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"Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian PS terhadap jumlah larva, sel madu, volume dan kualitas madu hasil panen. Pemberian PS dapat menggantikan pollen sebagai sumber protein bagi Apis mellifera untuk mempertahankan produktivitas koloninya. Pollen substitute dibuat menggunakan 6 g biomassa basah Candida hawaiiana CR014 dicampur dengan 100 mL sirup nanas. Dua koloni (P.2 dan P.3) sebagai perlakuan diberi PS, sedangkan dua koloni (K.1 dan K.2) sebagai kontrol positif diberi campuran pollen jagung dengan 100 mL sirup nanas, setiap minggu selama enam minggu pada musim kemarau. Jumlah larva dan sel madu diamati setiap minggu selama delapan minggu. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji ANOVA satu faktor, HSD Tukey, dan uji T. Volume dan kualitas madu hasil panen ditentukan pada minggu ketujuh setelah pemberian PS. Rerata jumlah larva pada koloni perlakuan tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05) dengan kontrol positif. Rerata jumlah sel madu pada koloni perlakuan berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dengan kontrol positif. Volume madu hasil panen dari setiap koloni relatif stabil. Kualitas madu dari koloni perlakuan dan kontrol positif secara umum memenuhi SNI Madu 01-3545-2004, kecuali konsentrasi sukrosa. Pemberian PS selama enam minggu pada musim kemarau dapat mempertahankan produktivitas koloni A. mellifera (jumlah larva, sel madu, dan volume madu yang dihasilkan).

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The study aimed to examine the effect of PS on the number of larvae, honey cells, volume and quality of honey yields. Feeding PS can replace pollen as a protein source for Apis mellifera to maintain productivity of colonies. Pollen substitute was made from 6 g of wet biomass of Candida hawaiiana CR014 mixed with 100 mL pineapple sugar. Two colonies (P.2 and P.3) as treatment, were each fed with PS, while two colonies (K.1 and K.2) as positive control, were each fed with 100 mL of a mixture of maize?s pollen and pineapple sugar, once a week for six weeks during dry season. The total number of larvae and honey cells were counted every week for eight weeks.

The results were analyzed using one way ANOVA test, HSD Tukey, and independent T test. The volume and quality of honey yields were determined on seventh week after the PS feeding. The number of larvae in treated colonies was not significantly different (P>0,05) from positive control. The number of honey cells in treated colonies was significantly different (P<0,05) from positive control. The volume of honey yields from each colonies relatively stable. The quality of honey yields from treated colonies and positive control met the National Quality Standard based on SNI 01-3545-2004, except sucrose concentration. It is concluded that feeding of PS for six weeks during dry season could maintain productivity of A. mellifera colonies (the number of larvae, honey cells, and volume of honey yields)."

"Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pollen substitute (PS) yang dibandingkan dengan pemberian pollen pada Apis mellifera. Sebanyak dua koloni Apis mellifera diberi perlakuan PS (P2 dan P3) setiap minggu selama tujuh minggu. Pollen substitute dibuat dari biomassa basah Candida hawaiiana CR014 yang disajikan dengan gula pasir, dan sari nanas dengan rasio 6: 100: 40 (b/b/v). Sebanyak dua koloni A. mellifera yang digunakan sebagai kontrol positif (K2 dan K3) diberi pakan berupa sari nanas dan pollen setiap minggu selama tujuh minggu. Jumlah larva dan lebah pekerja diamati setiap minggu selama tujuh minggu. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji Anava satu faktor dan uji T. Secara umum, terjadi penurunan jumlah lebah pekerja pada koloni yang diberi PS dan koloni yang diberi pollen, namun jumlah lebah pekerja pada koloni yang diberi PS tidak berbeda secara signifikan (P>0,05) dengan koloni yang diberi pollen. Jumlah larva pada koloni yang diberi PS tidak berbeda secara signifikan (P>0,05) dengan koloni yang diberi pollen. Pemberian PS dapat menggantikan peran pollen sebagai sumber protein dalam mempertahankan jumlah lebah pekerja dan jumlah larva A. mellifera.

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The research aimed to determine the effect of pollen substitute and compared with pollen to feed Apis mellifera. Two colonies (P2 and P3), as a treatment, were each fed with PS once a week during seven weeks experimental period. PS was made of wet biomass of Candida hawaiiana CR014 which served with sugar and pineapple juice with ratio 6: 100: 40 (b/b/v). Two colonies (K1 and K2), as positive control were fed pineapple juice and pollen once a week during seven weeks. The number of larvae and the number of worker were determined every once in a week for seven weeks.

The result were analyzed using one way Anova test and independence T test. Commonly, there were a decrease in the number of worker between colony fed PS and colony fed pollen but there were no significant variations (p>0,05) in the number of worker between colony fed PS compare to pollen. There were no significant variations (p>0,05) in the number of larvae between colony fed PS compare to pollen. PS can replace pollen as source of protein and maintain the number of worker and larvae of A. mellifera."

"Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pollen substitute (PS) mengandung biomassa C. hawaiiana CR014 terhadap jumlah larva dan pupa lebah pekerja A. mellifera. Sebagai kontrol positif koloni lebah madu diberi pakan tambahan pollen jagung. Pemberian pakan dilakukan sekali seminggu selama enam minggu pada musim kemarau. Hasil uji ANOVA satu faktor menunjukkan bahwa rerata jumlah larva yang dihasilkan per minggu pada koloni perlakuan dan koloni kontrol positif tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05). Begitu pula dengan rerata jumlah pupa pada koloni perlakuan dan kontrol positif per minggu tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05). Hasil uji T juga menunjukkan bahwa rerata jumlah larva dan pupa per minggu antara koloni perlakuan dan koloni kontrol positif tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05). Pemberian PS pada A. mellifera memberikan pengaruh yang hampir sama baiknya dengan pemberian pollen jagung terhadap jumlah larva dan pupa lebah pekerja A. mellifera selama periode pengamatan tujuh minggu. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa PS yang mengandung biomassa C. hawaiiana CR014 dapat menggantikan peran pollen alami sebagai sumber protein A. mellifera untuk mempertahankan produktivitas koloninya pada musim kemarau.

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The research aimed to examine the effect of pollen substitute (PS) containing Candida hawaiiana CR014 on the number of larvae and pupae of worker bees Apis mellifera. Colonies of a positive control were fed with maize?s pollen. The colonies were fed once a week for six weeks in the dry season. The one-way Anova test showed that the mean number of larvae produced per week in the treated group were not significantly difference from the positive control (P> 0,05). Similarly, the mean number of pupae produced per week in treated group and the positive control were not significantly difference (P>0,05).

The T-test showed that the mean number of larvae and pupae per week between the treated group and the positive control were not significantly difference (P>0,05). The study indicated that PS and the maize?s pollen has an almost similar effect on the number of larvae and the number of pupae of worker bees produced by the colonies during the experiment. It is concluded that PS containing C. hawaiiana CR014 might be used to replace natural pollens as a protein source to maintain productivity of A. mellifera during the dry season."

"Penelitian bertujuan untuk membuat pollen substitute (PS) yang disukai dan dapat meningkatkan produktivitas lebah madu Apis cerana. Bahan dasar yang digunakan sebagai komponen PS adalah tepung kedelai rendah lemak dan susu skim. Tiga macam pollen substitute yang dibuat adalah PSA (terdiri dari bahan dasar; Candida hawaiiana CR015; madu), PSB (terdiri dari bahan dasar; sirup gula 50%), dan PSC (terdiri dari bahan dasar; madu). Setiap jenis pollen substitute diberikan kepada tiga koloni lebah madu selama 20 hari, sedangkan koloni kontrol tidak diberi pollen substitute. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PSA (rata-rata tingkat konsumsi 55,59 % per hari) yang paling disukai oleh lebah madu Apis cerana, selanjutnya PSC (rata-rata tingkat konsumsi 50,39 % per hari) dan PSB (rata-rata tingkat konsumsi 34,26 % per hari). Pemberian semua jenis pollen substitute meningkatkan produktivitas honey comb dengan penambahan keliling (0,39--2,28 % per hari) honey comb. Koloni kontrol juga mengalami penambahan keliling honey comb (0,19--0,26 % per hari) akan tetapi tidak mengalami penambahan jumlah honey comb.

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The research aimed to make pollen substitute (PS) preferred by and increase the productivity of Apis cerana honeybee. Basic ingredients of pollen substitute were low-fat soy flour and skim milk. Three types of pollen substitutes were made: PSA (base material; Candida hawaiiana CR015; honey), PSB (base material; 50% sugar syrup), and PSC (base material; honey). Pollen substitutes were applied to three groups colonies (each group: three colonies) for 20 days and no application of pollen substitute to control colonies. The results showed that Apis cerana preferred PSA (the average of consumption rate 55.59 % per day) and PSC (the average of consumption rate 50.39 % per day) to PSB (the average of consumption rate 34.26 % per day). Provision of all types of pollen substitute improve productivity of honeybee with the addition of honey comb circumference (0.39--2.28% per day) and the number of honey comb. Circumference of honey comb in control colonies was increased (0.19--0.26% per day) but there was no increase in the number of honey comb."

"Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian Pollen Substitute (PS) dan Nectar Substitute (NS) terhadap produktivitas Apis cerana, dan menganalisis kualitas madu sesuai Standar Nasional Indonesia. Pemberian PS dan NS berfungsi sebagai pengganti pakan alami lebah madu, yaitu pollen dan nectar. Pollen Substitute dibuat dari biomassa basah khamir Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan NS dari sirup nanas. Pakan diberikan dengan cara mencampurkan 2 gr PS dan 50 ml NS. Pada penelitian digunakan 10 koloni lebah madu: lima koloni sebagai kontrol dan lima koloni untuk perlakuan, seluruh koloni dibiarkan tetap mencari pakan alaminya. Pollen substitute dan NS diberikan setiap hari selama 2 periode (6 minggu per periode). Produktivitas lebah madu diamati setiap periode. Analisis kualitas madu dilakukan setelah 6 minggu. Hasil pengamatan pada dua periode menunjukkan penambahan keliling sisir madu dan jumlah sisir madu pada koloni perlakuan lebih besar dibandingkan kontrol. Meskipun demikian hasil uji T menunjukkan pemberian perlakuan tidak berbeda nyata terhadap kontrol (P>0,05). Rerata kenaikan keliling sisir madu dan jumlah sisir madu berturut–turut pada koloni kontrol sebesar 37 ± 23,42 cm dan 0,75 ± 0,95 buah (periode 1); 172,5 ± 79,65 cm dan 3,5 ± 1,73 buah (periode 2). Sedangkan pada koloni yang diberi PS dan NS sebesar 52 ± 55,37 cm dan 1,25 ± 1,5 (periode I); 199,5 ± 79,41 cm dan 5 ± 2,16 buah (periode 2). Volume madu yang dihasilkan koloni perlakuan lebih banyak dibandingkan kontrol, baik pada periode 1 maupun periode 2. Hasil analisis kualitas madu kontrol dan yang diberi PS dan NS sesuai dengan SNI 8664:2018. Pemberian PS dan NS mampu mempertahankan dan meningkatkan produktivitas koloni A. cerana yaitu pada keliling sisir, jumlah sisir, volume madu, dan kekuatan koloni.

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The aims of this study were to examine the effect of pollen substitute (PS) and nectar substitute (NS) on the productivity of Apis cerana colonies and the quality of honey according to Indonesian National Standard for honey. Provision of PS and NS serves as a substitute for natural pollen and nectar. Pollen Substitute was prepared from wet biomass of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and NS from pineapple syrup. The feed were given to the colony by mixing 2 g of PS and 50 ml of NS. Ten honeybee colonies were used in this study, five colonies were used as feeding trials and five colonies as control, and they were allowed to forage on flowers. Pollen substitute and nectar substitute were provided to the colonies every day for two periods (total 12 weeks, six weeks per period). Honey quality analysis was performed after six weeks. The results of provision of PS and NS in two periods to the colonies showed the greater than the control in their increasing of honeycomb circumference and the number of honeycombs. However, the results of the T test showed that the provision of PS and NS was not significantly different from the control (P>0,05). The average increase in the honeycomb circumference and the number of honeycombs in control colonies were 37 ± 23.42 cm and 0.75 ± 0.95 pieces (period 1); 172.5 ± 79.65 cm and 3.5 ± 1.73 pieces (period 2). Meanwhile, the colonies fed on PS and NS were 52 ± 55.37 cm and 1.25 ± 1.5 (period 1); 199.5 ± 79.41 cm and 5 ± 2.16 pieces (period 2). The yield of honey produced from colonies fed on PS and NS was higher than control colonies, both in periods 1 and 2. The quality of honey produced by the colony fed on PS and NS met the criteria of the Indonesian National Standard for honey SNI 8664:2018. This study revealed that the provision of PS and NS was able to maintain and increased the productivity of A. cerana colonies, in terms of honeycomb circumference, number of honeycombs, honey yield, and colony strength.

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"Penelitian bertujuan membuat pollen substitute (PS) yang disukai dan dapat meningkatkan produktivitas lebah madu A. cerana. Tiga macam pollen substitute dibuat dengan bahan dasar tepung kedelai dan susu skim. PS A mengandung bahan dasar, Candida parapsilosis CR057, dan madu; PS B mengandung bahan dasar dan sirup gula; dan PS C mengandung bahan dasar dan madu. Pemberian PS dilakukan selama 20 hari dan lebah dibiarkan mencari serbuk sari dan nektar di alam. Koloni kontrol tidak diberi PS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa A. cerana lebih menyukai PS A dan PS C dibandingkan PS B. Pemberian semua jenis PS meningkatkan keliling (1,03--1,51% per hari) dan jumlah honeycomb. Koloni yang diberi PS A mengalami peningkatan keliling honeycomb terbesar (1,51% per hari). Secara umum, lebah pekerja yang diberi PS dan kontrol mengalami kenaikan berat badan (28,39%--52,32%). Pada kontrol terdapat kenaikan kenaikan keliling honeycomb, akan tetapi tidak terdapat penambahan jumlah honeycomb.

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The research aimed to make pollen substitutes preferred by and increase the productivity of A. cerana. Basic ingredients of pollen substitutes (PS) were soy flour and skim milk. There were three types of pollen substitutes, i.e. PS A contained basic ingredients, Candida parapsilosis CR057, and honey; PS B contained basic ingredients and sugar syrup; and PS C contained basic ingredients and honey. The pollen substitutes were fed to colonies of A. cerana for 20 days but they were allowed to forage on flowers. No PS was given to the control colonies.

The results showed that A. cerana preferred PS A and PS C to PS B. Increases of circumference (1.03--1.51% each day) and number of honeycombs were observed in colonies fed with all types of PSs. The increases of circumference of colonies fed PS A was greater than those of other PSs and control (1.51% each day). Generally, the weight of individual worker bees increased in colonies fed with PSs and control (28.39%--52.32%). There was an increase of the circumference of honeycombs in control but there was no addition of honeycomb."

"ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh pemberian madu PS (pollen substitute) terhadap gambaran histologi pulau Langerhans pankreas pada mencit (Mus musculus L.) jantan galur DDY yang diinduksi aloksan. Sebanyak 24 ekor mencit dibagi dalam 4 kelompok 6 ulangan, yaitu: kelompok kontrol normal (KK1), kelompok kontrol diabetes (KK2), kelompok perlakuan pemberian madu PS 10% (KP1), dan kelompok perlakuan pemberian madu PS 20% (KP2). Pencekokan madu PS dilakukan setiap hari selama 14 hari berturut-turut. Pada hari ke-15, mencit dikorbankan, organ pankreas diisolasi dan dibuat sediaan histologi menggunakan metode parafin dengan pewarnaan Hematoksilin Eosin (HE). Sediaan diamati secara mikroskopik menggunakan mikroskop cahaya dan mikroproyektor. Data rerata diameter pulau Langerhans mencit dan jumlah sel β pankreas adalah sebagai berikut: KKI (115,03 ± 4,94) µm, (59,47 ± 2,08); KK2 (51,09 ± 8,39) µm, (15,24 ± 2,54); KP1 (106,70 ± 4,75) µm, (40,89 ± 2,33); KP2 (114,24 ± 10,85) µm, (46,78 ± 3,2). Hasil uji LSD (P < 0,05) menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan nyata antara kelompok perlakuan dengan kelompok kontrol KK2. Hal ini berarti bahwa pemberian madu PS (pollen substitute) memengaruhi rerata diameter pulau Langerhans dan jumlah sel β pankreas pada dosis 10% dan 20%.

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ABSTRACTThe study was undertaken to assess the effect of PS (pollen substitute) honey intake on recovery diameter islet of Langerhans pancreas of alloxan-induced male-DDY mice (Mus musculus L.). Tweenty-four male mice were randomly devided into four groups, consisting of normal control group (KK1), treatment control group (KK2), two treatment groups (KP1 and KP2) which was administered with alloxan and PS honey in concentration of 10% and 20%, respectively. Treatments were carried out orally within 14 consecutive days. The mice were sacrified at day 15 (T15). Histology slides was made with paraffin method and stained with Haematoxyline Eosin (HE) and observed with microscope and microprojector. Mean of diameter of islet of Langerhans and pancreatic cell β number : KKI (115,03 ± 4,94) µm, (59,47 ± 2,08); KK2 (51,09 ±8,39) µm, (15,24 ± 2,54); KP1 (106,70 ± 4,75) µm, (40,89 ± 2,33); KP2 (114,24 ±10,85) µm, (46,78 ± 3,2). Least significant difference (LSD) (P < 0,05%) test showed a significant effect of treatment. The result demonstrated the potential beneficiary effect of PS (pollen substitute) Honey for recovery diameter of islet of Langerhans and pancreatic cell β number in concentration of 10% and 20%."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian madu PS (Pollen substitute) terhadap penurunan konsentrasi kolesterol total plasma darah tikus putih jantan. Dua puluh empat ekor tikus putih jantan dibagi dalam 4 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol normal (KK1) yang hanya diberi akuades, kelompok kontrol perlakuan (KK2) yang diberi diet lemak tinggi dan akuades, dan 2 kelompok perlakuan (KP1 dan KP2) yang diberi diet lemak tinggi, Propylthiouracil (PTU) dan madu PS dengan konsentrasi berturut-turut 10% dan 20%. Bahan uji diberikan setiap hari selama 14 hari. Pengambilan darah dilakukan pada hari ke-0 (T0) dan hari ke-14 (T14). Analisis konsentrasi kolesterol total dilakukan dengan metode Cholesterol Oxidase Para Aminophenazone (CHOD-PAP). Hasil uji anova satu faktor (P<0,05) pada akhir penelitan menunjukkan adanya pengaruh nyata pemberian madu PS terhadap konsentrasi kolesterol total pada semua kelompok perlakuan. Hasil uji LSD (P<0,05) menunjukkan penurunan kolesterol total pada seluruh kelompok perlakuan (KP1 dan KP2). Penurunan konsentrasi kolesterol total terbesar dicapai oleh kelompok perlakuan konsentrasi 20% (KP2) dengan persentase penurunan mencapai 16,22% dibandingkan terhadap KK2. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian madu PS dapat menurunkan konsentrasi kolesterol total secara signifikan.

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The study was undertaken to assess the effect of pollen substitute (PS) honey on blood total cholesterol concentration of Sprague Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus L.). Twenty four rats were divided into four treatment groups, consisting of a normal control group (KK1) which had no high lipid diet treatment; a treatment control group (KK2); which was fed with a high lipid diet only; and two treatment groups (KP1 and KP2) which were fed .with a high lipid diet, Propylthiouracil (PTU), and PS honey at different concentrations, 10% and 20% respectively, for 14 consecutive days. The treatment was carried out by gavage method. The concentrations of blood total cholesterol were analyzed with Cholesterol Oxidase Para Aminophenazone (CHOD-PAP) method.

One way anova test (P<0,05) showed that blood total cholesterol concentrations decreased significantly. LSD test (P<0,05) showed that the decreased blood total cholesterol concentration occurred at both treatment groups (KP1 and KP2). The concentration of blood total cholesterol reduced into the normal range. Even though the reducing effect of PS honey was showed at both doses of 10% and 20%, the more prominent result was gained by the later one. It is concluded that feeding with PS honey significantly lowered blood total cholesterol concentration."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian madu PS (Pollen Substitute) terhadap konsentrasi trigliserida plasma darah tikus (Rattus norvegicus L.) jantan galur Sprague-Dawley. Dua puluh empat tikus jantan dibagi dalam empat kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol normal (KK1) yang tidak diberi diet tinggi lemak, kelompok kontrol perlakuan (KK2) yang diberi diet tinggi lemak, larutan propylthiouracil (PTU) 0,01%, dan akuades, dan dua kelompok perlakuan (KP1 dan KP2) yang diberi diet tinggi lemak, larutan propylthiouracil (PTU) 0,01%, dan madu PS dengan dosis masing-masing 10% dan 20% b/v. Bahan uji diberikan setiap hari selama 14 hari berturut-turut. Hasil uji anava satu faktor (P < 0,05) menunjukkan adanya pengaruh nyata pemberian madu PS terhadap konsentrasi trigliserida akhir pada semua kelompok perlakuan. Hasil uji LSD (P<0,05) menunjukkan penurunan konsentrasi trigliserida pada seluruh kelompok perlakuan (KP1 dan KP2). Konsentrasi trigliserida pada kelompok perlakuan yang mendekati kelompok kontrol normal dicapai oleh kelompok perlakuan dengan dosis 20% b/v.

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The research was done to observe the effect of honey PS (Pollen Substitute) on the concentration of triglyceride in blood plasma of male rat (Rattus norvegicus L.) Sprague-Dawley strain. Twenty-five male rats were divided into four groups, consisting of normal control group (KK1) that was not given a high fat diet, treatment control group (KK2) that was given a high fat diet, 0.01% propylthiouracil (PTU) solution, and two treatment groups (KP1 and KP2) that were given a high fat diet, 0.01% propylthiouracil (PTU) solution, and honey PS with dose of 10% and 20% w/v, respectively, for 14 consecutive days.

The result of anova test (P < 0.05) showed significant effect of honey PS toward triglyceride concentration in all treatment groups. LSD test (P < 0,05) showed that the decreased blood total cholesterol concentration occurred at both treatment groups (KP1 and KP2). The concentration of triglyceride in the treatment group that approached the normal control group achieved by the treatment group with dose of 20% w/v."

"Penelitian bertujuan membuat pollen substitute (PS) yang disukai dan dapat meningkatkan produktivitas lebah madu A. cerana. Pollen substitute dibuat dengan bahan dasar tepung kedelai dan susu skim. Pada penelitian ini A.cerana diberikan tiga macam pollen substitute, yaitu PS A (mengandung bahan dasar, Debaryomyces hansenii CR133, madu); PS B (mengandung bahan dasar, sirup gula); PS C (mengandung bahan dasar, madu). Pemberian PS selama 20 hari, dan lebah dibiarkan mencari serbuk sari dan nektar di alam. Koloni kontrol tidak diberi PS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PS yang dibuat memenuhi kriteria sebagai PS yang baik. Apis cerana menyukai PS A dan PS C dengan tingkat konsumsi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan PS B. Pemberian semua jenis PS meningkatkan keliling (0,3--4,5 cm per hari) dan jumlah honeycomb. Pada kontrol terdapat kenaikan keliling honeycomb (0,2--0,5 cm per hari), namun tidak ada penambahan jumlah honeycomb. Secara umum, lebah pekerja yang diberi PS dan kontrol mengalami kenaikan berat badan (5--56,94%).

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The research aimed to make pollen substitutes preferred by and increase the productivity of A. cerana. Basic ingredients of pollen substitutes (PS) were soy flour and skim milk. There were three types of pollen substitutes, i.e. PS A (contained basic ingredients, Debaryomyces hansenii CR133, honey); PS B (basic ingredients, sugar syrup); and PS C (basic ingredients, honey). The pollen substitutes were fed to colonies of A. cerana for 20 days, but they were allowed to forage on flowers. No PS was given to the control colonies.

The results showed that A. cerana preferred PSA and PS C to PS A. Increases of circumference and number of honeycombs were observed in colonies fed with all types of PSs (0,3--4,5 cm/day). There was an increase of the circumference of honeycombs in the control (0,2--0,5 cm/day), but there was no addition of new honeycomb. Generally, the weight of individual worker bees increased in colonies fed with PSs and control (5--56,94%)."