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"Penyakit gigi dan mulut yang menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat pada umumnya adalah penyakit/kelainan pada jaringan penyangga gigi (periodontal diseases) dan karies gigi. Kedua penyakit tersebut menimbulkan gangguan fungsi kunyah yang menyebabkan terganggunya penyerapan dan pencernaan makanan, selain itu juga gigi gangren (busuk) merupakan fokal infeksi yang menimbulkan penyakit pada organ tubuh lainnya. Proporsi karies pada anak sekolah di Kabupaten Bandung yaitu 56,78%. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian karies aktif pada anak usia 3-5 tahun yang tercatat di posyandu wilayah kerja puskesmas mohamad Ramdan di Kota Bandung. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan Februari sampai Mei di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Mohammad Ramdan Kota Bandung Tahun 2010. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan desain cross sectional. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 289 orang, pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara Systematic Random Sampling . Data dianalisis dengan analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivariat dengan menggunakan regresi logistik ganda. Dari hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa responden yang mempunyai tingkat kebersihan mulut yang buruk berisiko 2 kali untuk mempunyai tingkat karies tinggi dibandingkan dengan responden yang mempunyai kebersihan mulut yang baik (95% CI : 1,20 - 3,33), responden yang mempunyai kebiasaan minum susu dalam botol menjelang tidur mempunyai risiko 1,74 kali untuk mempunyai tingkat karies tinggi dibandingkan dengan responden yang tidak mempunyai kebiasaan minum susu botol menjelang tidur (95% CI : 1,05 - 2,88), responden yang tidak mempunyai kebiasaan menyikat gigi setiap 30 menit setelah sarapan dan sebelum tidur mempunyai risiko 2,29 kali untuk mempunyai tingkat karies tinggi dibandingkan dengan responden yang mempunyai kebiasaan menyikat gigi setiap 30 menit setelah sarapan dan sebelum tidur (95% CI : 1,35 - 3,88). Upaya yang dilakukan untuk mencegah terjadinya karies gigi pada anak adalah perlu diadakannya program UKGS (Usaha Kesehatan Gigi Sekolah) ditingkat pendidikan taman kanak-kanak agar pencegahan penyakit gigi dan mulut dapat dilakukan sedini mungkin.

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Teeth and mouth disease became a public health problem in general is a disease / disorder in the network buffer teeth (periodontal diseases) and dental caries. Both these diseases cause disturbances that can affect chewing function of the absorption and digestion of food, while also dental gangrene (decay) is the focal infections that cause disease in other organs. The proportion of caries in school children in Bandung Regency is 56.78%. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with active caries incidence in children aged 3-5 years was recorded in the working area of the neighborhood health center clinic in Bandung Mohamad Ramdan. The experiment was conducted from February to May in the Working Area Health Center Mohammad Ramdan city of Bandung in 2010. This study uses cross sectional design. The number of samples in this study as many as 289 people, sampling was done by Systematic Random Sampling. Data were analyzed by univariate analysis, bivariate and multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression.

From the results of multivariate analysis showed that respondents who had poor oral hygiene level of risk for two times to have a high level of caries compared with respondents who have good oral hygiene (95% CI: 1.20 to 3.33), respondents who have the habit of drinking milk in a bottle at bedtime had a risk 1.74 times to have a high level of caries compared with respondents who do not have the habit of drinking milk bottle at bedtime (95% CI: 1.05 to 2.88), respondents who did not have a habit of brushing teeth every 30 minutes after breakfast and before bed have 2.29 times the risk for having high levels of caries compared with respondents who have the habit of brushing teeth every 30 minutes after breakfast and before bed (95% CI: 1.35 to 3, 88). Efforts to prevent the occurrence of dental caries in children is necessary holding UKGS programs (Health Enterprises Dental School) education level, kindergarten to dental and oral disease prevention can be done as early as possible."

"Orthodontic medical treatment is performed to move a tooth to the optimal position to obtain optimal occlusion. Orthodontic treatment is accompanied by mechanical stress due to orthodontic force and by psychological stress that is experienced as pain or displeasure. The purpose of this study was to identify stress marker proteins during orthodontic treatment. Levels of receptor activator of NFκB (RANKL) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were analyzed as markers of mechanical stress, and levels of chromogranin A (CgA) and amylase in whole saliva were analyzed as markers of psychological stress. GCF was collected from control and experimental teeth at initiation of treatment and 24 h after treatment. Whole saliva was collected before treatment, at initiation of treatment and 24 h after treatment. RANKL was expressed at 24 h after treatment in the experimental GCF, but not in the control GCF. HSP70 appeared to be constitutively expressed in GCF, and its levels showed no major change between the control and experimental groups from initiation of treatment to 24 h after treatment. Amylase activity in whole saliva was enhanced at 24 h after treatment compared to control, but CgA levels showed little change between the groups. These results indicated that RANKL and amylase may be the candidate markers for mechanical and psychological stress, respectively, during orthodontic treatment, even though the total protein concentration and amylase activity displayed a large standard deviation among subjects. Further studies are therefore required to establish these markers for clinical use."