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"[ABSTRAKSejak teknologi magnet permanen ini mulai banyak dikembangkan, motor BLDC telah digunakan untuk berbagai aplikasi . Motor BLDC dengan kapasitas daya yang besar banyak digunakan untuk penggerak utama mobil listrik, sepeda listrik, mesin penggerak pada industri-industri. Bentuk atau geometri serta dimensi dari bagian-bagian motor adalah salah satu topik yang umum dibahas dan diteliti dalam riset pengembangan perancangan motor BLDC. Motor BLDC menggunakan magnet permanen pada rotornya sebagai sumber medan magnet. Aliran fluks mempengaruhi torque ripple. Salah satu yang paling mempengaruhi aliran fluks magnet pada motor BLDC adalah bentuk dari stator. Stator sendiri dapat divariasikan bentuknya yang dapat mengatur aliran fluks dari magnet. Pada penelitian ini divariasikan perancangan bentuk stator untuk perancangan rotor yang sama. Variasi yang dilakukan adalah variasi ukuran lebar gigi dan yoke. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan bentuk ukuran yang optimal dari enam variasi yang digunakan adalah bentuk perancangan payung lengkungan stator yang memiliki lebar gigi 10 mm, ukuran lebar yoke 125 mm dan ukuran lebar alur bukaan sebesar 2.4 mm. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa dengan perancangan ukuran yang tepat dan dengan memberikan lengkungan pada bagian kaki stator dapat mengurangi daerah saturasi, sehingga pada daerah yang terdapat saturasi dapat diminimalisir panas pada bagian daerah stator motor tersebut dan dapat memperkecil nilai torsi ripple hingga persentase sebesar 2.31% dengan rata-rata torsi ripple sebesar 0.579770359 Nm.ABSTRACTSince the permanent magnet technology is starting much developed, BLDC motors have been used for various applications. BLDC motors with high power capacity widely used for main propulsion electric vehicles, electric bike, the engine of the industries. Shape or geometry and dimensions from parts of motors is one of the general topics discussed and studied in the research design development BLDC motor. BLDC motors use permanent magnets in the rotor as the source of the magnetic field. Flux flow affects the torque ripple. One of the most affecting the flow of magnetic flux in BLDC motors is the shape of the stator. Stator can be varied forms which can regulate the flow from magnetic flux. In this research designs varied forms of stator for the same rotor design. A variation performed are wide variations tooth thickness and yoke. This research found optimal size form of the six variations used is a forms of umbrella design opening stator which has a tooth width of 10 mm, 125 mm widths yoke and the size of the slot opening width of 2.4 mm. In this research it was found that the design of the right size and by providing fillet on the legs stator can reduce the saturation region, so that the area contained saturation can be minimized heat in the area of the motor stator and can reduce torque ripple to a percentage value of 2.31% with an average of 0.579770359 Nm of torque ripple., Since the permanent magnet technology is starting much developed, BLDC motors have been used for various applications. BLDC motors with high power capacity widely used for main propulsion electric vehicles, electric bike, the engine of the industries. Shape or geometry and dimensions from parts of motors is one of the general topics discussed and studied in the research design development BLDC motor. BLDC motors use permanent magnets in the rotor as the source of the magnetic field. Flux flow affects the torque ripple. One of the most affecting the flow of magnetic flux in BLDC motors is the shape of the stator. Stator can be varied forms which can regulate the flow from magnetic flux. In this research designs varied forms of stator for the same rotor design. A variation performed are wide variations tooth thickness and yoke. This research found optimal size form of the six variations used is a forms of umbrella design opening stator which has a tooth width of 10 mm, 125 mm widths yoke and the size of the slot opening width of 2.4 mm. In this research it was found that the design of the right size and by providing fillet on the legs stator can reduce the saturation region, so that the area contained saturation can be minimized heat in the area of the motor stator and can reduce torque ripple to a percentage value of 2.31% with an average of 0.579770359 Nm of torque ripple.]"

"[ABSTRAKMotor BLDC menjadi motor yang sangat banyak digunakan sekarang karena kelebihannya dibandingkan dengan motor lainnya dalam hal efisiensi, kecepatan dan torsi yang lebih baik, serta umur yang cenderung lebih panjang. Banyak dilakukan penelitian untuk meningkatkan kinerja dari motor BLDC. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari rancangan motor yang paling optimal, dengan membuat rancangan yang divariasikan pada bagian stator. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan simulasi motor tanpa beban dan dengan beban.Pada penelitian ini dibuat empat variasi bukaan alur yang dilakukan pada simulasi tanpa beban dan berbeban. Variasi yang dilakukan adalah membuat lengkungan pada alur dan memvariasikan ukuran bukaan alur pada stator. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan nilai-nilai flux linkage, Back EMF kemudian diolah untuk mendapat Ke pada keadaan tanpa beban dan torsi ripple pada keadaan berbeban untuk dibandingkan agar dapat mengetahui rancangan mana yang memiliki performa terbaik. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa dengan rancangan ukuran yang tepat pada bagian bukaan alur di stator dapat mengurangi daerah saturasi, sehingga pada daerah yang terdapat saturasi dapat diminimalisir panas pada bagian daerah stator motor tersebut dan dapat memperkecil nilai torsi ripple hingga persentase sebesar 6.78% dengan rata-rata torsi ripple sebesar 0.583596818 Nm.ABSTRACTBLDC motors which becoming very widely used now because of its advantages compared to other motor in terms of efficiency, speed and better torque and life tend to be longer. Many research to improve the performance of the BLDC motor. This study aims to find the most optimal motor design, to create designs that varied in the stator. This research was conducted by simulating the motor no load and load.In this study is made of four variations of slot opening performed on the no load and load simulation. Variations to do is make the fillets in the slot opening and varying the size of the slot opening in the stator. In this study obtained values of flux linkage, Back EMF and then processed to obtain Ke in the load simulationand torque ripple at the load simulation of each design are compared to determine which designs that have the best performance.This research found that the design of the right size in the slot opening in the stator can reduce the saturation region, so that in the area there is saturation can be minimized heat in the area of the motor stator and can minimize torque ripple value up to a percentage of 6.78% with an average of 0.583596818 Nm of torque ripple.;BLDC motors which becoming very widely used now because of its advantages compared to other motor in terms of efficiency, speed and better torque and life tend to be longer. Many research to improve the performance of the BLDC motor. This study aims to find the most optimal motor design, to create designs that varied in the stator. This research was conducted by simulating the motor no load and load.In this study is made of four variations of slot opening performed on the no load and load simulation. Variations to do is make the fillets in the slot opening and varying the size of the slot opening in the stator. In this study obtained values of flux linkage, Back EMF and then processed to obtain Ke in the load simulationand torque ripple at the load simulation of each design are compared to determine which designs that have the best performance.This research found that the design of the right size in the slot opening in the stator can reduce the saturation region, so that in the area there is saturation can be minimized heat in the area of the motor stator and can minimize torque ripple value up to a percentage of 6.78% with an average of 0.583596818 Nm of torque ripple.;BLDC motors which becoming very widely used now because of its advantages compared to other motor in terms of efficiency, speed and better torque and life tend to be longer. Many research to improve the performance of the BLDC motor. This study aims to find the most optimal motor design, to create designs that varied in the stator. This research was conducted by simulating the motor no load and load.In this study is made of four variations of slot opening performed on the no load and load simulation. Variations to do is make the fillets in the slot opening and varying the size of the slot opening in the stator. In this study obtained values of flux linkage, Back EMF and then processed to obtain Ke in the load simulationand torque ripple at the load simulation of each design are compared to determine which designs that have the best performance.This research found that the design of the right size in the slot opening in the stator can reduce the saturation region, so that in the area there is saturation can be minimized heat in the area of the motor stator and can minimize torque ripple value up to a percentage of 6.78% with an average of 0.583596818 Nm of torque ripple., BLDC motors which becoming very widely used now because of its advantages compared to other motor in terms of efficiency, speed and better torque and life tend to be longer. Many research to improve the performance of the BLDC motor. This study aims to find the most optimal motor design, to create designs that varied in the stator. This research was conducted by simulating the motor no load and load.In this study is made of four variations of slot opening performed on the no load and load simulation. Variations to do is make the fillets in the slot opening and varying the size of the slot opening in the stator. In this study obtained values of flux linkage, Back EMF and then processed to obtain Ke in the load simulationand torque ripple at the load simulation of each design are compared to determine which designs that have the best performance.This research found that the design of the right size in the slot opening in the stator can reduce the saturation region, so that in the area there is saturation can be minimized heat in the area of the motor stator and can minimize torque ripple value up to a percentage of 6.78% with an average of 0.583596818 Nm of torque ripple.]"

"Motor BLDC banyak digunakan untuk berbagai aplikasi karena memiliki kelebihan pada karakteristiknya. Namun, motor dengan permanen magnet jenis ini memiliki kekurangan, salah satunya torsi cogging. Oleh karena itu, dirancang atau dilakukan modifikasi pada motor BLDC agar diperoleh torsi cogging yang seminimal mungkin. Metode yang digunakan untuk mereduksi torsi cogging pada penelitian ini adalah dengan penambahan notch pada gigi stator dengan memvariasikan kedalaman, bentuk, dan lebar notch untuk mendapatkan desain yang terbaik. Pada penelitian ini digunakan perangkat lunak berbasis FEM Finite Element Method. Dari semua variasi modifikasi yang dilakukan, selanjutnya dianalisis pengaruh kedalaman, bentuk, dan lebar notch terhadap torsi cogging. Desain terbaik reduksi torsi cogging terjadi saat lebar notch sebesar 2,85 dan kedalaman notch sebesar 0,25mm dengan hasil reduksi sebesar 75,83, dan torsi riak yang berkurang menjadi 58,74 dari sebelumnya sebesar 65,4.

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Cogging Torque Reduction on BLDC Motors 12 Slot 8 pole with adding notch on stator teeth. Brushless DC Motor is widely used for various applications because it has advantages in its characteristics. However, motors with permanent magnets have some disadvantages, one of them is cogging torque. Therefore, it is designed or modified on a Brushless DC motor to obtain minimal cogging torque. The method used to reduce the cogging torque in this research is by adding notches to the stator teeth by varying the depth, shape, and width of the notch to obtain the best design. In this research used FEM based software Finite Element Method . Of all variations of modifications made, then analyzed the effect of depth, shape, and notch width to cogging torque. The best design of cogging torque reduction occurs when the notch width is 2.85 and the notch depth is 0.25mm with the reduction of 75.83 , and the reduction of ripple torque becomes 58.74 from the previous 65.4."

"Torsi cogging yang dihasilkan oleh motor arus searah tanpa sikat berinteraksi dengan torsi mekanis. Sehingga, diperlukan torsi cogging yang lebih kecil agar menghasilkan torsi mekanis yang lebih tinggi dengan riak yang lebih kecil. Reduksi torsi cogging dan riak torsi dapat dilakukan dengan mengubah ukuran celah udara dan bukaan alur pada motor yang dirancang. Pada penelitian ini, studi variasi desain dilakukan pada bagian celah udara dan bukaan alur. Berdasarkan simulasi perangkat lunak berbasis finite element analysis, desain optimum yang didapatkan adalah ukuran celah udara 2 mm dan ukuran bukaan alur 6 mm yang menghasilkan besar torsi induksi 6,683 Nm, riak torsi 8,32, dan torsi cogging 0,14 Nm.

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The cogging torque generated by Brushless Direct Current BLDC Motors interacts with mechanical torque. Therefore, required lower cogging torque to produce smaller ripples with higher values of mechanical torque. Reduction of cogging torque and torque ripple can be done by adjusting the size of air gap and slot opening. In this study, a variation design study was performed on the air gap and slot opening parts. Based on the finite element analysis software simulation, the optimum design obtained is at 2 mm on the size of air gap and 6 mm on the size of slot opening which produces a large mechanical torque of 6,683 Nm, torque ripple 8.32, and 0.14 Nm of cogging torque."

"Motor BLDC merupakan salah satu jenis motor listrik yang penggunaannya sudah luas di berbagai aplikasi karena keunggulannya. Namun, motor BLDC memiliki kekurangan yaitu adanya getaran dan noise pada motor akibat torsi cogging sehingga harus dihilangkan. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan reduksi torsi cogging pada motor BLDC 12 alur 8 kutub dengan menggunakan metode segmentasi kutub magnet permanen. Parameter dari metode yang diteliti ini adalah lebar magnet permanen dan jarak antar segmen magnet dari setiap kutubnya. Diperoleh hasil bahwa metode segmentasi kutub magnet permanen dapat mereduksi torsi cogging secara signifikan bila posisi segmen magnet terhadap stator tepat. Desain modifikasi dengan torsi cogging terkecil diperoleh dari kutub yang disegmentasi dengan lebar sudut magnet permanen 33,6o dan jarak antar segmen sebesar 5,25o, menghasilkan torsi cogging sebesar 0,023 Nm dengan besar reduksi sebesar 90,83 dari nilai torsi cogging awal motor yaitu sebesar 0,251 Nm.

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BLDC motor is one type of electric motor which becoming widely used in many applications because of its predominance characteristics. However, BLDC motors have drawbacks which is vibration issues and noise caused by the cogging torque, so it should be minimized. Therefore, cogging torque on motor BLDC 12 slot 8 pole had been reduced by using permanent magnet segmentation method. Parameters that had been studied are permanent magnet width and distance between magnet segment on each rotor pole.

The result is minimum cogging torque can be obtained when the position of magnet segment relative to stator is appropriate. Modified design with minimum cogging torque is achieved from pole that had been segmented with permanent magnet width 33,6o and distance between magnet segment is 5,25o, which produces cogging torque of 0,023 Nm with a reduction of 90,83 from its original design which produces cogging torque of 0,251 Nm."

"Motor DC tanpa sikat telah menjadi salah satu jenis motor listrik yang banyak digunakan dalam berbagai aplikasi, menggantikan motor DC dan motor AC asinkron. Penelitian banyak dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kinerja dari motor BLDC. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk perancangan desain variasi panjang dan tinggi magnet permanen pada motor arus searah tanpa sikat 12 alur 10 kutub. Penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan simulasi motor tanpa beban dan dengan beban terhadap variasi panjang dan tinggi magnet permanen. Dari penelitian ini, dapat dilihat bahwa variasi panjang magnet dan tinggi magnet mempengaruhi tegangan induksi yang dihasilkan, dimana semakin panjang dan tinggi magnet semakin besar tegangan induksi, torsi, dan efisiensi. Desain dengan panjang 12 mm dan tinggi 3 mm memiliki tegangan induksi terbesar yaitu 41.79 Volt dan efisiensi 96.324% serta memiliki rata-rata torsi sebesar 5,52 Nm.

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Brushless DC motor has become one kind of electric motor which are widely used in various applications, replacing DC motors and asynchronous AC motors. Research done much to improve the performance of the BLDC motor. This study aims at designing the variation in the length and height of the permanent magnet brushless direct current motor 12 slot 10 poles. Research carried out by simulating the motor no-load and load variation in the length and height of the permanent magnet. From this research, it can be seen that the variation in the length of magnets and magnet high influence induced voltage is generated, where the length and height of the larger magnet induced voltage, torque, and efficiency. Design with a length of 12 mm and a height of 3 mm has the largest induced voltage is 41.79 volts and efficiency of 96.31% and has an average highest torque amounting to 5.43 Nm."

"Seiring perkembangan waktu, dibutuhkan motor yang memiliki sifat yang diinginkan, seperti memiliki kecepatan yang tinggi, efisiensi yang tinggi, dan biaya perawatan motor yang rendah. Hal-hal tersebut dapat diwujudkan dengan cara merancang motor yang diinginkan. Dalam merancang motor, perbedaan bahan material dan bentuk dimensi motor sangat berpengaruh dalam keluaran yang dihasilkan oleh motor. Pada skripsi ini, dibandingkan hasil keluaran motor pada setiap variasi motor yang memiliki bahan magnet permanen dan panjang motor yang berbeda. Bahan permanen magnet yang digunakan adalah Ceramic 10, Samarium Cobalt: 18/30, dan Neodymium Iron Boron: 28/23. Sedangkan variasi panjang motor adalah 50 mm, 60 mm, 70mm, dan 80 mm. Untuk mencapai nilai torsi 5,5 Nm, motor dengan magnet permanen Neodymium Iron Boron: 28/23 adalah yang terbaik karena hanya memerlukan panjang sebesar 50 mm. Pada motor dengan panjang 80 mm, motor terbaik adalah motor dengan magnet permanen berbahan Neodymium Iron Boron: 28/23 karena memiliki nilai torsi maksimal terbesar, yakni 8,89 Nm.

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Over the years, it takes a motor that has the characteristic of being desired, such as high speed, high efficiency, and low maintenance cost. These things can be realized by designing motors. In motor design, the difference in materials and motor dimension is very influential in the output of motor.

This paper compared the output of motor at each variation of the motor which has different permanent magnet material and different stack length. Permanent magnet material that used are Ceramic 10, Samarium Cobalt: 18/30, and Neodymium Iron Boron: 28/23. While the variaton of the stack length are 50 mm, 60 mm, 70 mm, and 80 mm.

To achieve torque 5,5 Nm, motor with permanent magnet made of Neodymium Iron Boron: 28/23 is the best because just needed motor with stack length 50 mm. On motor with stack length 80 mm, motor with permanen magnet made of Neodymium Iron Boron: 28/23 also is the best because it has biggest torque, the value is 8,89 Nm."

"Penggunaan motor BLDC semakin marak digunakan karena memiliki efisiensi dan kecepatan yang tinggi serta volume yang kecil dan bobot yang ringan sehingga banyak digunakan di bidang industri, mobil listrik, dan peralatan elektronik. Penelitian ini dibuat untuk meneliti pengaruh ketebalan magnet dan jarak offset permanen magnet terhadap parameter motor seperti konstanta BEMF, torsi, dan riak torsi. Untuk melihat parameter tersebut digunakan software berbasis FEA (Finite Element Analysis). Hasil yang didapat adalah nilai torsi sebanding dengan ketebalan magnet dengan torsi terbesar diperoleh saat tebal magnet 3,50 mm pada penelitian ini yaitu sebesar 5,7275 Nm dan riak torsi mengurang seiring dengan bertambahnya jarak offset permanen magnet dengan riak torsi terkecil diperoleh saat jarak offset 20 mm dengan riak torsi sebesar 0,7845%.

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The use of BLDC motors increasingly widespread because it has a high efficiency and speed as well as a small volume and light weight so widely used in industry, electric cars, and electronic equipment. This study was made to examine the influence of the thickness of the permanent on and the offset distance of the permanent magnet on motor parameters such as BEMF constants , torque, and torque ripple. To view the parameters used software based on FEA (Finite Element Analysis). The results showed that the value of the torque is proportional to the thickness of the permanent magnet with the highest torque obtained when magnet thickness is 3,50 mm by 5,7275 Nm and torque ripple reduced in line with increasing the distance of offset permanent magnet with the lowest torque ripple obtained when the distance of offset permanent magnet is 20 mm by 0,7845%."

"Salah satu jenis motor yang sangat sering digunakan sebagai penggerak seperti mesin – mesin listrik adalah motor Brushless Direct Current. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan perancangan optimasi suatu design motor BLDC menggunakan metode simulasi dengan perangkat lunak berbasis finite element analysis (FEA). Untuk pembahasan disini, spesifikasi motor yang digunakan adalah motor BLDC dengan 24 slots dan 8 poles. Hasil optimasi yang ingin didapatkan adalah memiliki torsi dan kecepatan yang cukup untuk menjalankan sepeda motor serta memiliki putaran rotor yang mulus dengan mengurangi torsi cogging pada motor tersebut. Hasil tersebut ingin dicapai menggunakan input 72 Volt dan 80 Ampere. Optimasi itu didapatkan dengan memvariasikan ukuran – ukuran dimensi pada motor serta pemberian lubang pada gigi stator. Untuk merealisasikan perancangan tersebut pada sepeda motor, penulis menggunakan ukuran referensi dari sepeda motor Gesits untuk dianalisiskan dengan beban jalan yang akan dialami oleh sepeda motor tersebut.

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One of the kinds of motor that is very often used as an acctuator is a Brushless Direct Current Motor. Because of that, there needs to be an optimal design of the BLDC motor from simulation using a finite element analysis (FEA) metode. In this section, the motor spesification that was used is a BLDC motor with 24 slot and 8 poles. The design must be optimized so that the torque and speed can withstand the load of the motorcycle and have a smooth rotation of the rotor by reducing the cogging torque. Those optimizations will do with the input of 72 Volts and 80 Ampere. The optimazation of the design is by vary the dimention of the motor and the addition of holes in the tooth of the stator. To realize the design on the motor, the writer uses the Gesits electric motorcycle as a reference to further the analysis of road loads thats going to apply on the motorcycles motor."

"Teknologi perancangan motor listrik brushless direct current telah berkembang pesat. Salah satu parameter yang banyak dikembangkan adalah desain pelilitan pada stator. Penelitian ini mencari desain pelilitan stator motor BLDC 3 fasa 12 slot 8 kutub yang menghasilkan performa terbaik pada motor. Rangkaian dari kumparan yang sefasa yang terdiri dari empat kumparan divariasikan menjadi empat kumparan seri, dua kumparan seri diparalel dengan dua lainnya, dan empat kumparan paralel. Penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan simulasi motor dengan beban dan tanpa beban menggunakan finite element method. Nilai konstanta Ke, efisiensi, torsi, tegangan, dan rugi tembaga dari setiap model rangkaian dibandingkan untuk mengetahui desain lilitan yang memiliki performa terbaik. Hasil simulasi menunjukan model seri-paralel dengan 40 lilitan menghasilkan nilai torsi terbesar dengan besar arus dan advance angle yang sama dan nilai rugi tembaga paling rendah.

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The brushless direct current motor design technology thrives rapidly nowadays. One of its parameter is the stator winding design. This research investigates the stator winding design for 3 phase BLDC 12 slots 8 poles which provides the best motor performance. The circuit of the coils in a phase is varied with series, series-paralel, and paralel connection.

The investigation is done by committing motor no load and load simulations using finite element method calculation. Than the circuit model with the best motor performance is determinable by observing the value of back electromotive constant (Ke), efficiency, torque, voltage, and copper losses of every circuit model. The result shows that the series-paralel model generate higher torque with the same electric current."