Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"[ABSTRAKIdentifikasi keberadaan hidrokarbon di bawah permukaan bumi merupakansalah satu tujuan utama dalam eksplorasi lapangan minyak bumi dalam usahamengidentifikasi keberadaan hidrokarbon. Impedansi-poisson yang merupakansalah satu metoda yang digunakan untuk mendiskriminasi sifat fisis batuanterhadap fluida dengan cara mengamati sensitivitas dari rasio poisson telahditerapkan lebih lanjut untuk menghasilkan suatu metoda turunan yang lebih baik.Pendekatan sifat fisika batuan antara impedansi-poisson dengan log sumuran yangmerepresentasikan properti batuan menghasilkan suatu metoda turunan yangdinamakan impedansi-litologi. Sedangkan pendekatan sifat fisis fluida yangterkandung didalam batuan terhadap impedansi-poisson menghasilkan diskriminasikandungan fluida didalam batuan yang kemudian dinamakan impedansi-fluida.Metoda TCCA – Target Coeffisien Corellation Analysis – yang digunakanuntuk mencari koefisien korelasi tertinggi dari sifat fisis batuan terhadapimpedansi-poisson telah digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk menghasilkan logsumuran impedansi-litologi dan impedansi-fluida yang kemudian di propagasidengan neural network. Hasil propagasi impedansi-litologi digunakan sebagaiinput untuk kalkulasi atribut koherensi yang diperkuat dengan hasil propagasiimpedansi-fluida untuk menghasilkan prediksi sebaran batuan reservoar.Dari hasil penelitian pada horison FS33 terlihat pola channel yangterbentuk dan tervalidasi dengan data sumur. Demikian juga pada sayatan horisonFS37, pola channel batuan reservoar terlihat dengan jelas dan tervalidasi terhadapdua sumur yang dilalui. Sedangkan pada sayatan horison FS42 selainteridentifikasi pola channel reservoar yang terbentuk, teridentifikasi juga batuankarbonat yang divalidasi dengan data sumur dan data batuan inti

---

ABSTRACTHydrocarbon identification in subsurface is one of main goals in petroleumexploration so that the litho-fluid content discriminations are a part of hydrocarbonidentifications which have been widely applied today. Poisson-impedance which isone of the new methods that are used to discriminate rocks by examining thesensitivity of physical rock properties of poisson-ratio has been further developedto produce derivatives method. Physical properties approaches between poissonratioand a well-log which represents rock properties can be used to get highestcorrelation to produce a new derivative well-log named lithology-impedance. As afluid-rock properties approach between poisson-ratio and a well-log representslitho-fluid content properties produces a new derivative well-log named fluidimpedance.TCCA method –Target Coeffisien Corellation Analyst– is used to find thehighest correlation coefficient of the physical properties of rock fluid on thepoisson ratio has been used in this study to generate two new derivatives well-logwhich would be propagated by means of neural-networks. The result of lithologyimpedancepropagation is further proceed with seismic coherence attribute as areflection of geology and stratigraphy forms which are then combined with fluidimpedancepropagation result to emphasize reservoir prediction distributionlaterally.The study results of FS33 slicing discovers sand channels pattern andvalidated by well-log. Similarly with horizon slicing of FS37, patterns of sandchannels reservoir are clearly visible and validated against two well-logs thatpassed. While on horizon slicing of FS42 besides discovering sand channels,carbonate rocks is also identified which is validated by well-log and core sampleanalyst.;Hydrocarbon identification in subsurface is one of main goals in petroleumexploration so that the litho-fluid content discriminations are a part of hydrocarbonidentifications which have been widely applied today. Poisson-impedance which isone of the new methods that are used to discriminate rocks by examining thesensitivity of physical rock properties of poisson-ratio has been further developedto produce derivatives method. Physical properties approaches between poissonratioand a well-log which represents rock properties can be used to get highestcorrelation to produce a new derivative well-log named lithology-impedance. As afluid-rock properties approach between poisson-ratio and a well-log representslitho-fluid content properties produces a new derivative well-log named fluidimpedance.TCCA method –Target Coeffisien Corellation Analyst– is used to find thehighest correlation coefficient of the physical properties of rock fluid on thepoisson ratio has been used in this study to generate two new derivatives well-logwhich would be propagated by means of neural-networks. The result of lithologyimpedancepropagation is further proceed with seismic coherence attribute as areflection of geology and stratigraphy forms which are then combined with fluidimpedancepropagation result to emphasize reservoir prediction distributionlaterally.The study results of FS33 slicing discovers sand channels pattern andvalidated by well-log. Similarly with horizon slicing of FS37, patterns of sandchannels reservoir are clearly visible and validated against two well-logs thatpassed. While on horizon slicing of FS42 besides discovering sand channels,carbonate rocks is also identified which is validated by well-log and core sampleanalyst.;Hydrocarbon identification in subsurface is one of main goals in petroleumexploration so that the litho-fluid content discriminations are a part of hydrocarbonidentifications which have been widely applied today. Poisson-impedance which isone of the new methods that are used to discriminate rocks by examining thesensitivity of physical rock properties of poisson-ratio has been further developedto produce derivatives method. Physical properties approaches between poissonratioand a well-log which represents rock properties can be used to get highestcorrelation to produce a new derivative well-log named lithology-impedance. As afluid-rock properties approach between poisson-ratio and a well-log representslitho-fluid content properties produces a new derivative well-log named fluidimpedance.TCCA method –Target Coeffisien Corellation Analyst– is used to find thehighest correlation coefficient of the physical properties of rock fluid on thepoisson ratio has been used in this study to generate two new derivatives well-logwhich would be propagated by means of neural-networks. The result of lithologyimpedancepropagation is further proceed with seismic coherence attribute as areflection of geology and stratigraphy forms which are then combined with fluidimpedancepropagation result to emphasize reservoir prediction distributionlaterally.The study results of FS33 slicing discovers sand channels pattern andvalidated by well-log. Similarly with horizon slicing of FS37, patterns of sandchannels reservoir are clearly visible and validated against two well-logs thatpassed. While on horizon slicing of FS42 besides discovering sand channels,carbonate rocks is also identified which is validated by well-log and core sampleanalyst., Hydrocarbon identification in subsurface is one of main goals in petroleumexploration so that the litho-fluid content discriminations are a part of hydrocarbonidentifications which have been widely applied today. Poisson-impedance which isone of the new methods that are used to discriminate rocks by examining thesensitivity of physical rock properties of poisson-ratio has been further developedto produce derivatives method. Physical properties approaches between poissonratioand a well-log which represents rock properties can be used to get highestcorrelation to produce a new derivative well-log named lithology-impedance. As afluid-rock properties approach between poisson-ratio and a well-log representslitho-fluid content properties produces a new derivative well-log named fluidimpedance.TCCA method –Target Coeffisien Corellation Analyst– is used to find thehighest correlation coefficient of the physical properties of rock fluid on thepoisson ratio has been used in this study to generate two new derivatives well-logwhich would be propagated by means of neural-networks. The result of lithologyimpedancepropagation is further proceed with seismic coherence attribute as areflection of geology and stratigraphy forms which are then combined with fluidimpedancepropagation result to emphasize reservoir prediction distributionlaterally.The study results of FS33 slicing discovers sand channels pattern andvalidated by well-log. Similarly with horizon slicing of FS37, patterns of sandchannels reservoir are clearly visible and validated against two well-logs thatpassed. While on horizon slicing of FS42 besides discovering sand channels,carbonate rocks is also identified which is validated by well-log and core sampleanalyst.]"

"Penelitian dilakukan pada reservoir batupasir di Lapangan "Deju" Formasi Talang Akar, Sub Cekungan Ciputat, Jawa Barat Utara. Struktur geologi yang berkembang di daerah penelitian adalah setengah graben dengan fasies pengendapan yang berkembang dari endapan fluvio-delta hingga endapan laut dangkal di puncak formasi Talang Akar. Karakterisasi waduk di lapangan sangat penting terutama dalam menentukan zona prospek waduk yang akan dikembangkan. Oleh karena itu, identifikasi sebaran litologi batuan reservoir dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode inversi seismik post stack dan sifat fisik reservoir menggunakan analisis petrofisika dapat memudahkan interpreter dalam mengkarakterisasi suatu reservoir. Metodologi penelitian meliputi pengolahan data seismik dan wireline logging, interpretasi horizon dan sesar, pembuatan peta struktur waktu, inversi seismik, dan analisis parameter petrofisika. Dengan metode inversi impedansi akustik seismik didapatkan bahwa trend sebaran reservoir batupasir hanya terkonsentrasi disekitar cekungan dengan range nilai impedansi akustik berkisar antara (8600 - 11000) (m / s) * (g / cc). Dalam perhitungan petrofisika diketahui bahwa sumur LL1 dan LL3 memiliki prospek hidrokarbon yang relatif baik, sedangkan sumur LL4 merupakan sumur prospek non hidrokarbon (dry hole).

---

The research was conducted at a sandstone reservoir in the "Deju" Field of the Talang Akar Formation, Ciputat Sub Basin, North West Java. The geological structure that develops in the study area is a half graben with depositional facies that develops from fluvio-deltaic deposits to shallow marine deposits at the top of the Talang Akar formation. Reservoir characterization in the field is very important, especially in determining the zone of the reservoir prospect to be developed. Therefore, identification of reservoir rock lithology distribution is carried out using post stack seismic inversion method and reservoir physical properties using petrophysical analysis can facilitate interpreters in characterizing a reservoir. The research methodology includes seismic data processing and wireline logging, interpretation of horizons and faults, creation of time structure maps, seismic inversion, and analysis of petrophysical parameters. With the seismic acoustic impedance inversion method, it is found that the distribution trend of the sandstone reservoir is only concentrated around the basin with a range of acoustic impedance values ​​ranging from (8600 - 11000) (m / s) * (g / cc). In petrophysical calculations, it is known that LL1 and LL3 wells have relatively good hydrocarbon prospects, while LL4 wells are non-hydrocarbon prospects (dry hole)."

"Lapangan ‘R’ merupakan lapangan eksplorasi yang berada pada Cekungan Jawa Timur Bagian Utara. Data yang digunakan pada studi ini meliputi data seismik darat 2D post stack danpre stack serta data log sumur. Pada data post stack terlihat adanya bright spot sebagai indikator keberadaan hidrokarbon (direct hidrokarbon indicator). Anomali DHI yang muncul pada data post stack memperlihatkan adanya energy atau nilai amplitudo yang membesar disbanding amplitudo sekitarnya. Anomali ini menjadi acuan untuk menganalisa anomali amplitudo terhadapoffset yang dikenal dengan anomali AVO. Fokus studi pada formasi Ngrayong dimana berdasarkan geologi regional merupakan reservoar utama dengan bukti outcrop yang memiliki porositas dan permeabilitas sangat baik. Analisa AVO dilakukan untuk menjawab penyebab anomali amplitudo apakah dikarenakan perbedaan litologi atau adanya fluida yang mengisi rongga batuan. Rekonstruksi penjalaran gelombang dilakukan dengan mengamati setiap CDP dari berbagai sudut dan offset yang berbeda-beda. AVO inversi melibatkan parameter gelombang S yang sensitive terhadap keberadaan fluida. Pada inversi AVO parameter fisis batuan lain seperti poisson ratio, Mu-rho (μρ), lambda-rho (λρ) dapat dihitung sebagai pendekatan keberadaan zona fluida. Hasil analisa sumur mengidentifikasi adanya reservoar batupasir terisi gas di formasi Ngrayong pada twt sekitar 717-721 ms untuk R-1, 270 ms - 275 ms pada sumur C-1 dan 968.2 ms - 970 ms pada K-1. Sebaran lateral reservoar berdasarkan hasil analisa integrasi AVO,dapat diamati melalui sebaran geometri reservoar pada lintasan 09TJP-07 yang membentang dari CDP 2507-2486 dan pada 09TJP-17 dari CDP 3606 - 3574. Hasil inversi P-impedance yang rendah pada twt yang sesuai degan hasil analisa sumur. Hasil Analisa dan Inversi AVO reservoar pada 09TJP-17 dan 09TJP-07 dapat terdeliniasi dengan nilai positif pada bagian atas dan bawah reservoar dan nilai LMR yang kontras pada reservoar terisi gas. Hasil AVO menyimpulkan gas yang mengisi reservoar adalah kelas II dan III yakni memiliki kontras impedansi yang kecil dengan sekitanya dan impedansi bernilai rendah.

---

This study area located in North Earth Java Basin and it is still explorated. In this study, both seismic data post stack and prestack was provided. There was Direct Hidrocarbon Indicator (DHI) on seismic post stack. This DHI represent there are laterally strong energy or strong amplitude on that spot .DHI anomalies that arise post-stack data showed energy or amplitude value of the enlarged compared to the surrounding amplitude. This anomaly which identifies the anomaly amplitude against an offset known as AVO anomaly. Focus study on Ngrayong formation whereas base on geological regional whereas this formation have good porosity and permeability on outcrop.

AVO analysis used to know the causes of the anomaly amplitude is due to differences in lithological or fluid that fills the pore of rocks. Reconstruction of wave propagation is observed every CDP from different angle and offsets. AVO inversion involving S wave parameters that are sensitive to the presence of fluid. With AVO inversion, rock physical parameters such as Poisson ratio, Mu-rho (μρ), lambda-rho (λρ) can be calculated as the approach of fluidzone.

Results of well analysis identified the presence of reservoir filled with gas in Ngrayong Formations at around 717-721 ms for R-1, 270 ms - 275 ms in the well C-1 and 968.2 ms - 970 ms in K-1. Lateral reservoir distribution is based on the results of the integration analysis of AVO and Inversion methods, the distribution of reservoir geometry inline 09TJP-07 find at CDP 2507 to 2486 and in 09TJP-17 from CDP 3606 - 3574.

The results of inversion P-impedance, low impedance values in accordance with the results of the analysis wells. From AVO methods reservoir on 09TJP-17 and 09TJP-07 can deliniated with positive values at the top and base of the reservoir and contrast LMR on the reservoir gas. Gradient of this target concluded that reservoar fills by gas class II and III which has a low contrast impedance with the surrounding area and have low impedance value."

"Melalui metode inversi seismik yang digabungkan dengan simulasi geostatistik diperoleh suatu gambaran yang lebih rinci mengenai karakter reservoar pada lapangan "X", Cekungan Kutai dibandingkan dengan metode inversi seismik secara deterministik baik secara lataeral maupun vertikal. Proses inversi terlebih dahulu dilakukan kemudian dilanjutkan proses simulasi geostatistik untuk menghasilkan kemungkinan-kemungkinan terbaik model sebaran properti lapisan zona target disesuaikan dengan kondisi geologi lapangan dan mendekati batasanbatasan data yang dimiliki. Analisa variogram terhadap sebaran data lateral maupun horizontal memerlukan pengerjaan khusus terkait isotropik dan anisotropik. Untuk pendekatan geostatistik inversi pada lapangan "X" Cekungan Kutai diperoleh sebaran data impedansi akustik dengan resolusi vertikal yang lebih baik dibandingkan hasil dari inversi biasa, walaupun secara statistik tidak nampak perbedaan. Simulasi probabilitas sebaran batu pasir terhadap hasil geostatistik inversi diperoleh sebagai hasil terbaik dari beberapa kemungkinankemungkinan yang ada.

---

Seismic inversion methods was combined with geostatistical simulation to obtain a more detailed picture of the characteristic of the reservoir on the field "X", Kutai Basin compared with the seismic inversion methods deterministically both lateral and vertically. Inversion process first made and then continued with geostatistical simulation process to produce the best possibilities layer property distribution models tailored to the target zone of the geological conditions of the field and approached the limits of data held.

Variogram analysis of the lateral and horizontal distribution of the data requires special processing adjustment associated to isotropic and anisotropic. For geostatistical inversion approach on the field "X" Kutai Basin acoustic impedance data obtained distribution with better vertical resolution than the result of the usual inversion, although the difference was not statistically visible. Simulating the probability distribution of sandstone on the results of geostatistical inversion was obtained as the best result of several possibilities exist."

"[ABSTRAKFormasi Baong bagian bawah bertanggung jawab sebagai batuan indukyang mengisi reservoar batupasir pada lapangan minyak dan gas di bagiantenggara Cekungan Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan data dan faktadari laboratorium, pengeboran, wireline well log dan seismik melalui studi analisapetrofisika, geokimia, geomekanika dan geofisika Formasi Baong bagian bawah.Pemahaman tentang geokimia, mineralogi dan geomekanika serpih sangat pentinguntuk memahami bagaimana reservoir serpih memiliki potensi untuk cadangandan produksi ketika dilakukan stimulasi. Analisis laboratorium geokimiadigunakan untuk menentukan kekayaan, kematangan dan kerogen tipe. Penelitianini mengklasifikasikan serpih berdasarkan kekayaan organik, kematangan, jenis,kekuatan serpih, kerapuhan serpih dan kandungan clay. Formasi Baong bagianbawah yang menjadi target pada studi ini terletak pada kedalaman 1778-2428 m(TVD), memiliki material organik yang kaya dengan TOC berkisar antara 1,88-3,85% wt, tingkat kematangan 12% sudah matang dan 88% belum matang, sertamenghasilkan 20% kerogen tipe III dan 80% kerogen tipe II/III sehingga dapatdijadikan sebagai batuan induk yang berpotensi menghasilkan gas dangas/minyak. Rigiditas Formasi Baong bagian bawah sangat sangat brittle denganmemiliki rata ? rata kandungan mineral kuarsa 33,7% dan mineral brittle sepertikalsit 8,8%, dolomit 1,8% dan siderit 0,9%, serta brittle 80% dan less brittle 20%,sehingga dapat dilakukan hyhraulic fracturing dengan baik. Nilai impedansiserpih Formasi Baong bagian bawah berkisar antara 20203 ? 24615 ((ft/s)*(g/cc)).

---

ABSTRACTThe Lower Baong Formation is responsible for source rock filled upsandstones reservoir in the oil and gas field in the southeastern part of NorthSumatra Basin. This study reveals the data and facts from the laboratory, drilling,wireline well logs and seismic through the analysis study of petrophysics,geochemistry, geomechanics and geophysics of Lower Baong Formation. Anunderstanding of shale geochemistry, mineralogy and geomechanics is veryimportant to understand how the shale reservoir has the potential to reserve andproduce when carried out stimulation. Geochemical laboratory analysis is used todetermine the richness, maturity and kerogen type. This study classify shale basedon organic richness, maturity, type, shale strengthness, shale brittleness and claycontent. The Lower Baong Formation being targeted in this study lies at a depthof 1778-2428 m (TVD), has a rich organic material with TOC ranging from 1.88to 3.85 wt%, the maturity level of 12% is mature and immature 88%, and generate20% kerogen type III and 80% kerogen type II / III so it can be used as a sourcerock potential to produce gas and gas / oil. Lower Baong Formation rigidity arevery brittle by having the averages 33.7% quartz mineral content and brittleminerals such as 8.8% calcite, 1.8% dolomite and siderite 0.9%, and brittle 80%and less brittle 20%, so it can be done hyhraulic fracturing very well. Sahle valuesof Lower Baong Formation bottom ranges from 20203-24615 ((ft/s)*(g / cc))., The Lower Baong Formation is responsible for source rock filled upsandstones reservoir in the oil and gas field in the southeastern part of NorthSumatra Basin. This study reveals the data and facts from the laboratory, drilling,wireline well logs and seismic through the analysis study of petrophysics,geochemistry, geomechanics and geophysics of Lower Baong Formation. Anunderstanding of shale geochemistry, mineralogy and geomechanics is veryimportant to understand how the shale reservoir has the potential to reserve andproduce when carried out stimulation. Geochemical laboratory analysis is used todetermine the richness, maturity and kerogen type. This study classify shale basedon organic richness, maturity, type, shale strengthness, shale brittleness and claycontent. The Lower Baong Formation being targeted in this study lies at a depthof 1778-2428 m (TVD), has a rich organic material with TOC ranging from 1.88to 3.85 wt%, the maturity level of 12% is mature and immature 88%, and generate20% kerogen type III and 80% kerogen type II / III so it can be used as a sourcerock potential to produce gas and gas / oil. Lower Baong Formation rigidity arevery brittle by having the averages 33.7% quartz mineral content and brittleminerals such as 8.8% calcite, 1.8% dolomite and siderite 0.9%, and brittle 80%and less brittle 20%, so it can be done hyhraulic fracturing very well. Sahle valuesof Lower Baong Formation bottom ranges from 20203-24615 ((ft/s)*(g / cc)).]"

"Peramalan produksi di masa mendatang sangat penting di dalam proses evaluasi pada industri minyak dan gas bumi. ARPS Decline Curve adalah metode ini mudah untuk digunakan tetapi ketidak pastian parameternya sulit untuk diprediksi..."

"Pengembangan lapangan stranded menjadi perhatian utama saat ini, bagaimana menjadikannya sebagai asset yang berharga. Operator blok offshore Natuna berupaya keras dalam melakukan evaluasi terhadap dua lapangan temuan minyak dan gas bumi yang belum dikembangkan, yang teridentifikasi sebagai lapangan marjinal yang memiliki cadangan kecil, jauh dari infrastrutur, biaya pengembangan tinggi dan sisa durasi umur PSC yang pendek. Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah memonetisasi asset yang belum dikembangkan agar dapat memberikan nilai tambah yang maksimal baik bagi Pemerintah maupun Kontraktor KKS dengan menentukan desain fasilitas produksi, nilai keekonomian dan akhirnya memilih skenario pengembangan terbaik. Melalui analisa tekno-ekonomi melalui implementasi teknologi tepat guna, menilai skenario pengembangan dan mengubah cara pandang dalam perspektif keekonomian sebagai metode riset. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa skenario pengembangan secara terintegrasi memberikan nilai ekonomi terbaik pada IRR 18,5% dan NPV Kontraktor sebesar US$44,5 Juta dengan estimasi Pendapatan Pemerintah hingga 39,7%, dengan demikian melalui kajian ini berhasil mengubah paradigma lapangan stranded yang marjinal menjadi asset produktif yang berharga.

---

Nowadays, the development of the stranded oil and gas field has become the main concern, how to make it a valuable asset. The Natuna offshore block operator is doing a deep evaluation of two undeveloped oil and gas discovery fields that are identified as marginal fields, which have a small reserve, a remote area, high development costs, and a short remaining PSC expiry duration. The purpose of this study is to monetize undeveloped assets in order to provide maximum added value for the government and PSC contractors by determining facility design and economic values and finally selecting the best development scenario. Through the techno-economic analysis using the implementation of fit-for-purpose technology, assessing development scenarios, and changing economic perspectives as a research methodology, the results of this study show that an integrated development scenario provides best economic value at IRR 18,5% and NPV Kontraktor US$44,5 Juta with Government Take up to 39,7%; therefore, the study has successfully changed the paradigm of stranded fields, which are marginal, into valuable productive assets."

"Lapangan BOS, berlokasi di daerah onshore blok Malacca Strait, cekungan Sumatera Tengah, telah dilakukan pengeboran 3 sumur di tahun 2006 - 2007, yaitu sumur BOS-01, BOS-02, dan BOS-03. Pada lapangan ini memiliki kasus yang unik karena pada dua sumur, BOS-01 (yang berada di crestal structure) dan BOS-03 (berada di flange structure, sebelah selatan dari BOS-01), mendapatkan hidrokarbon berupa gas pada formasi Lower Pematang yang menampakkan feature brighspot. Sedangkan sumur BOS-02 (berada di flange structure, sebelah utara sumur BOS-01), yang juga memiliki target pada feature brighspot pada formasi Lower Pematang, ternyata mendapatkan litologi shale. Untuk menganalisis lebih lanjut, dilakukan analisis dan interpretasi Geofisika, yaitu karakterisasi reservoir dengan menggunakan Impedansi Akustik untuk membedakan zona reservoar dan non-reservoar, dan analisis AVO untuk memprediksi kandungan fluida pada Formasi Lower Pematang tersebut. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa litologi shale yang berada di sumur BOS-02, kemungkinan terbentuk/tersedimentasi karena secara posisi struktur sumur BOS- 02 lebih rendah daripada sumur BOS-01, dimana suplai sedimentasi berasal dari arah North-East ke South-West.

---

BOS field, located in the onshore of block Malacca Strait, Central Sumatra basin, have 3 wells, were drilled in 2006-2007, there are BOS-01, BOS-02, and BOS-03. This field has unique case, because in two wells, BOS-01 (located at crestal structure) and BOS-03 (located at the flange, south of BOS-01), got hydrocarbon gas at Lower Pematang formation with brighspot feature. But at BOS-02 well (located at the flange, north of BOS-01), with same target at brighspot feature, got shale and categorized as wet.

For further analysis, this study use analysis and geophysical interpretation, used to characterize reservoir at Lower Pematang Formation, there are Acoustic Impedance to differentiate reservoir zone and non-reservoir, and the AVO Analysis to predict fluid content on the Lower Pematang Formation. Result of this study shown that lithology shale on BOS-02 well, sedimented because BOS-02 well located on the lower position (flange) than BOS-01, while sedimentation supply have direction North-East to South-West."

"[ABSTRAKReservoar gas pada lapisan tipis merupakan sesuatu yang menarik untukdianalisis karena reflektor yang mengalami destruktif apabila berada dibawah tuningthickness atau 1/4λ. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian dengan mencoba preconditioningkembali data PSTM gather yang nantinya akan menjadi input analisis AVO.Peningkatan resolusi dan nilai signal to noise ratio menjadi tujuan dari penelitian ini.Usaha prosesing yang dilakukan adalah proses F-K Filter, Trimming Statics danSuper Gather. Setelah melalui ketiga proses diatas, analisis AVO pun dilakukandengan metode cross plotting. Hasil preconditioning pada penelitian ini menunjukkanbahwa ada anomali AVO yang merupakan jenis AVO klas IV. Hasil ini diperkuatdengan metode analisis Cross Plotting pada setiap atribut dari AVO itu sendiri.

---

ABSTRACTGas reservoir on thin layer is something interested to analyze due todestructive reflector which is below 1/4λ or tuning thickness condition. This researchis trying to do re-preconditioning on PSTM gather which will be input of AVOanalysis. Increased in resolution and signal to noise ratio become goal of thisresearch. Processing efforts had been done, such as: F-K Filter, Trimming Statics andSuper Gather. After all process above, AVO analysis was conducted by using CrossPlotting method. Result of re-preconditioning in this research tells class IV of AVOanomaly. The result is strengthen by analysis method of Cross Plotting which arecame from AVO attributes of Cross Plot.;Gas reservoir on thin layer is something interested to analyze due todestructive reflector which is below 1/4λ or tuning thickness condition. This researchis trying to do re-preconditioning on PSTM gather which will be input of AVOanalysis. Increased in resolution and signal to noise ratio become goal of thisresearch. Processing efforts had been done, such as: F-K Filter, Trimming Statics andSuper Gather. After all process above, AVO analysis was conducted by using CrossPlotting method. Result of re-preconditioning in this research tells class IV of AVOanomaly. The result is strengthen by analysis method of Cross Plotting which arecame from AVO attributes of Cross Plot., Gas reservoir on thin layer is something interested to analyze due todestructive reflector which is below 1/4λ or tuning thickness condition. This researchis trying to do re-preconditioning on PSTM gather which will be input of AVOanalysis. Increased in resolution and signal to noise ratio become goal of thisresearch. Processing efforts had been done, such as: F-K Filter, Trimming Statics andSuper Gather. After all process above, AVO analysis was conducted by using CrossPlotting method. Result of re-preconditioning in this research tells class IV of AVOanomaly. The result is strengthen by analysis method of Cross Plotting which arecame from AVO attributes of Cross Plot.]"

"Perancangan LPG Plant bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan pembangunan LPG Plant di daerah Sumatera Selatan ditinjau dari segi teknis maupun ekonomi sehingga dapat menjadi rekomendasi dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan LPG domestik terutama untuk daerah Sumatera Selatan. Proses dasar LPG dari gas bumi adalah menggunakan pemisahan pada temperatur rendah. Produk yang dihasilkan memenuhi syarat LPG yang digunakan secara komersial yaitu jumlah komponen propana dan butana lebih dari 97,5 %. Dari hasil simulasi diperoleh produk LPG sebesar 62,28 ton per hari, kondensat 139,01 barrel per hari dan lean gas ke jalur pipa sebesar 16,71 MMSCFD. Biaya investasi LPG Plant dengan kapasitas 20 MMSCFD adalah $23.072.644 dan biaya operasional per tahunnya sebesar $1.064.262. Dengan tingkat nilai pengembalian yang disyaratkan 10%/tahun diperoleh nilai NPV sebesar $ 65.279.475, IRR 43 % dan Payback Period kurang dari 2 tahun.

---

The objection of this design is to study whether Gas Field of South Sumatera feasible or not to be developed technically and economically. Beside that, this study could be recommended as an alternative to fulfill the LPG demand especially in South Sumatera. Selected process for LPG recovery is Low Temperatur and Separation system. The product has to fulfill the LPG specification which contains more than 97.5 % of propane and butane.

From the simulation, the result product of LPG Plant is 62,28 tonne/day of LPG, 139,01 barrel/day of condensates and 16,71 MMSCFD of lean gas to pipeline. Economic analysis shows that the total capital investment of this plant with 20 MMSCFD capacity is US $ 23.072.644 and operational cost is US $ 1.064.262 per year. In case of 10 % MARR, NPV results are $ 65.279.475, IRR 42 % and payback period is less than 2 years. "