,07 and noise figure 30,4 dB. Port isolation between LO-IF is less than -350 dB, LO-RF is less than -650 dB, and IF-RF is less than -650 dB. Mixer is supplied by 3 V and the current is 7 mA."

"Dalam perkembangan pesat teknologi informasi dan komunikasi, power amplifier memainkan peran yang sangat penting dan krusial dalam sistem komunikasi nirkabel karena merupakan komponen utama yang menentukan efisiensi dan keandalan sistem transmisi. Power amplifier mengambil daya terbesar dalam sistem transmiter, sehingga efisiensi dan keandalannya sangat mempengaruhi kinerja keseluruhan. Penelitian ini berfokus pada power amplifier kelas E yang dikenal memiliki efisiensi daya tinggi hingga 100%, menjadikannya ideal untuk aplikasi nirkabel. Frekuensi kerja 2,4 GHz sangat penting dalam teknologi komunikasi nirkabel seperti WiFi, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), dan Zigbee. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merancang power amplifier kelas E dengan efisiensi tinggi pada frekuensi 2,4 GHz menggunakan simulasi dalam Advanced Design System (ADS) dari Keysight, dengan PDK TSMC RF 90 nm, tanpa implementasi fisik. Metodologi penelitian dimulai dengan studi literatur untuk memahami teori dasar dan perkembangan terkini terkait power amplifier kelas E, karakteristik transistor, matching network, dan parameter kinerja. Selanjutnya, ditentukan spesifikasi utama power amplifier dan dilakukan simulasi serta karakterisasi transistor untuk memastikan kinerja optimal. Analisis stabilitas dilakukan untuk memastikan transistor berada dalam kondisi stabil tanpa syarat. Simulasi load pull dilakukan untuk menentukan impedansi optimal yang digunakan untuk merancang matching network. Proses tuning dan optimisasi menggunakan ADS dilakukan untuk mencapai parameter kinerja yang ditargetkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa power amplifier kelas E yang dirancang berhasil memenuhi sebagian besar target yang ditetapkan. Pada variasi proses TT (Typical-Typical), power amplifier menunjukkan performa yang baik dengan gain sebesar 10,734 dB dan PAE sebesar 51,709%. Stabilitasnya mencapai 1,153, S21 sebesar 17,6 dB, S11 sebesar -12,218 dB, dan S22 sebesar -8,49 dB.

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In the rapid advancement of information and communication technology, the power amplifier has become a crucial component in wireless communication systems. The power amplifier consumes the most power in the transmitter system, thus its efficiency and reliability significantly affect overall performance. This research focuses on the class E power amplifier, known for its high power efficiency of up to 100%, making it ideal for wireless applications. The 2.4 GHz operating frequency is critical in wireless communication technologies such as WiFi, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), and Zigbee. The objective of this research is to design a high-efficiency class E power amplifier operating at 2.4 GHz using simulations in Keysight's Advanced Design System (ADS) with the TSMC RF 90 nm PDK, without physical implementation. The research methodology begins with a literature study to understand the fundamental theory and recent developments related to class E power amplifiers, transistor characteristics, matching networks, and performance parameters. Subsequently, the main specifications of the power amplifier are determined, followed by simulations and transistor characterization to ensure optimal performance. Stability analysis is conducted to ensure the transistor operates unconditionally stable. Load pull simulations are performed to determine the optimal impedance used for designing the matching network. The tuning and optimization processes using ADS are carried out to achieve the targeted performance parameters. The research results show that the designed class E power amplifier successfully meets most of the set targets. In the TT (Typical-Typical) process variation, the power amplifier demonstrates good performance with a gain of 10.734 dB and a PAE of 51.709%. Its stability factor reaches 1.153, S21 is 17.6 dB, S11 is -12.218 dB, and S22 is -8.49 dB."