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"ECC terjadi akibat pembentukan biofilm Mutans streptococci dan Candida albicans yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh kualitas saliva. Objektif: Menganalisis pengaruh saliva autolog stimulated yang diisolasi dari ECC terhadap pembentukan biofilm Mutans streptococci dan Candida albicans secara in vitro. Metode: Uji biofilm Mutans streptococci dan Candida albicans ATCC 10231 dengan atau tanpa saliva autolog stimulated dilakukan dengan crystal violet binding assay. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan antara pembentukan biofilm Mutans streptococci, Candida albicans dan multi-species dengan atau tanpa saliva, namun dengan uji t-test tidak berbeda bermakna (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: Saliva autolog stimulated mempengaruhi pembentukan biofilm Mutans streptococci dan Candida albicans serta ada kecendrungan pembentukan biofilm lebih tinggi pada multi-species.

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ECC occurs as a result of Mutans streptococci and Candida albicans which is influenced by the quality of saliva.

Objective: Analyze the effects of stimulated autolog saliva that isolated from ECC to the biofilm formation Mutans streptococci and Candida albicans in vitro.

Methods: Mutans streptococci and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 biofilm with the application of stimulated autolog saliva was tested using crystal violet binding assay.

Result: There were differences of Mutans streptococci, Candida albicans and multi-species biofilm mass formation with or without saliva, but with t-test not significantly different (p>0,05).

Conclusion: Autolog saliva influences Mutans streptococci and Candida albicans biofilm formation and there is a tendency of higher multi-species biofilm formation."

"Early Childhood Caries (ECC) disebabkan oleh bakteri kariogenik Mutans streptococci. Selain Mutans streptococci, Candida albicans banyak ditemukan pada anak ECC. Pembentukan biofilm Mutans streptococci dan Candida albicans dipengaruhi oleh saliva. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh saliva autolog unstimulated ECC terhadap pembentukan biofilm Mutans streptococci dan Candida albicans. Metode: Mutans streptococci diisolasi dari saliva, Candida albicans ATCC 10231 dari Laboratorium Biologi Oral FKG UI. Nilai OD biofilm Mutans streptococci, Candida albicans dengan atau tanpa saliva dibandingkan secara single dan multi-species. Hasil: Perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok Candida albicans dengan atau tanpa saliva (p>0.05). Kesimpulan: Saliva autolog menurunkan pembentukan biofilm Candida albicans.

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Early Childhood Caries (ECC) caused by cariogenic bacteria Mutans streptococci. Other than Mutans streptococci, Candida albicans is also commonly found in ECC children. Biofilm formation of Mutans streptococci and Candida albicans is affected by saliva.

Objective: To analyze the effect of autolog unstimulated saliva ECC against Mutans streptococci and Candida albicans biofilm.

Methods:Mutans streptococci isolated from saliva, Candida albicans ATCC 10231 from Oral Biology Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia. Mutans streptococci, Candida albicans with or without saliva biofilm mass compared to single and multi species.

Result: Significant difference between groups of Candida albicans with or without saliva (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Saliva autolog reduces Candida albicans biofilm formation."

"Latar belakang: ECC menjadi masalah serius di Indonesia dan Dunia. Terdapat 3komponen ECC, yaitu gigi, mikroba, serta lingkungan rongga mulut yang dalam hal iniyaitu protein saliva. Penyebab dari ECC sendiri yaitu bakteri Streptococcus mutans.Tidak hanya itu, Candida albicans sering dihubungkan dengan Streptococcus mutanspada plak ECC. Namun, adanya riset di mana Candida albicans cenderung mengurangisifat kariogenik Streptococcus mutans menarik untuk diteliti. Tujuan: menganalisisperan protein saliva ECC terhadap pertumbuhan biofilm Streptococcus mutans danStreptococcus mutans dan Candida albicans (atau dual-spesies) di rongga mulut.Metode: Setiap sampel dilakukan uji SDS-Page untuk melihat apakah terdapatperbedaan profil protein antar setiap sampel. Lalu, sampel dilakukan pengenceranmenjadi 3 konsentrasi, kemudian diinkubasi bersama dengan Streptococcus mutansserta dual-spesies di dalam 96-well plate selama 24 jam dan 48 jam secara anaerob.Lalu, masing-masing biofilm dilakukan uji Crystal Violet Staining (untuk mendapatkannilai Optical density) serta Total Plate Count. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan profilprotein antara saliva ECC dengan laju alir saliva <30 detik, 30-60 detik, 30-60 detikbebas ECC. Pada variabel konsentrasi protein, terdapat perbedaan dan kenaikan nilairerata pada nilai Optical density biofilm pada Streptococcus mutans dan dual-spesies.Tidak terdapat perbedaan secara statistik antara konsentrasi protein saliva denganviabilitas mikroba pada biofilm Streptococcus mutans dan dual-spesies meski nilairerata menunjukkan penurunan viabilitas mikroba. Pada biofilm Streptococcus mutansdan dual-spesies, tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada hasil uji Optical density danviabilitas mikroba berdasarkan variabel waktu inkubasi biofilm. Meski nilai reratamenunjukkan adanya penurunan pada Optical density Streptococcus mutans, kenaikanpada viabilitas mikroba Streptococcus mutans, dan kenaikan pada Optical densitysekaligus viabilitas mikroba dual-spesies, namun tidak memengaruhi nilaikomparasinya. Kesimpulan: Protein saliva dapat memengaruhi pembentukan biofilmbaik Streptococcus mutans maupun kombinasi dual-spesies Streptococcus mutansdengan Candida albicans. Waktu inkubasi biofilm tidak dapat memengaruhipembentukan biofilm Streptococcus mutans maupun kombinasi dual-spesiesStreptococcus mutans dengan Candida albicans

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Background: ECC is a serious problem in Indonesia and the world. There are 3components of ECC, namely teeth, microbes, and the oral environment, in this casesalivary protein. The cause of ECC itself is Streptococcus mutans. Not only that,Candida albicans is often associated with Streptococcus mutans in ECC plaques.However, the research in which Candida albicans tends to reduce the cariogenicproperties of Streptococcus mutans is interesting. Purpose: to analyze the role of theECC salivary protein on the growth of Streptococcus mutans and combination ofStreptococcus mutans and Candida albicans (or dual-species) biofilms in the oral cavity.Methods: Each sample was subjected to an SDS-Page test to see if there weredifferences in protein profiles between each sample. Then, the sample was diluted into 3concentrations, then incubated together with Streptococcus mutans and dual-species in96-well plates for 24 hours and 48 hours anaerobically. Then, each biofilm wassubjected to a Crystal Violet Staining test (to obtain Optical density value) and TotalPlate Count. Results: There was no difference in protein profile between salivary ECCwith salivary flow rates <30 seconds, 30-60 seconds, ECC-free 30-60 seconds. In theprotein concentration variable, there were differences and an increase in trend lines inthe Optical density value of biofilms in Streptococcus mutans and dual-species. Therewas no statistical difference between salivary protein concentrations and microbialviability in Streptococcus mutans and dual-species biofilms, although the trend lineshowed a decrease in microbial viability. In Streptococcus mutans and dual-speciesbiofilms, there were no significant differences in the Optical density test results andmicrobial viability based on the biofilm incubation time variables. Although the trendline showed a decrease in Optical density Streptococcus mutans, an increase inmicrobial viability of Streptococcus mutans, and an increase in Optical density as wellas dual-species microbial viability, it did not affect the comparative value. Conclusion:Salivary protein can influence biofilm formation for both Streptococcus mutans and thedual-species combination of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Biofilmincubation time could not affect the biofilm formation of both Streptococcus mutansand the dual-species combination of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans"

"Latar Belakang: Early Childhood Caries merupakan penyakit rampan gigi yang paling umum terjadi pada anak-anak dan merupakan penyakit multifaktoral, yang terdiri dari inang, agen, dan lingkungan. Mikroorganisme kariogenik yang paling utama dan berhubungan dengan ECC adalah Streptococci, khususnya S. mutans dan S. sobrinus. Selain itu terdapat C. albicans yang juga berperan aktif dalam patogenesis dari karies gigi. Komposisi protein saliva bisa menjadi indikator yang cukup sensitif bagi kesehatan gigi dan mulut, salah satunya adalah protein saliva. Tujuan: Mengetahui peran protein saliva ECC terhadap pertumbuhan biofilm S. sobrinus dan kombinasi S. sobrinus dan C. albicans di rongga mulut. Metode: Menggunakan uji Bradford untuk melihat total konsentrasi protein, uji SDS-PAGE untuk melihat profil protein yang terdapat dalam saliva, uji Crystal Violet untuk melihat pembentukan massa biofilm, dan uji Total Plate Count untuk melihat viabilitas biofilm. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan antara biofilm mono-spesies dan dual spesies dalam pembentukan massa biofilm maupun viabilitas biofilm berdasarkan konsentrasi protein. Tidak terdapat perbedaan pembentukan massa biofilm mono-spesies berdasarkan waktu inkubasi biofilm. Terdapat perbedaan pembentukan massa biofilm dual-spesies berdasarkan waktu inkubasi biofilm. Tidak terdapat perbedaan antara biofilm mono- spesies dan dual-spesies dalam viabilitas biofilm berdasarkan waktu inkubasi biofilm. Kesimpulan: Konsentrasi protein saliva dan waktu inkubasi biofilm tidak dapat menjadi indikator dalam pembentukan massa biofilm dan melihat viabilitas biofilm mono-spesies maupun dual-spesies.

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Background: Early Childhood Caries is the most common dental disease in children and a multifactoral disease, consisting of host, agent, environment, and diet. Microorganisms associated with ECC are Streptococci, especially S. mutans and S. sobrinus. Besides that, C. albicans also plays an active role in the pathogenesis of dental caries. The composition of salivary protein can be a sensitive indicator for oral health, one of them is salivary protein. Objective: To determine the role of the ECC salivary protein on the growth of S. sobrinus biofilms and the combination of Streptococcus sobrinus and C. albicans in the oral cavity. Methods: Bradford Assay was performed to determine the total protein, SDSPAGE test to determine the profile protein in saliva, the Crystal Violet Assay to determine the mass of the biofilm formation, and the Total Plate Count test to see the viability of the biofilm. Results: There is no significant difference between the mono spesies biofilms and dual-species in the mass of the biofilm formation and biofilm viability based on protein concentration. There is no significant difference in the mass of the biofilm formation of mono-species biofilm based on the biofilm incubation time. There is a significant difference in the mass of biofilm formation of a dual-species biofilms based on the biofilm incubation time. There is no significant difference between mono-spesies biofilms and the dual-species in biofilm viability based on biofilm incubation time. Conclusion: Salivary protein concentration and biofilm incubation time can’t be an indicator of biofilm mass formation and to see the viability of biofilm mono-species and dual-species."

"Saliva and Streptococcus mutans play role in biofilm formation. Saliva and S.mutans virulence are different between subjects with and without caries. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of autolog saliva on biofilm formation of S. mutans isolated from caries and caries-free subjects. Materials and Methods: Saliva and plaque samples are obtained from caries and caries-free subjects. Plaque samples were cultured on TYS20B for 3 days. Selected colonies were picked and cultured on TSB for 3 days. After colony counting, biofilm assay was conducted and inoculated for one day. The biofilm was tested using crystal violet binding assay and quantified by measuring the optical density at 655 nm wavelength. Result: The optical density of S. muttans biofilm isolated from subjects with caries were different from taste with no caries. Biofilm formation of S. muttans isolated from caries and caries-free subjects with and without the presence of autolog saliva were different. Conclusion: Autolog saliva influences S. mutans biofilm formation and there is a tendency that is higher than those from subjects with no caries. "

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Latar belakang: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) atau karies anak usia dini masih merupakan masalah kesehatan yang serius terutama di kalangan anak-anak. Streptococcus mutans diketahui sebagai penyebab utama dari ECC. Sementara bakteri lain seperti jamur, yaitu, Candida albicans, dianggap terlibat dalam proses perkembangan ECC. Resistensi atau kerentanan terhadap karies juga dipercaya dapat berkorelasi secara signifikan dengan perubahan komponen protein saliva. Beberapa mikroorganisme oral dan protein saliva tersebut dapat berfungsi sebagai biomarker untuk memprediksi risiko dan prognosis karies. Tujuan: Mengetahui kuantitas dari antigen Streptococcus mutans serotype c dan Candida albicans pada saliva pasien ECC serta menganalisis hubungan keduanya yang dikaitkan dengan OHI-S dan skor dmf-t. Metode: S. mutans serotype c dan Candida albicans yang diisolasi dari sampel saliva pasien ECC dan caries free diuji menggunakan Indirect ELISA untuk memperoleh kuantitas antigen S. mutans serotype c dan Candida albicans, yang selanjutnya dikorelasikan dengan OHI-S dan skor dmf-t pasien ECC dan caries free. Hasil: Kuantitas antigen S. mutans serotype c dan Candida albicans paling tinggi ditemukan pada pasien caries-free. Kuantitas antigen S. mutans serotype c paling tinggi ditemukan pada pasien dengan OHI-S sangat baik, sebaliknya pada Candida albicans kuantitas paling tinggi ditemukan pada pasien dengan OHI-S sedang. Secara statistik tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kuantitas antigen S. mutans serotype c dan Candida albicans pada pasien ECC dan caries-free. Secara statistik terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kuantitas antigen Candida albicans pada kelompok OHI-S baik dan sedang, namun tidak pada antigen S. mutans serotype c. Pada pasien ECC dan caries free, antigen S. mutans serotype c dan Candida albicans memiliki arah dan bentuk korelasi yang positif. Kesimpulan: Peningkatan kuantitas antigen Streptococcus mutans serotype c dan Candida albicans tidak mencerminkan kondisi mulut pasien ECC maupun caries free. Peningkatan kuantitas antigen Streptococcus mutans serotype c dan Candida albicans dapat mencerminkan kondisi OHI-S pasien. Streptococcus mutans serotype c dan Candida albicans pada pasien ECC berkorelasi sementara pada pasien caries-free tidak.

 

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Background: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) or early childhood caries is still considered as serious health problem, especially among children. Streptococcus mutans is known as a major cause of ECC. While other bacteria such as fungi, that is, Candida albicans, are considered to be involved in the ECC progression. Resistance or susceptibility to caries is also believed to be significantly correlated with changes in salivary protein components. Some of these oral microorganisms and salivary proteins can be functioned as biomarkers to predict caries risk and prognosis. Objective: To determine the quantity of Streptococcus mutans serotype c and Candida albicans antigens in the saliva of ECC patients and analyze the relationship between the two antigens and associated with OHI-S and dmf-t scores. Methods: S. mutans serotype c and Candida albicans were isolated from saliva samples of ECC and caries free patients were tested using Indirect ELISA to obtain the quantity of S. mutans serotype c and Candida albicans antigen, which were correlated further with OHI-S and dmf-t scores of ECC and caries free patients. Results: The highest quantity of S. mutans serotype c and Candida albicans antigens was found in caries-free patients. The highest quantity of S. mutans serotype c antigen was found in patients with very good OHI-S, whereas the highest quantity of Candida albicans was found in patients with moderate OHI-S. There was no statistically significant difference between the quantity of S. mutans serotype c antigens and Candida albicans in ECC and caries-free patients. There is a significant difference statistically between the quantity of Candida albicans antigen in the good and moderate OHI-S group, but not in the S. mutans serotype antigen c. In patients with ECC and caries free, S. mutans serotype c antigens and Candida albicans have a positive direction and form of correlation. Conclusion: Increasing the quantity of Streptococcus mutans serotype c and Candida albicans antigens did not reflect the oral condition of ECC or caries free patients. The increase in the quantity of Streptococcus mutans serotype c and Candida albicans can reflect the patient's OHI-S condition. Streptococcus mutans serotype c and Candida albicans in ECC patients correlated but in caries-free patients they did not correlate.

 

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"ABSTRAKPatogenesis ECC disebabkan sifat virulensi dari protein-protein yang menyusun sel Streptococcus mutans. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan profil protein S. mutans isolat saliva pasien ECC. Metode: Profil protein S. mutans berupa pita protein yang terlihat pada gel poliakrilamida diperoleh melalui metode SDS PAGE. Hasil: Profil protein S. mutans diperoleh secara kualitatif melalui interpretasi pita-pita protein yang merepresentasikan berat molekul 13 kDa, 29 kDa, 39 kDa, 41,3 kDa, 74 kDa, dan 94,5 kDa dengan perbedaan frekuensi ekspresi protein pada pasien ECC dan bebas karies. Kesimpulan: Pada pasien ECC dan bebas karies ditemukan adanya perbedaan profil protein dari S. mutans isolat saliva.

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ABSTRACTBackground The pathogenesis of ECC is caused by virulence properties from proteins which construct the cell of Streptococcus mutans. Objective To find out the difference of protein profiling from salivary S. mutans in ECC and free caries. Methods Protein profiling of salivary S. mutans appeared on polyacrilamid gel as protein bands obtained through SDS PAGE. Result The profile obtained through interpretation of protein bands represent molecular mass 13 kDa, 29 kDa, 39 kDa, 41,3 kDa, 74 kDa, and 94,5 kDa which had different frequencies in protein expression from ECC and free caries subjects. Conclusion There is difference in protein profiling of salivary S. mutans both in ECC and free caries subjects. "

"IgY Anti ComD S.mutans dan kitosan dapat menghambat pembentukan biofilm.Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh gel IgY Anti ComD S.mutans dan gel kombinasi IgY Anti ComD S.mutans dan kitosan terhadap kemampuan S.mutans dalam membentuk biofilm.Metode: Sampel plak 40 orang dalam 4 kelompok diambil sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Aplikasi gel dilakukan 7 hari, dilanjutkan prosedur uji biofilm crystal violet.Hasil: Perbandingan nilai OD biofilm (pre -post) kelompok IgY Bebas Karies (0,030-0,038), IgY Karies (0,027-0,027), IgY+K Bebas Karies (0,033-0,032), IgY+K Karies (0,033-0,069).Kesimpulan: Gel IgY anti ComD S.mutans maupun gel kombinasi IgY anti ComD S.mutans dan kitosan meningkatkan kemampuan S.mutans dalam membentuk biofilm.

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IgY Anti ComD S.mutans and chitosan can inhibit biofilm formation.Objective: To analyze the effect of IgY Anti ComD S.mutans gel and IgY Anti ComD S.mutans+chitosan gel towards the ability of S.mutans to form biofilm.Methods: Plaque samples from 40 people in 4 groups were taken before and after gel treatment for 7 days. Then crystal violet biofilm test procedure was performed.Results: Biofilm OD values (pre ? post), IgY free caries (0,030-0,038), IgY caries (0,027-0,027), IgY+K free caries (0,033-0,032), IgY+K caries (0,033-0,069).Conclusion: IgY anti ComD S. mutans gel and IgY anti ComD S.mutans+chitosan gel increase the ability of S. mutans to form biofilm."

"Latar belakang: Karies pada gigi sulung antara usia 0-72 bulan dikenal sebagai Early Childhood Caries (ECC) dan merupakan salah satu penyakit dengan prevalensi tinggi yang disebabkan oleh biofilm. Pada dekade terakhir, jamur Candida albicans banyak ditemukan bersama-sama dengan Streptococcus mutans dalam biofilm yang diambil dari plak gigi anak dengan ECC. Jamur C. albicans dapat meningkatkan derajat keparahan ECC. Pemahaman mengenai hubungan C. albicans dan S. mutans, memberikan perspektif baru untuk terapi yang efektif dalam mengkontrol ECC. Salah satu usaha untuk mencegah dan mengurangi tingkat ECC pada anak adalah dengan menggunakan bahan antimikroba. Bawang putih (Allium sativum) merupakan bahan herbal yang memiliki kemampuan antibakteri dan antijamur. Tujuan: Menganalisis efektivitas ekstrak bawang putih terhadap viabilitas biofilm Candida albicans anak ECC. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian dilakukan secara in vitro dengan isolat klinis dari plak gigi anak ECC. Ekstrak bawang putih dalam konsentrasi 10%, 25%, 50%, dan 100% dengan kontrol positif berupa CHX 0,2%. Uji viabilitas biofilm dilakukan dengan MTT assay. Hasil: Data statistik dianalisis dengan uji One Way ANOVA. Terdapat  perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistik dari viabilitas biofilm ekstrak bawang putih dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif. Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak bawang putih efektif terhadap viabilitas biofilm Candida albicans.

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Background: Dental caries on primary teeth in a child 72 of months age or younger is defined as Early Childhood Caries (ECC). ECC has a high prevalences and caused by biofilms. In the past decade, Candida albicans has been frequently detected together with S. mutans in oral biofilms collected from children with ECC. Candida albicans might enhance degree of ECC. Understanding of C. albicans and S. mutans relationship give a new perspective for effective therapy to control ECC. Antimicrobial agent can be used to prevent or as a therapy for ECC. Garlic (Allium sativum) is one of the traditional medicine that has antibacterial and antifungal effect. Purpose: To analyzed the effectivity of garlic extract against the viability of C.albicans biofilms in children with ECC. Method: Laboratorium research (in vitro), with plaque sample from children with ECC. Garlic extract in 10%, 25%, 50%, 100%, and CHX 0,2% as positive control. MTT assay were used to assess biofilms viability. Statistical data were analyzed with the One Way ANOVA test. Result: There was a statistically significant difference in the viability of C.albicans biofilms after garlic extract application. Conclusion: This study showed that garlic extract has a positive effect on the viability of C.albicans."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans) merupakan bakteri utama penyebab karies. Propolis memiliki sifat antibakteri terhadap bakteri Gram positif.Tujuan: Mempelajari efek permen propolis madu terhadap pembentukan biofilm S mutans yang diisolasi dari saliva. Metode: Sampel saliva diambil sebelum dan sesudah pemberian permen propolis madu, permen X dan permen madu, lalu saliva dari subjek dibiakkan pada medium agar TYS20B dan medium cair TYS Broth. Untuk menganalisis pembentukan biofilm dilakukan uji dengan crystalviolet. Hasil: Terdapat peningkatan pembentukan biofilm S. mutans setelahkonsumsi permen propolis madu dan permen madu dibandingkan dengan sebelum konsumsi. Terdapat penurunan pembentukan biofilm S. mutans setelah konsumsi permen X dibandingkan dengan sebelum konsumsi. Kesimpulan: Setelah konsumsi permen propolis madu ditemukan peningkatan pembentukan biofilm S. mutansyangsecara stastitik tidak berbeda bermakna. Setelah konsumsi permen X ditemukan penurunan pembentukan biofilm S. mutans yang secara statistik tidak berbeda bermakna. Setelah konsumsi permen madu ditemukan peningkatanpembentukan biofilm S. mutans yang secara statistik berbeda bermakna.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans) is the main bacteria that caused caries. Propolis had antibacterial properties. Objectives: To Analyzed the effect of propolis honey candy to the biofilm formation of S.mutans that isolated from saliva. Methods: Saliva samples were taken before and after treatment withpropolis honey candy, X candy dan honey candy, and then saliva from subject was cultured on agar TYS20B and liquid medium TYS broth. Biofilm formation ability was determined as the absorbance value of crystal violet. Result: Propolis honey candy and honey candy increased the biofilm formation of S. mutanscompared with before consumption. X candy decreased the biofilm formation of S. mutans compared with before consumption. Conclusion: Consumption of Propolis honey candy increase the biofilm formation of S. mutans, the increase was not significantly different. Consumption of X Candy decrease the biofilm formation of S. mutans, the increase was not significantly different. Consumption of Honey Candy increase the biofilm formation of S. mutans, the increase was significantly different."