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"Penelitian ini mengamati pengaruh digraf, diftong, dan gugus konsonan terhadap performa membaca anak-anak usia lima hingga enam tahun yang mengikuti kursus membaca di Bimbingan Minat Baca dan Belajar (BiMBA) AIUEO, Citayam, Depok. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode eksperimen. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik komunikasi langsung yang menggunakan sebuah tes membaca.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak hanya grafem kompleks, seperti digraf, diftong, dan gugus konsonan, yang memengaruhi performa membaca anak, tetapi juga grafem sederhana. Pengaruh grafem sederhana dan grafem kompleks tersebut memunculkan tiga kekeliruan membaca utama, yakni kekeliruan visual, kekeliruan regularisasi, dan kekeliruan substitusi.

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This research analyzed the effects of digraphs, diphthongs, and consonant cluster to reading performance of children age five to six who join Bimbingan Minat Baca dan Belajar (BiMBA) AIUEO, Citayam, Depok, as a reading course. This research is a qualitative research with an experimental method. To collect data, researcher used direct communication technic with a reading test.

The results showed not only the complex graphemes, like digraphs, diphthongs, and consonant clusters, that effecting children reading performance, but also the simple graphemes. Those effects bring out three main errors, namely visual error, regularisation error, and substitution error."

"ABSTRAKJurnal ini membahas mengenai kata tiruan bahasa Korea lingkup benda alam dalam komik yang berjudul ldquo;4 kheot Cartoon Hanguko Eutaeeo. Euiseongeo rdquo; karya Lee Kyeong Eun dan Choe Hui Jeong dan ldquo;yeppeun gongju euiseongeo donghwa euitaeo dongsi rdquo; karya Moon Man Seok dan Jeong Mi Geum. Penulis menganalisis makna yang dihasilkan dari bentuk variasi vokal dan konsonan kata tiruan bahasa Korea. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa 19 kata tiruan dalam korpus memiliki bentuk variasi vokal dan konsonan yang mempengaruhi nuansa dan makna kata tersebut. Kata tiruan dengan vokal? lsquo;a rsquo; dan? lsquo;o rsquo; , memberikan nuansa yang lebih terang dan kecil dibandingkan dengan kata yang bervokal ? lsquo;eo rsquo; dan ? lsquo;u rsquo;. Konsonan ganda dan konsonan aspiratif memberikan nuansa yang lebih kuat dan keras dibandingkan dengan kata yang berkonsonan tunggal.

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ABSTRACTThis journal discusses Korean imitation word of natural objects in Lee Kyeong Eun and Choe Hui Jeong rsquo s ldquo 4 kheot Cartoon Hanguko Eutaeeo. Euiseongeo rdquo and Moon Man Seok and Jeong Mi Geum rsquo s ldquo yeppeun gongju euiseongeo donghwa euitaeo dongsi rdquo comics. The writer analyze the effect of vowel and consonant variation in Korean imitation words meaning. In doing this research, the writer used descriptive qualitative method. The result shows that 19 imitation words in the corpus have variations of vowels and consonants that affect the nuance and meaning of the word. Imitation word with lsquo a rsquo and lsquo o rsquo vowels, give lighter and smaller nuance than the word with lsquo eo rsquo and lsquo u rsquo vowels. The intensive consonants and aspirated consonants gives stronger and harder nuance than the simple consonants."

"Pengaruh media terhadap kemampuan memahami mental state, yang dikenal sebagai theory of mind (ToM), telah menarik perhatian peneliti perkembangan dalam lima tahun terakhir. Salah satu bentuk media yang sering diteliti adalah fiksi sastra yang telah terbukti berpengaruh terhadap ToM karena mampu memunculkan respon emosi dan intelektual. Penelitian pengaruh fiksi sastra terhadap ToM di kalangan anak usia sekolah bernilai penting. Di masa sekolah, anak tengah menghadapi interaksi dan konteks sosial yang semakin luas, seiring semakin berkembangnya penalaran mental state dan kemampuan literasinya. Untuk membuktikan pengaruh fiksi sastra terhadap ToM anak usia sekolah, peneliti melakukan studi dengan tiga kelompok eksperimen yang masing-masing diberikan bacaan fiksi sastra, fiksi populer, non fiksi, dan satu kelompok kontrol. Perbandingan hasil tes keempat kelompok pada kemampuan first order dan second order ToM menunjukkan bahwa membaca fiksi sastra berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kemampuan first order dan pengaruhnya lebih baik dibandingkan membaca genre lainnya.

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Media influence on the ability to understand the mental state, known as the theory of mind (ToM), has attracted the attention of developmental researchers in the last five years. One of the media that is often studied were fiction. The type of fiction that has proven to give effect on ToM is the literary fiction in which considered able to bring emotional and intellectual response. The study of the effect of literary fiction on ToM conducted towards schoolage children is an important value. School-age children is facing wider interactions and social context, as their development of mental-state in reasoning ability and literacy skills.

Experimental study has done to prove the effect of literary fiction on ToM of school age with three experimental groups, they were groups of reading literary fiction, popular fiction, non-fiction, and one as a control group. Comparison of the results of ToM tests of four groups on the ability of first-order and second order indicate that reading literary fiction significantly affect the ability of first-order and the effect is better than reading the other genres."

"

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) adalah penyakit yang umum pada anak-anak dan remaja, dan mempengaruhi kualitas hidup. Telah ditemukan beberapa faktor risiko IBS, antara lain jenis kelamin, status sosioekonomik, dan gaya hidup. Penelitian mengenai prevalensi, faktor risiko, dan pengaruh IBS pada murid sekolah dasar sangatlah terbatas, khususnya di Indonesia, maka dari itu penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko, epidemiologi, dan pengaruh IBS terhadap performa akademik dan tingkat absensi. Penelitian potong lintang ini mengikutsertakan murid sekolah dasar di sebuah sekolah negeri di Jakarta. Orangtua diminta untuk mengisi kuisioner yang berisi karakteristik demografik dan kuisioner Rome III. Kami menggunakan metode total sampling. Subjek dikelompokkan menjadi dua kelompok (dengan IBS dan tanpa IBS), guna dibandingkan. Data di analisa menggunakan Pearson Chi-square, dan Mann-Whitney test. Di antara 154 subjek (86 laki-laki dan 68 perempuan) dengan umur median 9,68 tahun, 13 (8,4%) memiliki IBS. Umur, latar belakang pendidikan orangtua, dan kelas tidak berkaitan secara signifikan terhadap IBS. Jenis kelamin berkaitan secara signifikan terhadap IBS dengan perempuan sebagai faktor risiko yang signifikan. Absen tidak terkait secara signifikan dengan IBS, tetapi terlihat bahwa subjek dengan IBS memiliki nilai yang lebih tinggi sedikit dibandingkan dengan subjek tanpa IBS (P = 0.282).

Kesimpulan: Prevalensi IBS adalah 8,4%. Jenis kelamin adalah satu-satunya faktor risiko yang signifikan, dan tingkat absensi dan performa akademik secara statistik tidak signifikan terkait IBS.

---

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder in children and adolescent, that influence their quality of life. Previous studies have shown that there are several risk factors towards IBS, such as gender, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle. Knowledge regarding the prevalence, risk factors, and impact of IBS in primary school students is very limited, especially in Indonesia, thus this study was aimed to explore the risk factors, epidemiology, and impact of IBS towards academic achievement and school absenteeism. This cross-sectional study included primary school students in a public school in Jakarta. Parents were asked to complete the questionnaires which comprise of demographic characteristics and Rome III questionnaire. We used total sampling. Then, the subjects were separated into two groups (those with IBS and those without IBS) in order to compare between the two. Data were analyzed with Pearson Chi-square, and Mann-Whitney test. Among 154 subjects (86 males and 68 females) with median age of 9.68 years, 13 (8.4%) had IBS. Age, parental education, and grade was not significantly associated with IBS. However, gender was a significant factor towards IBS with females as the significant risk factor. Absence was not significantly associated with IBS, but it is shown that those with IBS had slightly higher average score compared to those without IBS (P = 0.282).

Conclusion: Prevalence of IBS among primary school is 8.4. Gender was the only significant factor associated with IBS and that school absenteeism and academic achievement were not significantly associated with IBS.

"

"Penelitian ini menggunakan data 31 perusahaan publik terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (IDX) dengan rentang 10 tahun (2014-2023). Penelitian ini meggunakan metode regresi panel data dengan Fixed Effect pada Model A-ESG serta Random Effect pada Model B-Sustainability Report. Ditemukan pilar Environment bersifat negatif dan signifikan terhadap ROA, namun pilar Social dan Governance bersifat positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap ROA. Adanya Sustainability Report bersifat negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap ROA perusahaan di Indonesia.

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This research uses data from 31 public companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) over a span of 10 years (2014-2023). This study employs the panel data regression method with a Fixed Effect on Model A-ESG and a Random Effect on Model B-Sustainability Report. It was found that the Environment pillar has a negative and significant effect on ROA, however, the Social and Governance pillars have a positive and insignificant effect on ROA. The presence of a Sustainability Report has a negative and insignificant effect on the ROA of companies in Indonesia."

"Pada rentang usia 4-5 tahun, anak-anak berada pada tahapan pembaca pemula. Umumnya, anak-anak mulai diperkenalkan dengan dengan beragam kegiatan membaca, salah satunya kegiatan membaca buku di kelas. Pendekatan membacakan buku cerita oleh guru akan membantu mereka meningkatkan keterampilan kognitifnya dalam memahami cerita yang dibacakan sebelum memasuki tahapan pembaca mandiri. Meningkatkan keterampilan pemahaman cerita pada anak dapat mendukung mereka untuk menjadi pembaca yang baik sekaligus menumbuhkan minat terhadap buku. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara pendekatan shared book reading (SBR) dan pemahaman anak terhadap cerita.  Penelitian ini menggunakan within subject desain dengan melakukan kontrol kondisi untuk membandingkan skor pemahaman anak terhadap cerita pada pre-test dan post-test atau pada masing-masing kondid yang diberikan. Kondisi pertama yaitu kondisi saat anak dibacakan cerita tanpa pendekatan shared book reading atau dengan pendekatan yang digunakan sehari-hari dan kondisi kedua saat anak dibacakan cerita menggunakan pendekatan shared book reading. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah 4 orang guru dan 21 orang anak dengan rentang usia 4-5 tahun di Satuan PAUD Sejenis (SPS). Uji sign test dilakukan untuk menganalisa data kualitatif yag diperoleh mengenai pemahaman anak terhadap cerita pada. Terkait pendekatan SBR, penelitian ini juga memberikan pelatihan pada guru serta melakukan pengukuran terhadap keterampilan guru pada saat sebelum dan sesudah pemberian pelatihan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bahwa terdapat peningkatan skor pemahaman anak terhadap cerita saat guru membacakan cerita dengan pendekatan shared book reading dengan nilai probabilitas < .05, yaitu .01. Hasil tersebut berbanding lurus dengan peningkatan skor keterampilan yang diperoleh guru setelah diberikan pelatihan pendekatan shared book reading yang ditampilkan di dalam grafik.

---

At age of 4-5 years old, children are at the stage of beginner readers. Generally, children are introduced to various reading activities, one of them is reading books in the classroom. Certain reading approach used by the teacher will help them improve their cognitive skills in understanding the stories that has been read, before entering the independent reader stage. Improving story comprehension skills in children can support them to become good readers while fostering their interest in books. This study aims to investigate the relationship between shared book reading (SBR) approach and children's story comprehension. This study used within group design by controlling condition to compare children's story comprehension score at pre-test and post-test or in each condition given. The first condition in this study was when children read stories without a shared book reading approach or with a daily approach and second condition is when children read stories using a shared book reading approach. Participants in this study were 4 teachers and 21 children aged 4-5 years old from an early childhood education unit or Satuan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) which is categorized as Satuan PAUD Sejenis (SPS). A sign test was employed to analyze the quantitative data gained about children's story comprehension. Regarding the SBR approach, this study also provides training for teachers as well as measuring teacher's skills before and after training. The findings of this study indicated that there was an increase in children's story comprehension when teacher read the story with shared book reading approach by showing probability value of <.05, which is .01. These results were directly proportional to the increase in skills scores obtained by teachers after training in the shared book reading approach shown in the graph. "

"Sel termoradiatif (TR) menghasilkan energi listrik dari energi panas melalui sambungan p-n. Proses ini melibatkan produksi kelebihan elektron dan hole karena perbedaan suhu antara sel dengan lingkungannya yang menghasilkan rekombinasi radiatif dan emisi foton. Tujuan dari tesis ini adalah untuk memperdalam pemahaman kita tentang bagaimana suhu, ketergantungan celah pita, kehilangan sub-celah pita (sub-bandgap), dan faktor rasio pembangkitan nonradiasi mempengaruhi efektivitas sel TR. Secara khusus, tesis ini berfokus pada semikonduktor celah pita langsung pada golongan III-V. Dengan menggunakan model keseimbangan terperinci dan perhitungan DFT, efisiensi dievaluasi berdasarkan ketergantungan suhu dan celah pita. Ditemukan bahwa material dengan energi celah pita yang lebih kecil tidak terlalu terpengaruh oleh sub-celah pita dan kehilangan panas. Oleh karena itu, material tersebut lebih efisien. Di antara material yang dikaji (GaAs, GaSb, InAs, InP, dan Si), InAs menunjukkan efisiensi tertinggi sekitar 24,99% pada suhu sel 1000 K. Hal ini disebabkan oleh energi celah pita yang kecil. Selain itu, material dengan celah pita langsung terbukti lebih efisien dalam mengubah radiasi termal menjadi listrik daripada material dengan celah pita tidak langsung. Tesis ini menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi sel TR dapat ditingkatkan secara signifikan dengan menggabungkan pita perantara, rekayasa celah pita, dan mengoptimalkan sifat intrinsik. Namun, eksperimen lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk memvalidasi temuan ini. Penelitian ini memberikan dasar untuk mengoptimalkan sel TR untuk mencapai konversi energi panas ke listrik yang lebih efisien.

---

Thermoradiative (TR) cells generate electrical energy from thermal energy through p-n junctions. This process involves the production of an excess of electrons and holes owing to the temperature difference between the cell and its surroundings, resulting in radiative recombination and photon emission. The objective of this thesis is to deepen our understanding of how the temperature, bandgap dependencies, sub-bandgap loss, and nonradiative generation ratio factors influence the effectiveness of TR cells. In particular, it focuses on direct-bandgap semiconductors in the III-V group.

Utilizing detailed-balance models and DFT calculations, the efficiency was evaluated based on temperature and bandgap dependencies. It was found that materials with smaller bandgap energies are less affected by sub-bandgap and heat losses; hence, they are more efficient. Among the examined materials (GaAs, GaSb, InAs, InP, and Si), InAs exhibited the highest efficiency of approximately 24.99% at a cell temperature of 1000 K. This was attributed to the small bandgap energy. Moreover, materials with direct bandgaps proved to be more efficient in converting thermal radiation to electricity than those with indirect bandgaps.

This thesis suggests that the efficiency of TR cells can be significantly improved by incorporating an intermediate band, bandgap engineering, and optimizing the intrinsic properties. However, further experiments are required to validate these findings. This research provides a foundation for optimizing TR cells to attain more efficient thermal-to-electrical energy conversion."

"[Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan antara posisi gigi insisif pertama rahang atas dan freeway space pada pemakai gigi tiruan lengkap (GTL) dengan waktu adaptasi fonetik berdasarkan Baku Emas Palatogram Konsonan Linguo-Palatal Bahasa Indonesia, khususnya huruf ?s? dan ?z?. Desain penelitian kuasi-eksperimental dengan subjek terdiri dari 35 pemakai GTL. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa terdapat hubungan bermakna antara posisi gigi insisif pertama rahang atas dan waktu adaptasi fonetik huruf ?s? dan ?z?, namun tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara freeway space dan waktu adaptasi fonetik.;The objective of this study is to analyze relationship between position of upper first incisive and freeway space of the complete denture wearers with the phonetic adaptation time, based on the gold standard of Indonesian linguo-palatal consonant palatogram, in order to be able to pronounce linguo-palatal consonant, especially ?s? and ?z? sound. This research is quasi-expertiment study, consist of 35 subject of complete denture wearers. The result of this study is that the position of the upper first incisive affecting the phonetic adaptation of complete denture wearer especially ?s? and ?z? sound. Nontheless, no significant relationship between freeway space and phonetic adaptation time.;The objective of this study is to analyze relationship between position of upper first incisive and freeway space of the complete denture wearers with the phonetic adaptation time, based on the gold standard of Indonesian linguo-palatal consonant palatogram, in order to be able to pronounce linguo-palatal consonant, especially ?s? and ?z? sound. This research is quasi-expertiment study, consist of 35 subject of complete denture wearers. The result of this study is that the position of the upper first incisive affecting the phonetic adaptation of complete denture wearer especially ?s? and ?z? sound. Nontheless, no significant relationship between freeway space and phonetic adaptation time.;The objective of this study is to analyze relationship between position of upper first incisive and freeway space of the complete denture wearers with the phonetic adaptation time, based on the gold standard of Indonesian linguo-palatal consonant palatogram, in order to be able to pronounce linguo-palatal consonant, especially ?s? and ?z? sound. This research is quasi-expertiment study, consist of 35 subject of complete denture wearers. The result of this study is that the position of the upper first incisive affecting the phonetic adaptation of complete denture wearer especially ?s? and ?z? sound. Nontheless, no significant relationship between freeway space and phonetic adaptation time., The objective of this study is to analyze relationship between position of upper first incisive and freeway space of the complete denture wearers with the phonetic adaptation time, based on the gold standard of Indonesian linguo-palatal consonant palatogram, in order to be able to pronounce linguo-palatal consonant, especially ‘s’ and ‘z’ sound. This research is quasi-expertiment study, consist of 35 subject of complete denture wearers. The result of this study is that the position of the upper first incisive affecting the phonetic adaptation of complete denture wearer especially ‘s’ and ‘z’ sound. Nontheless, no significant relationship between freeway space and phonetic adaptation time.]"

"ABSTRAK Gangguan fonetik atau pengucapan yang tidak jelas sering ditemukan pada pasien setelah pemasangan gigi tiruan lengkap rahang atas. Gangguan yang terjadi dapat diperiksa menggunakan palatogram pengucapan konsonan linguo-palatal. Salah satu cara yang dapat membantu adaptasi fonetik adalah pembuatan rugae palatina pada basis GTL RA. Rugae palatina berfungsi sebagai panduan peletakan lidah pada palatum anterior untuk menghasilkan artikulasi yang tepat bunyi konsonan linguo-palatal khususnya huruf lsquo;t rsquo; dan lsquo;d rsquo;. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi pembuataan rugae palatina pada basis GTL RA yang dapat mempengaruhi adaptasi fonetik. Responden terdiri dari 20 pemakai GTL RA yang dibagi menjadi 10 GTL RA dengan rugae palatina dan 10 GTL RA tanpa rugae palatina. Dilakukan pemeriksaan dengan palatogram pengucapan huruf lsquo;t rsquo; dan lsquo;d rsquo;, serta dievaluasi kemiripannya dengan baku emas palatogram bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross over dan faktor-faktor yang diperhatikan dalam hubungannya dengan rugae adalah lama pemakaian, usia, dan jenis kelamin. Hasil penelitian ini adalah pembuatan rugae palatina pada basis GTL RA membutuhkan waktu 1 minggu untuk mendapatkan adaptasi fonetiknya. Nilai rerata saat pengucapan huruf lsquo;t rsquo; dan lsquo;d rsquo; yang baik adalah 60,15 dan 69,65 dengan simpang baku 3,31 dan 3,79. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah GTL RA dengan rugae mempercepat adaptasi fonetik.

---

ABSTRACT

Phonetic disturbances or unclear pronounciation were often found in patients after insertion of maxillary complete denture. These disturbances could be assessed using palatogram of Indonesian linguo palatal consonant. One of the methods to improve phonetic adaptation was creation of palatine rugae on maxillary complete denture base. Palatine rugae functioned as tongue placement guidance on anterior palate to produce correct articulation of linguo palatal consonant sound, especially the letter lsquo t rsquo and lsquo d rsquo . The purpose of this study was to evaluate palatine rugae creation on maxillary complete denture bases that could affect phonetic adaptation. Respondents were 20 maxillary complete denture wearers, composed of 10 maxillary complete dentures with palatine rugae and 10 maxillary complete dentures without palatine rugae. Assessment was done using palatogram lsquo t rsquo and lsquo d rsquo pronounciation, and the similarity with Indonesian palatogram gold standard were evaluated. This study used cross over method and the factors considered in the relation with rugae were duration of usage, age, and sex. The result of this study was that it took 1 week to achieve phonetic adaptation of maxillary complete denture with palatine rugae. Mean scores in good lsquo t rsquo and lsquo d rsquo pronounciation were 60.15 and 69.65 with standard deviation 3.31 and 3.79. Conclusion of this study is maxillary complete denture with rugae palatine shortens phonetic adaptation. "