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"The theory of oppositions based on Aristotelian foundations of logic has been pictured in a striking square diagram which can be understood and applied in many different ways having repercussions in various fields: epistemology, linguistics, mathematics, sociology, physics. The square can also be generalized in other two-dimensional or multi-dimensional objects extending in breadth and depth the original Aristotelian theory.The square of opposition from its origin in antiquity to the present day continues to exert a profound impact on the development of deductive logic. Since 10 years there is a new growing interest for the square due to recent discoveries and challenging interpretations. This book presents a collection of previously unpublished papers by high level specialists on the square from all over the world."

"Film Spy (2015) memberikan penggambaran baru tentang agen rahasia yang belum pernah ditunjukkan dalam film-film Hollywood sebelumnya. Film tersebut menampilkan agen rahasia wanita bernama Susan Cooper sebagai karakter utama dan menggambarkan dirinya sebagai agen rahasia yang lebih mumpuni dalam menjalankan misi dibandingkan dengan agen rahasia laki-laki bernama Rick Ford. Jurnal ini menjabarkan bagaimana penggambaran baru tentang agen rahasia dalam film Spy muncul sebagai kritik atas maskulinitas dan stereotip dominan yang melekat pada tokoh agen rahasia di film-film Hollywood, terutama James Bond. Film Spy dianalisis sebagai teks menggunakan teori oposisi biner pada gender dari Judith Buttler (1990) dan konsep teknik humor dari Buijzen dan Valkenburg (2014), serta teknik humor dari Berger yang dikutip oleh Trisilo (2014). Jurnal ini menjelaskan bahwa film Spy mendekonstruksikan strereotip tradisional agen rahasia dengan cara membalikkan penggambaran yang ada dalam tokoh James Bond melalui tokoh Cooper dan Ford. Keterbalikkan tersebut menciptakan penggambaran baru dan mendekonstruksi stereotip tradisional agen rahasia secara bersamaan.

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Spy movie (2015) freshly offers new portrayals of secret agents that have never been shown in Hollywood movie industry. The movie puts the female secret agent character, Susan Cooper, as the leading character and the one that is more capable in carrying field task than the male secret agent, Rick Ford. This paper explores how the new portrayals of secret agent in Spy movie serve as a critic towards masculinity and dominant stereotype of secret agent constructed in Hollywood movies, particularly James Bond.

The movie is analyzed from gender binary opposition perspective by Judith Buttler (1990) and the concept of humor technique from Buijzen and Valkenburg (2014) and humor technique from Berger quoted in Trisilo (2014). This paper discovers that Spy movie deconstructs the traditional stereotype of secret agent by reversing the representations presented in James Bond through Cooper and Ford characters. The reversals strongly proffer the new portrayals of secret agent and deconstruct the traditional stereotypes of secret agent at the same time."

"Kajian ini menganalisis sikap dan kebijakan yang diambil Turki dalam berelasi dengan sekutu NATO-nya terkait permasalahan pasukan Kurdi Suriah. Tidak puas dengan sikap NATO yang mendukung pasukan Kurdi Suriah, pemerintahan Erdogan memutuskan untuk bertindak secara sepihak dan melancarkan tiga operasi militer di Suriah demi menghancurkan pasukan Kurdi Suriah. Unit Perlindungan Rakyat (YPG) dan Pasukan Demokratik Suriah (SDF) merupakan kelompok milisi Kurdi di Suriah yang dianggap sebagai ancaman terorisme bagi Turki tetapi tidak bagi NATO. Kajian ini menganalisis relasi Turki-NATO melalui persepsi ancaman terhadap YPG/SDF akibat minimnya literatur yang membahas topik tersebut. Dengan menggunakan kerangka kerja analisis Oposisi Intra Aliansi dari Oya Dursun Ozkanca dan Dilema Keamanan Aliansi dari Glenn Snyder, serta metode penelitian causal-process tracing, kajian ini menemukan bahwa penyebab dari sikap oposisi Turki terhadap NATO adalah karena tidak terpenuhinya indikator komitmen dari variabel fear of entrapment. Penulis berargumen bahwa tidak terpenuhinya komitmen dari NATO/Amerika Serikat dalam menyediakan dukungan baik fisik maupun retorik, sepanjang tiga operasi militer Turki, menyebabkan fear of abandonment Turki.

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This study analyzes the attitudes and policies taken by Turkey in dealing with its NATO allies regarding the issue of the Syrian Kurdish forces. Not satisfied with NATO's stance in favor of Syrian Kurdish forces, Erdogan‘s government decided to act unilaterally and launch three military operations in Syria to destroy Syrian Kurdish forces. The People's Protection Unit (YPG) and the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) are Kurdish militia groups in Syria that are considered a terrorist threat to Turkey but not to NATO. This study analyzes Turkey-NATO relations through the perceived threat to the YPG/SDF due to the lack of literature discussing this topic. By using the analytical framework of Oya Dursun Ozkanca's Intra-Alliance Opposition and Glenn Snyder's Alliance Security Dilemma, as well as the causal-process tracing research method, this study finds that the cause of Turkey's opposition towards NATO is due to the non-fulfillment of the commitment indicator from the fear of entrapment variable. The author argues that the non-fulfillment of commitments from NATO/USA in providing both physical and rhetorical support, throughout Turkey's three military operations, caused Turkey's fear of abandonment."

"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai strategi penolakan hasil pemilu Kamboja pada tahun 2013 oleh oposisi Cambodia National Rescue Party. Strategi ini dilakukan dengan cara-cara yang memicu kemarahan Cambodia People’s Partysebagai partai penguasa di Kamboja. Sehingga berdampak terhadap pelemahan oposisi Cambodia National Rescue Partyyang merupakan satu-satunya partai oposisi terbesar di Kamboja sejak pemilu 2013. Dengan menggunakan teori opposition party modesoleh Anthony King penulis melihat peristiwa yang terjadi sejak pemilu 2013 hingga menjelang pemilu 2018 sebagai konflik antara legislatif dengan eksekutif. Penelitian ini memiliki argumentasi bahwa pembubaran oposisi Cambodia National Rescue Partymenjelang pemilu 2018 merupakan tujuan utama Cambodia People’s Party dalam reaksinya menanggapi strategi penolakan hasil pemilu 2013 di Kamboja oleh oposisi Cambodia National Rescue Party.

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This study discusses the strategy of rejecting the results of the Cambodia elections in 2013 by the opposition Cambodia National Rescue Party. This strategy was carried out in ways that sparked the anger of the Cambodia People’s Party as the ruling party in Cambodia. So it has an impact on the weakening of the Cambodia National Rescue Party opposition which is the single largest opposition party in Cambodia since the 2013 elections. Using the theory of opposition party modes by Anthony King the authors see events that took place from the 2013 elections until the 2018 elections as conflicts between the legislative and executive. This research has the argument that the dissolution of the opposition Cambodia National Rescue Party ahead of the 2018 elections is the main goal of the Cambodia People's Party in its reaction to responding to the strategy of rejecting the 2013 election results in Cambodia by the opposition Cambodia National Rescue Party."

"Travel writing (catatan perjalanan) telah menjadi medium dokumentasi bagi para penjelajah Eropa, termasuk dari Belanda, ketika menjelajahi luar Eropa pada abad ke-16 hingga ke-19. Kini travel writing telah diakui sebagai sumber sejarah penting bagi Belanda dan juga wilayah-wilayah yang dikunjungi penjelajah Belanda. Penelitian ini berfokus pada buku Mijn Indische Reis (1931), catatan perjalanan H.P. Berlage ketika di Hindia Belanda pada tahun 1923. Identitas Berlage sebagai orang Barat yang melakukan perjalanan ke Timur menjadi unsur menarik untuk mengkaji bagaimana penilaian Berlage sebagai orang Barat terhadap budaya Hindia Belanda. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan pascakolonial yakni Orientalisme dari Edward Said, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa terdapat narasi oposisi biner dalam perbandingan budaya antara Hindia Belanda dengan Barat yang dilakukan oleh Berlage. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perubahan narasi oposisi biner Berlage sehingga identitasnya terekonstruksi di Timur. Ambivalensi narasi oposisi biner di akhir perjalanan Berlage menunjukkan perubahan pandangan orientalis Berlage sebagai orang Barat dengan mengutarakan kritiknya terhadap praktik kolonial yang dilakukan oleh bangsa Belanda. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan Mijn Indische Reis (1931) adalah medium kritik Berlage terhadap pandangan Barat mengenai Timur

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Travel writing has become a medium of documentation for European explorers, including those from the Netherlands when exploring outside Europe in the 16th to 19th centuries. Now travel writing has been recognized as an important historical source for the Netherlands and also for the regions visited by Dutch explorers. This research focuses on the book Mijn Indische Reis (1931), a travel writing of H.P. Berlage while in the Dutch East Indies in 1923. Berlage's identity as a Westerner who traveled to the East is a unique element in examining how Berlage as a Westerner assessed Dutch Indies culture. By using a postcolonial theoretical approach, namely Orientalism by Edward Said, this research finds that there are binary opposition narratives in the cultural comparison between the Dutch East Indies and the West carried out by Berlage. The results of the research show that there is a change in Berlage's binary opposition narrative so that his identity is reconstructed in the East. The ambivalence of the binary opposition narrative at the end of Berlage's journey shows a change in Berlage's orientalist view as a Westerner by expressing his criticism of colonial practices carried out by the Dutch. So it can be concluded that Mijn Indische Reis (1931) is a medium for Berlage's criticism of Western views on the East."

"This research aims to learn a potential and a struggle of the Chinese in clash of power during Amangkurat I (1646 – 1677) reign. The Chinese role was represented by Rara Oyi and her parents, Ki and Nyi Mangun. Literature study is done by applying binary opposition which is part of Post Collonialism theory. Analysis is done by showing evidences related to Binary opposition, which are good versus bad, man versus woman, powerful versus powerless, majority versus minority, oppressor and oppressed, rich versus poor, and love versus hate. It can be concluded that all aspects of binary oppositios and multiculturalism are presented clearly in Rembulan Ungu novel written by Bondan Nusantara."

"Penelitian ini membahas gerakan politik yang diprakasai oleh masyarakat sipil dalam menentang pasangan calon tunggal yang memiliki afiliasi politik kepada keluarga politik lokal pada Pilkada 2018 di Kabupaten Lebak. Penelitian ini membahas kemunculan dari gerakan politik Kotak Kosong dan mekanisme yang dilakukan oleh oposisi yang tergabung ke Kotak Kosong dalam melawan hegemoni keluarga politik. Penelitian ini juga membahas cara petahana dalam membendung arus oposisi, agar secara skala dan teritorial politik kelompok oposisi tidak memperoleh kemenangan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Penulis menggunakan literatur Boundary Control (Gibson, 2012) dan demokratisasi subnasional dan gerakan sosial (Trix Van Mierlo, 2021). Hasil penelitian menunujukkan bahwa di satu sisi, petahana melakukan boundary closing untuk mempertahankan kekuasaannya dengan mekanisme parokialisasi kekuasaan, pemborongan partai politik, dan patronase. Sedangkan, di sisi yang lain, kelompok oposisi melakukan boundary opening untuk menarik atensi elite nasional dalam Pilkada 2018. Kemunculan gerakan politik ini menjadi sesuatu yang baru di tengah hegemoni keluarga politik. Hasilnya, kemunculan gerakan politik ini karena struktur peluang politik yang tertutup dan oposisi mengalami kegagalan. Sebab, strategi yang digunakan tidak dilakukan secara komprehensif, melainkan hanya ada di wilayah tertentu, tidak adanya kandidat demokratis yang didukung, hanya mendukung Kotak Kosong sebagat alat politik, dan gerakan Barisan Juang Kotak Kosong yang tidak bisa membawa kepentingan elite nasional ke daerah.

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This research discusses the political movement initiated by civil society in opposing a single candidate pairs who have political affiliations to local political families in the 2018 regional head election in Lebak Regency. This study discusses the emergence of the empty box political movement and the mechanisms carried out by the opposition who are members of the empty box in fighting the hegemony of the political family. This research also discusses the incumbent’s ways of stemming the flow of opposition, so that on a political scale and territory the opposition group does not win. The research method used is a qualitative method with a case study approach. The author draws on the literature on Boundary Control (Gibson, 2012) and subnational democratization and social movements (Trix Van Mierlo, 2021). The results of the study show that on the one hand, incumbents do boundary closing to maintain their power with mechanisms of power parochialization, political party financing, and patronage. Meanwhile, on the other hand, opposition groups carried out boundary opening to attract the attention of national elites in the 2018 regional head elections. The emergence of this political movement is something new in the midst of superior political family hegemony. As a result, the emergence of this political movement was due to closed political opportunity structures and the opposition failed. This is because the strategy used was not carried out in a comprehensive manner, but only existed in certain areas, the absence of democratic candidates being supported, only supporting empty boxes as a political tool, and the empty box fighter group movement that cannot bring the interests of the national elite to the regions."

"Tugas akhir ini membahas mengenai pola relasi antara negara dan oposisi non-sistemik dari perseteruan politik yang terjadi di Rusia dalam kurun waktu 2017 hingga 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang bersifat eksplanatif. Teori contentious politics yang dipadu dengan model sumbu motivasi dan perilaku menjadi alat analisis penelitian ini yang mencoba mengkaji bagaimana perseteruan politik yang terjadi di Rusia pada tahun 2017 hingga 2019 membentuk pola relasi antara negara dan oposisi non-sistemik. Melalui pendekatan Synthetic Political Opportunity Theory (SPOT) yang berada dalam teori contentious politics, penelitian ini mengkaji secara mendalam masing-masing kekuatan negara dan oposisi non-sistemik yang diidentifikasi memiliki pengaruh dengan berlangsungnya perseteruan politik yang terjadi dan penggunaan model sumbu motivasi dan perilaku untuk mengidentifikasi pola relasi negara dan oposisi non-sistemik dari perseteruan politik tersebut.

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This paper discusses about the pattern of relations between state and non-systemic opposition through the contentious politics that occurred in Russia in the period 2017 to 2019. This study uses qualitative methods. With the help of the broadened contentious politics theory that include motivational and behavioral axes, this research examines how the political dispute that occurred in Russia in 2017 to 2019 made patterns of relations between countries and non-systemic opposition. Through the approach of Synthetic Political Opportunity Theory (SPOT) which is in accordance with the contentious politics theory, this study examines thoroughly each power that state and non-systemic opposition had that predispose the occurrence of the dispute and the inclusion of behavioral and motivasional axes gives allows the researcher to examine and identify the relationship pattern between state and non-systemic opposition."