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"[ABSTRAKAnalisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan Akibat Pembuangan Limbah CairPembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi (PLTP) Ulumbu ke Sungai (Pada LapanganPanas Bumi Ulumbu, Kabupaten Manggarai, Nusa Tenggara Timur)Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi (PLTP) merupakan salah satu sumberenergi yang ramah lingkungan karena menghasilkan volume limbah yang rendah,salah satunya adalah limbah cair. Limbah cair panas bumi mengandung unsurkimia, salah satunya adalah Arsen. Limbah cair PLTP akan menimbulkan dampakapabila dibuang secara langsung ke sungai. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untukmengidentifikasi besarnya konsentrasi Arsen pada limbah PLTP dan air sungai dilokasi penelitian dan dampaknya terhadap konsentrasi Arsen di sungai serta dampakterhadap kesehatan lingkungan. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan hasil konsentrasiArsen pada limbah PLTP sebesar 0,0365 mg/l. Kandungan Arsen dalam limbahyang dibuang masih berada di bawah baku mutu, yaitu sebesar 0,5 mg/l.Pembuangan limbah cair PLTP ini juga tidak meningkatkan konsentrasi Arsen disungai. Konsentrasi Arsen pada air yang dikonsumsi masyarakat adalah 0,008 mg/l.Perhitungan risiko kesehatan masyarakat yang mengkonsumsi air sungaimenunjukkan tidak menimbulkan risiko kesehatan RQ < 1 (RQ = 0,6522).

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ABSTRACTGeothermal power plant is one of the green energy which produces low wastevolume, including wastewater. Geothermal wastewater contains Arsenic, adangerous chemical. It can generate impact when it is discharged to the rivernearby. The purpose of this research is to identify Arsenic concentration in thegeothermal wastewater and in the river on the research location. The result of thisresearch shows that geothermal wastewater Arsenic concentration is still below theregulation, that is 0,0365 mg/l. Its content in the discarded waterwaste is still belowthe quality standar, which is 0,5 mg/l. Geothermal wastewater discharge has noeffect to the Arsenic concentration in the river. Arsenic concentration in the riverthat people consume is 0,008 mg/l. Based on this concentration, health riskassessment ot the comunity who consume the water from the river shows noharmful potential to cause health problem as the RQ less than 1 (RQ = 0,6522).;Geothermal power plant is one of the green energy which produces low wastevolume, including wastewater. Geothermal wastewater contains Arsenic, adangerous chemical. It can generate impact when it is discharged to the rivernearby. The purpose of this research is to identify Arsenic concentration in thegeothermal wastewater and in the river on the research location. The result of thisresearch shows that geothermal wastewater Arsenic concentration is still below theregulation, that is 0,0365 mg/l. Its content in the discarded waterwaste is still belowthe quality standar, which is 0,5 mg/l. Geothermal wastewater discharge has noeffect to the Arsenic concentration in the river. Arsenic concentration in the riverthat people consume is 0,008 mg/l. Based on this concentration, health riskassessment ot the comunity who consume the water from the river shows noharmful potential to cause health problem as the RQ less than 1 (RQ = 0,6522).;Geothermal power plant is one of the green energy which produces low wastevolume, including wastewater. Geothermal wastewater contains Arsenic, adangerous chemical. It can generate impact when it is discharged to the rivernearby. The purpose of this research is to identify Arsenic concentration in thegeothermal wastewater and in the river on the research location. The result of thisresearch shows that geothermal wastewater Arsenic concentration is still below theregulation, that is 0,0365 mg/l. Its content in the discarded waterwaste is still belowthe quality standar, which is 0,5 mg/l. Geothermal wastewater discharge has noeffect to the Arsenic concentration in the river. Arsenic concentration in the riverthat people consume is 0,008 mg/l. Based on this concentration, health riskassessment ot the comunity who consume the water from the river shows noharmful potential to cause health problem as the RQ less than 1 (RQ = 0,6522).;Geothermal power plant is one of the green energy which produces low wastevolume, including wastewater. Geothermal wastewater contains Arsenic, adangerous chemical. It can generate impact when it is discharged to the rivernearby. The purpose of this research is to identify Arsenic concentration in thegeothermal wastewater and in the river on the research location. The result of thisresearch shows that geothermal wastewater Arsenic concentration is still below theregulation, that is 0,0365 mg/l. Its content in the discarded waterwaste is still belowthe quality standar, which is 0,5 mg/l. Geothermal wastewater discharge has noeffect to the Arsenic concentration in the river. Arsenic concentration in the riverthat people consume is 0,008 mg/l. Based on this concentration, health riskassessment ot the comunity who consume the water from the river shows noharmful potential to cause health problem as the RQ less than 1 (RQ = 0,6522).;Geothermal power plant is one of the green energy which produces low wastevolume, including wastewater. Geothermal wastewater contains Arsenic, adangerous chemical. It can generate impact when it is discharged to the rivernearby. The purpose of this research is to identify Arsenic concentration in thegeothermal wastewater and in the river on the research location. The result of thisresearch shows that geothermal wastewater Arsenic concentration is still below theregulation, that is 0,0365 mg/l. Its content in the discarded waterwaste is still belowthe quality standar, which is 0,5 mg/l. Geothermal wastewater discharge has noeffect to the Arsenic concentration in the river. Arsenic concentration in the riverthat people consume is 0,008 mg/l. Based on this concentration, health riskassessment ot the comunity who consume the water from the river shows noharmful potential to cause health problem as the RQ less than 1 (RQ = 0,6522).;Geothermal power plant is one of the green energy which produces low wastevolume, including wastewater. Geothermal wastewater contains Arsenic, adangerous chemical. It can generate impact when it is discharged to the rivernearby. The purpose of this research is to identify Arsenic concentration in thegeothermal wastewater and in the river on the research location. The result of thisresearch shows that geothermal wastewater Arsenic concentration is still below theregulation, that is 0,0365 mg/l. Its content in the discarded waterwaste is still belowthe quality standar, which is 0,5 mg/l. Geothermal wastewater discharge has noeffect to the Arsenic concentration in the river. Arsenic concentration in the riverthat people consume is 0,008 mg/l. Based on this concentration, health riskassessment ot the comunity who consume the water from the river shows noharmful potential to cause health problem as the RQ less than 1 (RQ = 0,6522).;Geothermal power plant is one of the green energy which produces low wastevolume, including wastewater. Geothermal wastewater contains Arsenic, adangerous chemical. It can generate impact when it is discharged to the rivernearby. The purpose of this research is to identify Arsenic concentration in thegeothermal wastewater and in the river on the research location. The result of thisresearch shows that geothermal wastewater Arsenic concentration is still below theregulation, that is 0,0365 mg/l. Its content in the discarded waterwaste is still belowthe quality standar, which is 0,5 mg/l. Geothermal wastewater discharge has noeffect to the Arsenic concentration in the river. Arsenic concentration in the riverthat people consume is 0,008 mg/l. Based on this concentration, health riskassessment ot the comunity who consume the water from the river shows noharmful potential to cause health problem as the RQ less than 1 (RQ = 0,6522)., Geothermal power plant is one of the green energy which produces low wastevolume, including wastewater. Geothermal wastewater contains Arsenic, adangerous chemical. It can generate impact when it is discharged to the rivernearby. The purpose of this research is to identify Arsenic concentration in thegeothermal wastewater and in the river on the research location. The result of thisresearch shows that geothermal wastewater Arsenic concentration is still below theregulation, that is 0,0365 mg/l. Its content in the discarded waterwaste is still belowthe quality standar, which is 0,5 mg/l. Geothermal wastewater discharge has noeffect to the Arsenic concentration in the river. Arsenic concentration in the riverthat people consume is 0,008 mg/l. Based on this concentration, health riskassessment ot the comunity who consume the water from the river shows noharmful potential to cause health problem as the RQ less than 1 (RQ = 0,6522).]"

"Risiko kesehatan di tempat kerja adalah permasalahan yang harus diminimalisasi agar para pekerja tetap sehat dan selamat. Penelitian yang dilakukan di Area Gas Plant dan Power Plant PT.X menunjukkan bahwa dua area pendukung eksplorasi minyak dan gas bumi PT.X ini masih banyak bahaya kesehatan yang belum teridentifikasi sehingga belum dilakukan pengendaliannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai dan tingkat risiko Area Gas Plant dan Power Plant PT.X sehingga dapat diberikan rekomendasi pengendalian bahaya kesehatan yang sesuai untuk meminimalisasi risiko yang ada, berdasarkan penilaian risiko kesehatan dan analisis sumber daya. Desain studi yang digunakan adalah desktiptif analitik dengan pendekatan observasional yang mengacu pada standar AS/NZS 4360:2004 dan perhitungan nilai risiko berdasarkan metode semikuantitatif ICMM (2011). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat berbagai bahaya kesehatan yang mendapatkan prioritas tinggi pengendalian yaitu bahaya bising, bahan kimia silika, dan bahan kimia amina di dua area tersebut.

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Health risks in the workplace are the problem that must be minimized in order to keep workers healthy and safe. Research conducted in Gas Plant and Power Plant Area shows that the two areas of PT.X, which to support oil and gas exploration, still have many health hazards that have not been identified so that control is not performed. This study aims to determine the level of risk and the value of Gas Plant and Power Plant Area of PT.X so it can be given appropriate health hazard control recommendations to minimize risks, based on the health risk assessment and analysis of resources. Study design used is descriptive analytical observational approach which refers to standard AS/NZS 4360:2004 and calculation of risk based on a semiquantitative method of ICMM (2011). The results of this study indicate that there are a variety of health hazards whose priority is high, that is, noise hazards, silica chemicals, and chemicals amine in both areas."

"Tesis ini membahas mengenai penilaian risiko kesehatan berdasarkan task analysis pada aktivitas well services industri pengeboran minyak bumi di PT X Tahun 2019. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian semikuantitatif dengan desain deskriptif berdasarkan HRA model PT Pertamina (2018) berdasarkan factor tingkat pajanan dan tingkat. Langkah awal yang dilakukan adalah dengan mengidentifikasi aktivitas well services berdasarkan task yang ada pada SOP dan JSA, walkthrough survey dan menilai risiko. Berdasarkan penilaian risiko kesehatan didapatkan tingkat risiko tinggi (high) untuk bahaya bising terhadap SEG floorman, driller, derrickman, dan mechanic dan bahaya ergonomi terhadap SEG floorman, driller, derrickman, dan operator dozer. PT AB dan PT CD perlu melakukan pengendalian tambahan terhadap bahaya bising dan bahaya ergonomi antara lain: Hearing Loss Prevention Program (HLPP), audit terhadap SOP & peralatan, melakukan pengukuran dosis personal bahaya bising, pembatasan jam kerja, pengukuran audiometri, melakukan supervisi dilapangan terhadap pengunaan earplug, pengunaan double earplug & earmuff, melakukan sosialisasi bahaya bising secara konsisten, menyediakan perancah (scafolding) pada aktivitas nipple up & nipple down horse head, melakukan pelatihan posisi tubuh yang ergonomi serta menambahkan Ergonomic Postur Assessment sebagai salah satu item dalam pemeriksaan kesehatan berkala. Bahaya gas H2S terhadap SEG floorman, driller dan derrickman dan bahaya gas CO terhadap SEG mechanic mendapatkan tingkat risiko medium, sehingga perlu dilakukan pemantauan implementasi pengendalian yang sudah ada serta pengendalian tambahan secara konsisten. Selanjutnya bahaya getaran mendapatkan tingkat risiko low terhadap SEG mechanic dan bahaya gas O2 terhadap SEG floorman, driller, derrickman, mechanic dan operator Dozer mendapatkan tingkat risiko very low, oleh karena itu PT AB dan PT CD melalui HES departemen perlu melakukan monitoring secara berkala dan konsisten terhadap impelementasi pengendalian yang sudah ada. Selain itu hasil penelitian ini juga menyarankan bahwa identifikasi potensi bahaya lainnya seperti pencahayan, radiasi gamma, heat stress, welding fume, bahaya biologi dan bahaya psikososial pada pekerjaan well services berdasarkan task analysis.

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This thesis discusses the health risk assessment based on task analysis on the well services activities of the petroleum drilling industry at PT X 2019. This research is a semiquantitative study with a descriptive design based on the HRA model of PT Pertamina (2018) bases factor exposure level and hazard level. The first step is to identify performed the task well services based on SOP and JSA, walkthrough survey and risk assessment. Based on the health risk assessment, there is a high risk level for noise hazards to similar exposure group (SEG) floorman, driller, derrickman, and mechanic and ergonomic hazards to floorman, driller, derrickman, and dozer operators. PT AB and PT CD need to conduct additional controls for noise hazards and ergonomic hazards, including: Hearing Loss Prevention Program, auditing SOPs & equipment, measuring personal dose of noise hazards, limiting working hours, audiometric measurements, conducting field supervision of the use of earplugs, using double earplugs and earmuffs, disseminating noise hazards consistently, providing scaffolding for Nipple Up and Nipple Down Horse Head activities, conducting ergonomic body position training, and adding Ergonomic Posture Assessment as an item in periodic health checks. The hazard of H2S gas to the SEG floorman, driller and derrickman and the danger of CO gas to the SEG mechanic has a medium level of risk, it is necessary to monitor the implementation of existing controls as well as additional controls consistently. Furthermore, the vibration hazard gets a low risk level for the SEG mechanic and the danger of O2 gas against the SEG floorman, driller, derrickman, mechanic and Dozer operators get a very low risk level, therefore PT AB and PT CD through the HES department need to monitor regularly and consistently the implementation of existing controls. In addition, the results of this study also suggest that the identification of other potential hazards such as lighting, gamma radiation, heat stress, welding fume, biological hazards and psychosocial hazards in well-service work based on task analysis."

"Bahan kimia meliputi bermacam – macam bahan organik dan non organik yang dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan dalam waktu pendek maupun panjang. Salah satu bidang pekerjaan yang industri yang menggunakan bahan kimia dalam operasionalnya adalah laboratorium. Semakin meningkatnya jumlah sampel uji akan meningkatkan pajanan pajanan bahan kimia yang akan berdampak pada kesehatan pekerja. Tujuan dari penilitian ini adalah melakukan penilaian risiko kesehatan bahan kimia pada pajanan inhalasi dan dermal di Laboratorium Petroleum X Jakarta Timur tahun 2023. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan April hingga Juni 2023 dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif mengacu pada Manual of Recommended Practice on the Assessment of The Health Risks Arising from the Use of Chemicals Hazardous to Health at the Workplace 3rd Edition dari Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Human Resources, Malaysia. Hasil penilaian risiko kesehatan rute pajanan inhalasi untuk bahan kimia dari seluruh tahap pengujian bervariasi dari rendah, sedang dan tinggi. Namun di dominasi oleh risiko sedang. Sementara, hasil penilaian risiko kesehatan rute pajanan dermal untuk seluruh bahan kimia dari seluruh tahap pengujian didominasi dengan risiko tinggi. Perlu dilakukannya pemantauan terhadap pengendalian yangs udah ada dan pengendalian tambahan berdasarkan hierarki pengendalian untuk bahan kimia dengan risiko tinggi dan kecukupan pengendalian yang belum memadai

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Chemicals are a wide range of organic and inorganic compounds that might have a short or long term impact on health. The laboratory is an industrial work sector that utilises chemicals in its activities. The increased quantity of test samples will increase workers' exposure to chemical compounds, which will have an effect on their health. The goal of this research was to assess the health hazards of chemicals through inhalation and skin exposure at the X Petroleum Laboratory East Jakarta in 2023. This study was carried out from April to June 2023 utilizing a qualitative method using the Manual of Recommended Practice on the Assessment of Health Risks Arising from the Use of Hazardous to Health Chemicals in the Workplace, 3rdEdition from Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Human Resources, Malaysia. The health risk assessment scores for compounds via the inhalation route ranged from low to high across all levels of testing. However, Mod risk dominates. Meanwhile, high hazards dominated the results of the dermal exposure route health risk assessment for all compounds from all phases of testing. For high-risk chemicals and insufficient control adequacy, it is required to monitor current controls and implement new controls based on the control hierarchy."

"Environmental risk analysis is complex and interdisciplinary; this book explains the fundamental concepts and analytical methods in each essential discipline."

"Proses peleburan merupakan proses pencairan dan pematangan logam di dalam tungku dengan suhu mencapai lebih dari 1600oC untuk menghasilkan logam cair yang akan dicetak menjadi sebuah komponen penyusun alat berat. Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk menilai risiko kesehatan kerja pada proses peleburan di pabrik pengecoran perusahaan alat berat. Penelitian menggunakan desain sequential explanatory dengan menggabungkan metode kuantitatif untuk melakukan penilaian risiko berdasarkan metode penilaian semi-kuantitatif W.T. Fine dan metode kualitatif untuk menginterpretasikan penilaian risiko. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara informan, dan telaah data perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya 87 risiko dari 7 tahapan proses kerja. Setelah diberikan rekomendasi pengendalian lanjutan, penilain risiko prediktif pada kategori substantial, priority II, dan acceptable masing-masing sebanyak 45, 24, dan 18 risiko. Bahaya dengan tingkat risiko prediktif kategori substantial adalah bising, asap logam, dan debu logam, sehingga masih dibutuhkan perhatian lebih. Penyebab tingginya tingkat risiko pada bahaya kebisingan, asap logam, dan debu logam dianalisis pada penelitian ini.

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Melting process of metals in the furnace is carried out at temperature exceeding 1600^oC to produce molten metal that will be molded into components for heavy equipment. This thesis aims to assess occupational health risks in the melting process at heavy equipment manufacturer’s foundry plant. The research uses a sequential explanatory design, combining quantitative methods to conduct risk assessments based on the W.T. Fine semi-quantitative assessment method, and qualitative methods to interpret the risk assessments. Data collection was conducted through observation, informant interviews, and company data review. The research findings indicate the presence of 87 risks from 7 stages of the work process. After the implementation of further risk control recommendations, the predictive risk assessment in the substantial, priority II, and acceptable categories amounted to 45, 24, and 18 risks respectively. Hazards with substantial predictive risk levels include noise, metal fume, and metal dust, requiring further attention. The causes of the high level of risk in noise, metal fume, and metal dust hazards were analyzed in this study."

"Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui gambaran risiko kesehatan dan tingkat risiko kesehatan pada area workshop dan warehouse PPI Cakung PT United Tractors Tbk. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan metode semi-kuantitatif. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat bahaya fisika berupa kebisingan, getaran, pencahayaan, iklim kerja, dan radiasi ultraungu dan bahaya kimia berupa oli, solar, thinner, debu, cooler, benzene, toluene, xylene, dan fume dari hasil pengelasan. Tingkat risiko residu berkisar pada kategori low (rendah) hingga medium (sedang). Pengendalian sudah diterapkan untuk banyak risiko dan terdapat penerapan pengendalian yang efektif menurunkan tingkat risiko medium menjadi low. Meski demikian, masih perlu dilakukan identifikasi bahaya dan risiko secara komprehensif yang meliputi observasi dan wawancara karena masih terdapat bahaya yang tingkat risikonya belum diketahui dan agar sesuai dengan kondisi di lapangan.

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This research is a descriptive study conducted to describe health risks and health risk levels in the PPI Cakung workshop and warehouse area of PT United Tractors Tbk. The research design used is descriptive with a semi-quantitative method. The data used is secondary data obtained from the company. The results showed that there were physical hazards such as noise, vibration, lighting, extreme temperature, and ultraviolet radiation and chemical hazards such as oil, diesel, thinner, dust, cooler, benzene, toluene, xylene, and fumes from welding activity. Residual risk levels range from low to medium. Controls have been implemented for many risks and there are effective controls implemented to reduce the medium risk level to low. However, it is still necessary to carry out a comprehensive hazard and risk identification which includes observation and interviews because there are still hazards whose level of risk is unknown and to suit conditions in the field."

"Menilai risiko pajanan partikulat PM2.5 dilakukan pada pekerja di industri pengolahan batu kapur di Kecamatan Ciampea, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperkirakan besar risiko pajanan yang diterima oleh pekerja. Konsentrasi PM2.5 diukur secara langsung pada 12 titik tungku pembakaran di area pembakran dan data pola aktifitas pekerja dikumpulkan dengan kuesioner pada 50 pekerja. Konsentrasi PM2.5 tertinggi tercatat sebesar 1,141 mg/m3 dan terendah 0,065 mg/m3 dari 12 titik lokasi pembakaran. Perhitungan risiko memperlihatkan adanya kelompok berisiko pada kelompok pekerja di area tungku 1-7 (RQ > 1) sedangkan kelompok tidak berisiko lebih dominan pada area tungku 8-12 (RQ < 1). Meskipun konsentrasi PM2.5 masih dibawah nilai NAB Permenakertrans, lamanya aktifitas kerja meningkatkan risiko pada pekerja. Adanya perbedaan risiko disebabkan karena adanya perbedaan jenis bahan bakar yang digunakan pada setiap tungku. Minimalisasi risiko dilakukan dengan mengurangi waktu kontak dengan pemajan bisa dilakukan dengan menggunakan pengendalian administratif dengan cara mengatur lama pekerja per hari (tE) dan per minggu (fE).

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Risk analysis of exposure to particulate matter PM2.5 was conducted on a group of workers at a limestone processing industry in the Ciampea District, West Java. This research was aimed to estimate the risk of PM2.5 exposure received by workers. PM2.5 was measured directly on 12 furnace burning point. Meanwhile workers activity pattern was collected using questionnaire to 50 workers. Highest concentration of PM2.5 was recorded at 1,141 mg/m3 and 0,065 lowest among 12 monitoring points. Risk calculation showed that there was risk group in furnace burning point 1-7 (RQ > 1), while the no-risk group was more dominant in the furnace burning point 8-12 (RQ <1). Although recorded PM2.5 concentration was lower than Permenakertrans threshold limit value, duration of working will increase the risk to workers health. Difference of risk value between each furnace area is caused kind of fuel used and type of fuel. Minimization of risk can be conducted by decreasing time of contact, administrative control by setting time of working per day or per week."

"Risiko terkait keselamatan dan kesehatan tidak hanya mengancam siswa, melainkan dapat terjadi pada karyawan sekolah. Penilaian yang salah tentang risiko akan menyebabkan pengambilan keputusan yang tidak sesuai dan memicu tindakan tidak aman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menilai persepsi karyawan sekolah dasar di Kecamatan Beji Depok terhadap risiko keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja berdasarkan paradigma psikometrik. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif berdesain cross sectional dengan jumlah responden yang terlibat sebanyak 199 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan paradigma voluntarines, risiko yang tidak bisa diterima secara sukarela adalah adanya tindak kekerasan dari murid ataupun orang tua. Berdasarkan paradigma immediacy effect, risiko yang memiliki efek segera adalah risiko terpeleset. Berdasarkan paradigma knowledge in experience, risiko yang sering dialami adalah kelelahan mata. Berdasarkan paradigma knowledge in science, risiko yang belum diketahui secara ilmu pengetahuan adalah terkena bahan berbahaya. Berdasarkan paradigma controllability, risiko yang tidak bisa dikendalikan adalah bencana alam. Berdasarkan paradigma newness, risiko yang baru diketahui adalah terkena bahan berbahaya. Berdasarkan paradigma chronic/catastrophic, risiko yang memiliki efek katastropik adalah bencana alam. Berdasarkan paradigma common/dread, risiko yang jarang terjadi dan membuat takut adalah bencana alam. Terakhir berdasarkan paradigma severity of consequence, risiko yang memiliki efek fatal adalah kebakaran dan bencana alam. Maka dari itu, perlu diadakan pelatihan khususnya terkait bencana alam untuk menambah pengetahuan karyawan sekolah.

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Safety and health risks are not only threatening to students, but can occur in school employees. A false assessment of risk leads to inappropriate decision making and unsafe act or human error. The purpose of this study was to assess risk perception of occupational safety and health on primary school employees in Beji Depok sub district based on psychometric paradigm. The design of this study used a descriptive quantitative method with a cross sectional approach and the number of respondents involved as many as 199 people. The results of this study show that based on the voluntarines paradigm, the risk that can not be accepted voluntarily is the presence of violence from students or parents. Based on the immediacy effect paradigm, the risk that has an immediate effect is the risk of slipping.

Based on the paradigm of knowledge in experience, the risk is often experienced eye fatigue. Based on the knowledge in science paradigm, the risks not yet known in science are exposed to hazardous materials. Based on the controllability paradigm, the uncontrollable risk is a natural disaster. Based on the newness paradigm, the newly discovered risk is exposed to hazardous materials. Based on the chronic catastrophic paradigm, the risk of having a catastrophic effect is a natural disaster. Based on the common dread paradigm, the risks that are rare and frightening are natural disasters. Last based on the severity of consequence paradigm, the risks that have a fatal effect are fires and natural disasters. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct training especially related to natural disasters to increase knowledge of school employees. "

"Penilaian risiko kesehatan di bengkel alat berat adalah langkah penting untuk mengidentifikasi, mengevaluasi, dan mengendalikan bahaya yang dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan pekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis risiko kesehatan yang timbul dari berbagai faktor lingkungan kerja, termasuk kebisingan, getaran, radiasi pengelasan, paparan panas, dan ergonomi. Penelitian ini menggunakan sequential explanatory mix-method research design yang dilakukan dengan menilai risiko secara kuantitatif dan menginterpretasi data secara kualitatif. Penelitian ini mengacu pada pedoman manajemen risiko dari AS/NZS 4360:2004 dan menggunakan metode semi kuantitatif dari W.T. Fine. Pengumpulan data primer menggunakan walk-through survey, observasi, dan wawancara, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari penelusuran pada dokumen perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 64 penilaian risiko dari hasil identifikasi bahaya di bengkel alat berat PT X. Pada penilaian basic risk terdapat 14 risiko kategori high (22%), kemudian turun menjadi kategori priority 2 pada penilaian existing risk setelah diketahui pengendalian yang telah dilakukan. Tiga bahaya yang memiliki risiko tertinggi yaitu kebisingan, asap pengelasan, dan bahaya angkat angkut (manual handling). Dalam penelitian ini diberikan rekomendasi pengendalian hingga bahaya dapat diperkirakan turun menjadi kategori acceptable pada penilaian predictive risk.

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Occupational health risk assessment at a heavy equipment workshop is a crucial step in identifying, evaluating, and controlling hazards that can impact workers' health. This study aims to analyze the health risks arising from various workplace environmental factors, including noise, vibration, welding fumes, heat exposure, and ergonomics. The research employs a sequential explanatory mixed-method research design, which involves quantitative risk assessment and qualitative data interpretation. The study follows the risk management guidelines of AS/NZS 4360:2004 and utilizes the semi-quantitative method of W.T. Fine. Primary data were collected through walk-through surveys, observations, and interviews, while secondary data were obtained from company documents.The results indicate that 64 risk assessments were conducted following hazard identification at the heavy equipment workshop of PT X. The basic risk assessment revealed 14 high-category risks (22%), which were subsequently reduced to priority 2 category in the existing risk assessment after accounting for current control measures. The three highest risks identified were noise, welding fumes, and manual handling. This study provides control recommendations to reduce these hazards to an acceptable category in the predictive risk assessment."