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"Pendahuluan: Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui peran senyawa flavonoid mangiferin dalam meningkatkan ekspresi mRNA HIF-1α dan sebagai pencekal besi dalam menstabilkan HIF-1α pada lini sel HepG2 dan menganalisis interaksi mangiferin dengan prolil hidroksilase (PHD2) secara simulasi docking.Metode: Sel HepG2 dikultur hingga >80% konfluen dan selanjutnya diberikan mangiferin konsentrasi 25-200μM. Kuersetin digunakan sebagai pembanding flavonoid mangiferin yang bekerja di dalam inti sel, sedangkan DFO dan CuCl2 digunakan sebagai pembanding daya ikat terhadap besi. Ekspresi mRNA HIF-1α ditentukan dengan real time RT- PCR/q-PCR, dan stabilisasi protein HIF-1α ditentukan mengunakan teknik ELISA. Simulasi docking dilakukan terhadap protein PHD2 dengan mangiferin, CuCl2, deferoksamin (DFO), dan campuran mangiferin+ kuersetin.Hasil: Uji viabilitas sel menggunakan metode MTS dengan pemberian mangiferin, kuersetin, campuran mangiferin-kuersetin, DFO dan CuCl2 (25-200μM) memperlihatkan hasil diatas 85%. Ekspresi mRNA HIF-1α dengan mangiferin, kuersetin, mangiferin+kuersetin, dan DFO menunjukkan hasil sedikit lebih tinggi dibanding kontrol. Konsentrasi protein HIF-1α pada pemberian mangiferin, kuersetin, mangiferin-kuersetin, DFO dan CuCl2 lebih tinggi dibanding kontrol. Simulasi docking mangiferin terhadap PHD2 memperlihatkan ΔG= -16,22, dan DFO menunjukkan ΔG= -17,15. Terdapat interaksi antara mangiferin, dan DFO dengan besi dan asam amino pada situs katalitik domain PHD2, sedangkan CuCl2 tidak berinteraksi dengan residu asam amino pada domain PHD2, tetapi langsung menggantikan Fe. Efek penghambatan terhadap PHD2 oleh mangiferin dan kuersetin disebabkan oleh delokalisasi elektron melalui kompleks transfer elektron.Kesimpulan: Mangiferin dapat meningkatkan ekspresi mRNA HIF-1α dan meningkatkan protein HIF-1α, menurun protein PHD2 dan menurunkan protein HO-HIF-1α pada lini sel HepG2 secara in vitro. Analisis docking terdapat interaksi antara mangiferin, dan DFO dengan besi dan asam amino PHD2. Mangiferin memiliki stabilitas pengkikatan dengan besi yang berdekatan dengan DFO.

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Introduction: This research was conducted to determine the role of flavanoid mangiferin to increase expression HIF-1α mRNA, and as an iron chelator to stabilize protein HIF-1α in cell line HepG2 and analyzes the interaction of mangiferin with prolil hidroksilase (PHD2) by docking simulation.

Methods: HepG2 cells were cultured and treated by mangiferin with concentration between 25-200μM. Quercetin is used as a comparison mangiferin flavonoid that works in the nucleus and DFO, CuCl2 is used as a comparison to iron-binding. HIF- 1α mRNA expression was determined by real time RT-PCR/q-PCR, and the stability HIF-1α protein were measured by the increase in HIF-1α protein, decreased PHD2 protein and decreased HO-HIF-1α using ELISA. Docking simulation was conducted between PHD2 protein and mangiferin, CuCl2, desferoxamine (DFO), and quercetin.

Results: Cell viability with MTS assay showed that cell exposure with 25μM-200μM concentrations of mangiferin, quercetin, mangiferin+quercetin mixture, DFO, and CuCl2 is above 85%. HIF-1α mRNA expression was slightly higher than in controls with mangiferin, quercetin, mangiferin quercetin mixture and DFO. HIF-1α protein concentration and ratios vs untreated controls were above 1 with mangiferin, quercetin, mangiferin quercetin mixture, DFO, and CuCl2. Docking simulation mangiferin with PHD2 showed ΔG= -16,22. Docking simulation with DFO showed ΔG= -17,15, and interact mangiferin, and DFO with iron in the catalytic site of PHD2 and with amino acid residues, whereas CuCl2 does not react with amino acid residues in the PHD2 domain, but directly replaces Fe. The inhibitory effect to PHD2 by mangiferin and quercetin is considered by electron delocalisation through an electron transfer complex.

Conclusion: Mangiferin can increase HIF-1α mRNA expression and HIF-1α protein levels in HepG2 cell line by in vitro. Binding interaction with iron and PHD2 amino acids occurs by mangiferin and DFO. Mangiferin has stability iron binding a similar with DFO."

"Keadaan hipoksia dapat membuat sel melakukan adaptasi melalui ekspresi berbagai macam gen. Banyak gen tersebut adalah gen yang diinduksi oleh suatu faktor transkripsi yang disebut HIF-I HlF-la adalah subunit yang diregulasi oleh kadar oksigen untuk aktifitas faktor transkripsi tersebut.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pola mRNA HIF 1u dan ekspresi protein HIF-ln pada organ ginjal dari tikus yang mengalami kondisi hipoksia secara sistemik yang terbagi menjadi 5 kelompok berdasarkan lamanya perlakuan (kelompok kontrol, hipoksia 13, 7 dan 14 hari masing-masing 6 ekor tikus) menggunakan Hypoxic Chamber dengan kadar 02 8% dan Nitrogen 92%. Pola mRNA HIF-la dilihat berdasarkan basil RT-PCR dengan membandingksn rasio kelompok nonnoksia dan kelompok hipoksia. Ekspresi protein HIF-1a dilakukan dengan metode Western Blot dengan menggunakan anti HIF-la sebagai antibodi primer.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat penurunan ekspresi mRNA HIF-la dibandingkan kontrol pada kelompok hipoksia 1 hari dan diikuti peningkatan pada kelompok hipoksia 3 hari dan mulai mengalami penurunan kembali pada kelompok 7 hari. Sementara protein HIF-la. memperlihatkan terdapatnya peningkatan ekspresi protein HIF-la yang mulai mengalami penurunan pada kelompok hipoksia 14 hari. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa regulasi H1F-1a terjadi pada tahap transkripsi dan tahap pasca translasi.

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Hypoxia could make cell to adapt trough gene expression. Many of these gene induced by the transcription factor called HIP-1. HIF-I tz is the subunit which regulated by oxygen level to activated the transcription factor.

The aim of this study is to know the pattern of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-Ia (HIP-la) mRNA and HIF-Ia protein Expression of Renal Rat in Systemic Chronic Hypoxia which divided to 5 groups based on the duration of hypoxia (control, I, 3, 7, and I4 days of hypoxia with 6 rats each group ) using hypoxia chamber with 8% oxigen and 92% Nitrogen. The pattern was measure with RT-PCR which combine the ratio of control group and the hypoxic group. The protein expression measure with Western Blot method using anti HIF-l a as 1? antibody.

The result shows that HIP-lo. mRNA expression decrease in 1" day of hypoxia, elevated and reach a peak at 3 days of hypoxia and start to decrease since then. While the HIP-lo. protein shows an increase expression until I4 days of hypoxia which start to decrease. It can be concluded that HIF-la regulation occurs in transcription level and post translation."

"Latar belakang : Hipoksia merupakan bahaya potensial dalam penerbangan. Waktu sadar efektif (WSE) merupakan waktu ketika seorang penerbang atau awak pesawat mulai terpajan hipoksia sampai sebelum mengalami inkapasitansi. Selama rentang waktu tersebut seorang penerbang dapat membuat keputusan atau tindakan yang tepat. Hemoglobin sangat berpengaruh terhadap saturasi O2 yang menentukan oksigenasi jaringan tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi WSE yaitu pada calon dan awak pesawat militer di Indonesia. Metode: Desain penelitian dengan potong lintang, pengambilan sampel secara purposif. Data diambil dari hasil pelaksanaan Indoktrinasi Latihan Aerofisiologi (ILA) di Lakespra Saryanto selama Januari-Mei 2014. Subyek penelitian adalah calon dan awak pesawat militer. Lama WSE diperoleh dengan demonstrasi hipoksia dalam ruang udara bertekanan rendah (RUBR) pada simulasi ketinggian 25000 kaki. Nilai kesamaptaan jasmani ditentukan dengan VO2maks. Analisis regresi linier digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko WSE. Hasil: Calon dan awak pesawat militer yang melaksanakan ILA sebanyak 183 orang. Duapuluh lima subyek dikeluarkan karena tidak melaksanakan demonstrasi hipoksia di RUBR atau uji latih jantung, 158 subyek memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Faktor dominan yang memperpanjang WSE adalah Hb, sedangkan yang mempersingkat adalah IMT dan umur. Setiap 1 g/dL Hb menambah WSE 14,7 detik [koefisien regresi (β) = 14,677 ; p = 0,010]. Simpulan: Kenaikan IMT 1 kg/m2 mengurangi WSE 3,3 detik [β = -3,274; 95% interval kepercayaan (CI) = -8,287;1,738 ; p = 0,199]. Penambahan umur 1 tahun mengurangi WSE 3,9 detik (β = -3,917; p = 0,000).

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Background: Hypoxia is potential hazard in aviation. Time of useful consciousness (TUC) is time during when a pilot or aircrew exposed hypoxia before experiencing incapacitation. During the span of time, a pilot can make the right decision or action. Haemoglobin (Hb) influences the oxygen saturation that determines oxygenation of the body tissue. This study aims to identify the factors affect WSE on candidates and military aircrew in Indonesia.

Methods: Study designed was cross sectional with purposive sampling. Data taken from the result of Indoktrinasi Latihan Aerofisiologi (ILA) in Lakespra Saryanto Jakarta during January to May 2014. Research subjects were candidates and military aircrews. Time of useful consciousness was obtained from hypoxia demonstration in hypobaric Chambers at 25000 feet altitude simulation. The value of physical fitness was determined by VO2max. Linear regression analysis was used to identify risk factors of TUC.

Results: Candidates and military aircrew carried out the ILA were 183 persons. Twenty-five subjects were excluded because of not carried out hypoxia demonstration in hypobaric chamber or treadmill test. The dominant factors that extend TUC were Hb. while shortening were BMI and age. Each 1 g/dL Hb extend TUC 14.7 seconds [regression coefficient (β) = 14.677 ; p = 0.010]. Increasing BMI of 1 kg/m2 shorten TUC 3.3 seconds [(β) = -3.274; 95% confidence interval (CI) = -8.287;1.738 ; p = 0.199]. Addition of age 1 year shorten TUC 3.3 seconds (β= -3.917 ; p = 0.000).

Conclusion: Increasing Hb extends TUC, while gain BMI and addition age shorten TUC."

"Pendahuluan: Hipoksia plasenta pada bayi prematur menyebabkan stres oksidatif yang merusak protein penaut endotel kapiler plasenta. Kerusakan pada kapiler plasenta diharapkan dapat menggambarkan perubahan permeabiltas kapiler otak yang menyebabkan perdarahan intraventrikel.Metode: Penelitian observasional potong lintang terhadap 58 sampel plasenta bayi prematur. Hipoksia dinilai dari saturasi vena umbilikal, respon jaringan terhadap hipoksia dari kadar HIF-1α, stres oksidatif dari kadar malondialdehid (MDA) dan glutation (GSH). Integritas lapisan endotel dinilai dengan histomorfologi, ekspresi protein N-kaderin dan okludin dengan imunohistokimia, Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) sebagai petanda kerusakan perivaskular astrosit dan perdarahan intraventrikel dinilai dengan ultrasonografi kepala.Hasil: Kadar HIF-1α lebih tinggi tidak bermakna pada kelompok hipoksia dibandingkan kelompok non hipoksia (uji t tidak berpasangan, p = 0,122); Kadar MDA jaringan plasenta lebih tinggi tidak bermakna sedangkan GSH lebih rendah tidak bermakna (Mann Whitney, p = 0,414 dan p = 0,810). Gambaran histomorfologi lebih tidak utuh tidak bermakna (Chi-square, p = 0,066), sedangkan ekspresi N-kaderin dan okludin lebih rendah bermakna (Chi-square, p = 0,001). Kadar GFAP serum lebih tinggi bermakna (Mann Whitney, p = 0,05). Korelasi tidak bermakna antara ekspresi N-kaderin dan okludin dengan perdarahan intraventrikel (Spearman?s rho, p = 0,869 dan p = 0,341).Kesimpulan: Hipoksia pada plasenta menyebabkan perubahan ekspresi protein penaut endotel kapiler plasenta, secara molekuler sudah menyebabkan perubahan permeabilitas lapisan endotel kapiler plasenta tetapi secara struktural belum. Perubahan ekspresi protein penaut endotel kapiler plasenta tidak berhubungan dengan perdarahan intraventrikel.

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Introduction: Plasental hypoxia in premature infants causes oxidative stress which inflicts damage to endothelial protein junction of placental capillary. It is expected that damaged of placental capillary can demonstate permeability changes in brain capillary that can cause intraventricular hemorrage.

Method:.a cross sectional observational study conducted on 58 placenta of premature infants. Hypoxia is determined by umbilical venous saturation. Tissue response to hypoxia determined by the level of HIF-1α, stress oxidative by the level of malondialdehide (MDA) and glutation (GSH). Endothelial layer integtrity by histomorfologi overview, N-cadherine and occludin by immunohistochemistry. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as perivascular astrocyte disruption marker and intraventricular hemorrhage carried by head ultrasound.

Result: The levels of HIF-1α was not significantly higher in hypoxia group compared to non hypoxia group (unpaired t test, p = 0,122); The level of placental MDA was not significantly hingher while GSH was not significantly lower (Mann Whitney, p = 0,414 and p = 0,810). Histomorpological overview was not significantly not intact (Chi-square, p = 0,066), while the expression of N-cadherine and occludin were significantly lower (Chi-square = 0,001). There was not significant correlation between protein junction expression with intravenrticular hemorrhage (Spearman?s rho, p = 0,869 and p = 0,341).

Conclution: Hypoxia causes lower expression of N-cadherin and occludin, moleculary it cause placental endothelial capillary permeability but structurally it does not. Protein expression changes does not correlate with intraventricular hemorrhage."

"Pendahuluan: Malnutrisi dan hipoksia merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi kegagalan terapi pada KNF stadium lokal lanjut. Kadar albumin merupakan salah satu pemeriksaan status nutrisi. Hipoksia menyebabkan radioresistensi terhadap radiasi.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui korelasi antara kadar albumin praradiasi, hipoksia terhadap respon radiasi. Metode penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan studi kohort retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder terhadap 40 pasien kanker nasofaring stadium lokal lanjut yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi di Departemen Radioterapi dan Departemen Patologi Anatomi RSUP Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo dari Desember 2012 sampai Agustus 2013. Dilakukan pencatatan kadar albumin praradiasi, berat badan serta CT scan sebelum dan sesudah radiasi. Kemudian dilakukan analisa HIF1α dengan pulasan imunohistokimia. Sel yang positif hipoksia dihitung per 10 lapang pandang besar. Setelah itu, dilakukan penilaian respon radiasi berdasarkan kriteria Recist. Hasil: Rerata kadar albumin praradiasi sebesar 3,9 +/- 0,5 g/dL, dan median persentase hipoksia sel yaitu 24,7(1-100)%. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar albumin praradiasi terhadap respon radiasi (p≥0,05). Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna anatara hipoksia terhadap respon radiasi (p<0,05). Korelasi antara kadar albumin praradiasi dan hipoksia menunujukkan korelasi yang lemah dan tidak bermakna (r=-0,24, p=0,324). Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa albumin praradiasi tidak berhubungan dengan respon radiasi pada KNF stadium lokal lanjut. Terbukti bahwa hipoksia meningkatkan radioresistensi dan menurunkan respon radiasi. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara albumin praradiasi dan hipoksia.

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Introduction: Malnutrion and hypoxia had been shown to cause irradiation failure. Albumin is one of the nutritional status examination. Hypoxia caused radioresistance to irradiation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation of albumin, hypoxia towards radiation response in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study using secondary data from Departement of Radiotheraphy and Departement of Pathology Cipto Mangunkusomo hospital of 40 patients locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer who meet the inclusion criteria from December 2012 to August 2013. Albumin preirradiation, body weight and CT scan before and after radiation were recorded. We examined the expression of HIF1 α by immunohistochemistry staining. Hypoxia cell was asessed by cell counting. Radiation response was determined by Recist criteria.

Results: The mean of serum albumin is 3.9 + / - 0.5 g /dL, and the median percentage of hypoxia was 24,7(1-100)%. There was no statistically significant relationship between albumin and radiation response (p≥0.05). There was a statistically significant relationship between hypoxia and radiation response (p<0,05). There were no correlation between albumin and hypoxia (r=-0,24, p=0,324).

Conclusion: This study showed that there was no correlation between albumin preirradiation and response in locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer. It was proven that hypoxia increased radioresistance in locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer. There was no correlation between albumin preirradiation and hypoxia."

"Latar belakang: Sitoglobin (Cygb) adalah protein pengangkut O2 yang diekspresikan oleh fibroblas dan fibroblast like cells aktif. Keperluan O2 dan energi meningkat pada fibrosis akibat proliferasi fibroblas dan sintesis kolagen. Pada fibrosis terjadi hipoksia yang ditandai oleh stabilisasi hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), yang kemudian membentuk HIF-1 yang merupakan faktor transkripsi untuk ekspresi protein adaptasi (termasuk Cygb). Diduga Cygb berperan dalam suplai O2 pada fibrosis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai peran Cygb pada hipoksia jaringan fibrosis dengan keloid sebagai model.Metode: Penelitian bersifat observasional deskriptif. Sampel keloid diperoleh melalui biopsi, sedangkan kontrol preputium diperoleh melalui sirkumsisi, masing-masing 10 sampel jaringan. Pengukuran ekspresi mRNA Cygb, HIF-1α, kolagen I dan III dilakukan dengan real time RT-PCR; kadar protein Cygb dan HIF-1α dengan ELISA; dan ekspresi protein Cygb, HIF-1α, FGF, kolagen I dan III di lapisan dermis dengan imunohistokimia (IHK). Pengukuran kadar MDA dan GSH (tingkat stres oksidatif) serta kadar hidroksiprolin (untuk pematangan kolagen) dengan spektrofotometri, sedangkan pengukuran kepadatan kolagen dengan pewarnaan Van Gieson. Data dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji-t.Hasil: Pada keloid dibandingkan preputium, ekspresi mRNA Cygb meningkat 8,7 kali, protein Cygb meningkat bermakna (1,196 Vs 0,779 ng/mg protein dan 95% Vs 63% ; p <0,05). Ekspresi mRNA HIF-1α meningkat 5,1 kali, protein HIF-1α meningkat bermakna (0,201 Vs 0,122 ng/mg protein dan 80% Vs 38%; p <0,05). Terdapat korelasi kuat antara ekspresi protein HIF-1α dan mRNA Cygb (Pearson; R = 0,649; p <0,01). Ekspresi protein FGF keloid meningkat bermakna (78% Vs 41%; p <0,05). Demikian pula ekspresi mRNA prokolagen I dan III keloid meningkat bermakna (35 kali dan 27,1 kali), serta ekspresi protein kolagen I dan III (61% Vs 37% dan 39% Vs. 16%; p <0,05). Juga terdapat korelasi kuat antara protein HIF-1α dengan FGF, prokolagen I dan III (Pearson; R= 0,878; R=0,960; dan R=0884; p<0,01). Kadar hiroksiprolin lebih tinggi pada keloid (0,297 Vs 276 ng/mg protein; p >0,05) dan pematangan kolagen lebih tinggi bermakna (1,2 kali; p <0,05). Cygb berkorelasi kuat dengan pematangan kolagen (kadar hidroksiprolin) (Pearson; R = 0,790; p <0,001).Kesimpulan: Cygb berperan pada hipoksia jaringan fibrosis yang ditandai dengan peningkatan ekspresinya. Peran Cygb terkait dengan ekspresi HIF-1α yang berkorelasi dengan peningkatan FGF, pro/kolagen I dan III yang merupakan faktor penting pada fibrosis. Cygb juga berperan pada pematangan kolagen.

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Background: Cytoglobin (Cygb) is an O2 carrier protein expressed by fibroblasts and active fibroblast like cells. O2 and energy demand increased in fibrosis due to proliferation of fibroblasts and synthesis of collagen. In fibrosis hypoxia occurred which is characterized by stabilization of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which later forming the HIF-1, a transcription factor for the expression of adaptation protein (including Cygb). Cygb alleged role in the supply of O2 in fibrosis. The purpose of this study was to obtain information about Cygb role in fibrosis hypoxia with keloid tissue as a model.Methods: This was an observational descriptive study. Keloid samples were obtained from biopsy, while the preputium as control were obtained from circumcision, 10 tissue samples each. Measurement of Cygb, HIF-1α, collagen I and III mRNA expression were carried out by real time RT?PCR. Cygb and HIF-1α protein level were measured by ELISA; while Cygb, HIF-1α, FGF, and collagen I and III protein expressions in the dermis layer by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Measurement of MDA and GSH levels (oxidative stress) and hydroxyprolin concentration (marker of mature collagen) by spectrophotometry, while the collagen density measurement with van Gieson staining. Data were analyzed statistically using t-test.Results: In keloid compared preputium, Cygb mRNA expression increased 8.7 times compared to preputium, Cygb protein increased significantly (1.196 Vs 0.779 ng/mg protein and 95% Vs 63%, p <0.05). HIF-1α mRNA expression increased by 5.1 times in keloid tissue, and protein HIF-1α increased significantly (0.201 Vs 0.122 ng/mg protein and 80% Vs 38%, p <0.05). There is a strong correlation between the expression of HIF-1α protein and Cygb mRNA (Pearson; R = 0.649, p <0.01). Keloid FGF protein expression increased significantly (78% Vs 41%; p <0.05). Similarly, mRNA expression of procollagen I and III keloid increased significantly (35 times and 27.1 times), and protein expression of collagen I and III (61% Vs 37% and 39% Vs 16%, p <0.05). There is also a strong correlation between HIF-1α protein with FGF, procollagen I and III (Pearson, R = 0.878, R = 0.960; and R = 0.884, p <0.01). Hydroxyprolin concentration were higher in keloid (0.297 Vs 0.276 ng/mg protein; p >0.05) and collagen maturation was significantly higher (1.2 times, p <0.05). Cygb is correlated with maturation of collagen (hydroxyproline levels) (Pearson, R = 0.790, p <0.001).Conclusion: Cygb play role in fibrosis hypoxia which is characterized by its increased expression. Cygb role is associated with the expression of HIF-1α which are correlated with increased FGF, pro/collagen I and III, which are important factor in fibrosis. Cygb also play a role in the maturation of collagen."

"[ABSTRAKHipoksia berperan penting pada patofisiologi berbagai penyakit utama penyebab kematian seperti, penyakit jantung iskemia, strok, kanker, penyakit paru kronik, dan gagal jantung kongestif. Kedua protein golongan globin di otak, yaitu neuroglobin (Ngb) dan sitoglobin (Cygb) diduga berperan dalam suplai oksigen ke mitokondria dan melindungi jaringan otak dari kerusakan akibat hipoksia (neuroprotektan). Perubahan ekspresi protein merupakan salah satu bentuk adaptasi biokimia yang penting terhadap perubahan homeostasis. Oleh karena itu timbul pertanyaan bagaimana pola ekspresi Ngb dan Cygb serta peran neuroprotektan kedua protein tersebut di otak pada keadaan hipoksia sistemik kronik (HSK). Penelitian bertujuan manganalisis perbedaan pola ekspresi Ngb dan Cygb serta kaitannya dengan apoptosis pada HSK. Parameter yang diukur adalah Ngb, Cygb, sitokrom c, MDA, GSH dan HIF-lα. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi eksperimental in vivo model HSK pada tikus. Tikus sebagai hewan coba dibagi secara acak dalam 6 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu kelompok I adalah kelompok kontrol atau tanpa perlakuan hipoksia, sedangkan kelompok II, III, IV, V, dan VI mendapat perlakuan hipoksia dengan lama waktu hipoksia selama 1, 3, 5, 7, dan 14 hari. Parameter yang diperiksa meliputi ekspresi Ngb dan Cygb dengan teknik real time-RT PCR, ELISA dan imunofluoresen FITC, stres oksidatif, HIF-1α sebagai penanda hipoksia, dan sitokrom c sebagai penanda apoptosis. Hasil yang diperoleh HSK meningkatkan ekspresi mRNA Ngb pada hipoksia 3, 5, dan 7 hari, namun ekspresi proteinnya menurun pada hipoksia 1, 3, 5, 7, dan 14 hari dibanding dengan kontrol. Berbeda dengan ekspresi mRNA Cygb yang menurun selama hipoksia 1, 3, 5, 7, dan 14 hari, namun protein Cygb meningkat pada hipoksia 1, 3, 5, 7, dan 14 hari dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Korelasi Ngb dengan sitokrom c lemah tidak signifikan, sedangkan Cygb sangat lemah dan tidak signifikan. HSK menginduksi ekspresi HIF-lα yang meningkat tertinggi pada hipoksia 7 hari, dan menyebabkan stres oksidatif yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya MDA pada hipoksia 1, 3 dan 5 hari, serta menurunnya GSH pada hipoksia 1, 3, dan 5 hari. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa terdapat perbedaan pola ekspresi Ngb dan Cygb pada HSK. Ekspresi Ngb sebagai respons adaptasi terjadi lebih awal dan lebih dipengaruhi oleh lama waktu hipoksia dibandingkan dengan ekspresi Cygb. Meskipun lemah, Ngb cenderung mempunyai peran menghambat apoptosis dibandingkan dengan protein Cygb.;

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ABSTRACTHypoxia has an important role in the pathophysiology of high mortality diseases, such as ischemic cardiovascular disease, stroke, cancer, chronic lung disease, and congestive heart failure. The proteins belonged to globin protein group, included neuroglobin (Ngb) and cytoglobin (Cygb), have been presumed to play a role in regulating the oxygen supply into the mitochondria and protecting the brain tissues from damage due to hypoxia (neuroprotectant). An alteration in protein expression due to a homeostatic shift is an important adaptation process in biochemistry. Therefore, the expression pattern of Ngb and Cygb as well as their protein roles in brain during a chronic systemic hypoxia condition (CSH) remain unclear. This study aim to analyse the differences of the Ngb and Cygb expression patterns, and correlation of both protein to apoptosis in chronic systemic hypoxic condition. Ngb, Cygb, Cytochrome c, MDA, GSH, and HIF-1 α. were examined. An in vivo experimental model of CSH was carried out using rat. The experimental rats were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups, i.e. group I was a control group or without hypoxic condition, groups II, III, IV, V, and VI were treated by hypoxic condition for 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days, respectively. The Ngb and Cygb expressions were analysed using real time-RTPCR, ELISA, immunofluorescence with FITC, and the measurement of stress oxidative biomarkers, included HIF-1α as a biomarker of hypoxic condition and cytochrome c as a biomarker of apoptosis. The CSH was increased the mRNA expression of Ngb at 3, 5, and 7 days hypoxic groups, while the protein expression was decreased at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days hypoxic groups compared to control group. The mRNA expression of Cygb was decreased at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days hypoxic groups, whereas the Cygb protein expression was increased at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days hypoxic groups compared to control group. The correlation between Ngb with cytochrome c was weakly statistically insignificant, and Cygb with cytochrome c was statistically insignificant. The CSH induced the HIFlα, which was shown by a high increase at 7 days hypoxic group, as well as stress oxidative which was represented by MDA at 1, 3, and 5 days hypoxic groups, and decreased GSH at 1, 3, and 5 days hypoxic groups. There are differences in expression pattern of Ngb and Cygb in CSH. The expression of Ngb, as an adaptive response, occurs earlier and is more influenced by the duration of hypoxic condition compared to Cygb. Although the correlation is weak, the Ngb seems more likely to inhibit apoptosis compared to Cygb protein;Hypoxia has an important role in the pathophysiology of high mortality diseases, such as ischemic cardiovascular disease, stroke, cancer, chronic lung disease, and congestive heart failure. The proteins belonged to globin protein group, included neuroglobin (Ngb) and cytoglobin (Cygb), have been presumed to play a role in regulating the oxygen supply into the mitochondria and protecting the brain tissues from damage due to hypoxia (neuroprotectant). An alteration in protein expression due to a homeostatic shift is an important adaptation process in biochemistry. Therefore, the expression pattern of Ngb and Cygb as well as their protein roles in brain during a chronic systemic hypoxia condition (CSH) remain unclear. This study aim to analyse the differences of the Ngb and Cygb expression patterns, and correlation of both protein to apoptosis in chronic systemic hypoxic condition. Ngb, Cygb, Cytochrome c, MDA, GSH, and HIF-1 α. were examined. An in vivo experimental model of CSH was carried out using rat. The experimental rats were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups, i.e. group I was a control group or without hypoxic condition, groups II, III, IV, V, and VI were treated by hypoxic condition for 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days, respectively. The Ngb and Cygb expressions were analysed using real time-RTPCR, ELISA, immunofluorescence with FITC, and the measurement of stress oxidative biomarkers, included HIF-1α as a biomarker of hypoxic condition and cytochrome c as a biomarker of apoptosis. The CSH was increased the mRNA expression of Ngb at 3, 5, and 7 days hypoxic groups, while the protein expression was decreased at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days hypoxic groups compared to control group. The mRNA expression of Cygb was decreased at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days hypoxic groups, whereas the Cygb protein expression was increased at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days hypoxic groups compared to control group. The correlation between Ngb with cytochrome c was weakly statistically insignificant, and Cygb with cytochrome c was statistically insignificant. The CSH induced the HIFlα, which was shown by a high increase at 7 days hypoxic group, as well as stress oxidative which was represented by MDA at 1, 3, and 5 days hypoxic groups, and decreased GSH at 1, 3, and 5 days hypoxic groups. There are differences in expression pattern of Ngb and Cygb in CSH. The expression of Ngb, as an adaptive response, occurs earlier and is more influenced by the duration of hypoxic condition compared to Cygb. Although the correlation is weak, the Ngb seems more likely to inhibit apoptosis compared to Cygb protein;Hypoxia has an important role in the pathophysiology of high mortality diseases, such as ischemic cardiovascular disease, stroke, cancer, chronic lung disease, and congestive heart failure. The proteins belonged to globin protein group, included neuroglobin (Ngb) and cytoglobin (Cygb), have been presumed to play a role in regulating the oxygen supply into the mitochondria and protecting the brain tissues from damage due to hypoxia (neuroprotectant). An alteration in protein expression due to a homeostatic shift is an important adaptation process in biochemistry. Therefore, the expression pattern of Ngb and Cygb as well as their protein roles in brain during a chronic systemic hypoxia condition (CSH) remain unclear. This study aim to analyse the differences of the Ngb and Cygb expression patterns, and correlation of both protein to apoptosis in chronic systemic hypoxic condition. Ngb, Cygb, Cytochrome c, MDA, GSH, and HIF-1 α. were examined. An in vivo experimental model of CSH was carried out using rat. The experimental rats were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups, i.e. group I was a control group or without hypoxic condition, groups II, III, IV, V, and VI were treated by hypoxic condition for 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days, respectively. The Ngb and Cygb expressions were analysed using real time-RTPCR, ELISA, immunofluorescence with FITC, and the measurement of stress oxidative biomarkers, included HIF-1α as a biomarker of hypoxic condition and cytochrome c as a biomarker of apoptosis. The CSH was increased the mRNA expression of Ngb at 3, 5, and 7 days hypoxic groups, while the protein expression was decreased at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days hypoxic groups compared to control group. The mRNA expression of Cygb was decreased at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days hypoxic groups, whereas the Cygb protein expression was increased at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days hypoxic groups compared to control group. The correlation between Ngb with cytochrome c was weakly statistically insignificant, and Cygb with cytochrome c was statistically insignificant. The CSH induced the HIFlα, which was shown by a high increase at 7 days hypoxic group, as well as stress oxidative which was represented by MDA at 1, 3, and 5 days hypoxic groups, and decreased GSH at 1, 3, and 5 days hypoxic groups. There are differences in expression pattern of Ngb and Cygb in CSH. The expression of Ngb, as an adaptive response, occurs earlier and is more influenced by the duration of hypoxic condition compared to Cygb. Although the correlation is weak, the Ngb seems more likely to inhibit apoptosis compared to Cygb protein;Hypoxia has an important role in the pathophysiology of high mortality diseases, such as ischemic cardiovascular disease, stroke, cancer, chronic lung disease, and congestive heart failure. The proteins belonged to globin protein group, included neuroglobin (Ngb) and cytoglobin (Cygb), have been presumed to play a role in regulating the oxygen supply into the mitochondria and protecting the brain tissues from damage due to hypoxia (neuroprotectant). An alteration in protein expression due to a homeostatic shift is an important adaptation process in biochemistry. Therefore, the expression pattern of Ngb and Cygb as well as their protein roles in brain during a chronic systemic hypoxia condition (CSH) remain unclear. This study aim to analyse the differences of the Ngb and Cygb expression patterns, and correlation of both protein to apoptosis in chronic systemic hypoxic condition. Ngb, Cygb, Cytochrome c, MDA, GSH, and HIF-1 α. were examined. An in vivo experimental model of CSH was carried out using rat. The experimental rats were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups, i.e. group I was a control group or without hypoxic condition, groups II, III, IV, V, and VI were treated by hypoxic condition for 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days, respectively. The Ngb and Cygb expressions were analysed using real time-RTPCR, ELISA, immunofluorescence with FITC, and the measurement of stress oxidative biomarkers, included HIF-1α as a biomarker of hypoxic condition and cytochrome c as a biomarker of apoptosis. The CSH was increased the mRNA expression of Ngb at 3, 5, and 7 days hypoxic groups, while the protein expression was decreased at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days hypoxic groups compared to control group. The mRNA expression of Cygb was decreased at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days hypoxic groups, whereas the Cygb protein expression was increased at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days hypoxic groups compared to control group. The correlation between Ngb with cytochrome c was weakly statistically insignificant, and Cygb with cytochrome c was statistically insignificant. The CSH induced the HIFlα, which was shown by a high increase at 7 days hypoxic group, as well as stress oxidative which was represented by MDA at 1, 3, and 5 days hypoxic groups, and decreased GSH at 1, 3, and 5 days hypoxic groups. There are differences in expression pattern of Ngb and Cygb in CSH. The expression of Ngb, as an adaptive response, occurs earlier and is more influenced by the duration of hypoxic condition compared to Cygb. Although the correlation is weak, the Ngb seems more likely to inhibit apoptosis compared to Cygb protein, Hypoxia has an important role in the pathophysiology of high mortality diseases, such as ischemic cardiovascular disease, stroke, cancer, chronic lung disease, and congestive heart failure. The proteins belonged to globin protein group, included neuroglobin (Ngb) and cytoglobin (Cygb), have been presumed to play a role in regulating the oxygen supply into the mitochondria and protecting the brain tissues from damage due to hypoxia (neuroprotectant). An alteration in protein expression due to a homeostatic shift is an important adaptation process in biochemistry. Therefore, the expression pattern of Ngb and Cygb as well as their protein roles in brain during a chronic systemic hypoxia condition (CSH) remain unclear. This study aim to analyse the differences of the Ngb and Cygb expression patterns, and correlation of both protein to apoptosis in chronic systemic hypoxic condition. Ngb, Cygb, Cytochrome c, MDA, GSH, and HIF-1 α. were examined. An in vivo experimental model of CSH was carried out using rat. The experimental rats were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups, i.e. group I was a control group or without hypoxic condition, groups II, III, IV, V, and VI were treated by hypoxic condition for 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days, respectively. The Ngb and Cygb expressions were analysed using real time-RTPCR, ELISA, immunofluorescence with FITC, and the measurement of stress oxidative biomarkers, included HIF-1α as a biomarker of hypoxic condition and cytochrome c as a biomarker of apoptosis. The CSH was increased the mRNA expression of Ngb at 3, 5, and 7 days hypoxic groups, while the protein expression was decreased at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days hypoxic groups compared to control group. The mRNA expression of Cygb was decreased at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days hypoxic groups, whereas the Cygb protein expression was increased at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days hypoxic groups compared to control group. The correlation between Ngb with cytochrome c was weakly statistically insignificant, and Cygb with cytochrome c was statistically insignificant. The CSH induced the HIFlα, which was shown by a high increase at 7 days hypoxic group, as well as stress oxidative which was represented by MDA at 1, 3, and 5 days hypoxic groups, and decreased GSH at 1, 3, and 5 days hypoxic groups. There are differences in expression pattern of Ngb and Cygb in CSH. The expression of Ngb, as an adaptive response, occurs earlier and is more influenced by the duration of hypoxic condition compared to Cygb. Although the correlation is weak, the Ngb seems more likely to inhibit apoptosis compared to Cygb protein]"

"Latar Belakang : Penelitian ini menganalisis respons adaptasi jaringan jantung pada paparan hipoksia hipobarik intermiten (HHI) pada tikus. Faktor transkripsi HIF-1α penting untuk mengatasi keadaan hipoksia, terdiri atas 2 subunit yaitu HIF-1α dan HIF-1β yang dalam keadaan hipoksia membentuk heterodimer dan mengatur ekspresi sejumlah gen target untuk mengatasi keadaan hipoksia. Hipoksia akan menyebabkan jantung mengalami beban yang meningkat berupa hipertrofi ventrikel. Jantung akan mengatasi keadaan tersebut melalui pembentukan Mb dan BNP-45.Metode : 25 ekor tikus jantan Sprague-Dawley dibagi dalam 5 kelompok dan 4 kelompok dipaparkan HHI menggunakan hypobaric chamber di Lakespra Saryanto TNI AU, selama 50 menit dengan variasi ketinggian, interval intermiten 1 minggu, 4 kali perlakuan (hari 1, 8, 15 dan 22). Dilakukan pengukuran protein HIF-1α dan Mb (ELISA), ekspresi relatif mRNA Mb dan BNP-45 (real time RT-PCR satu langkah).Hasil : Kadar protein HIF-1α meningkat pada paparan hipoksia hipobarik dan terus menurun hingga induksi hipoksia hipobarik intermiten 3 kali (ANOVA, p=0,0437). Ekspresi mRNA dan protein Mb meningkat pada paparan hipoksia hipobarik dan terus menurun hingga induksi hipoksia hipobarik intermiten 3 kali (ANOVA, p=0,0283; 0,0170), dan keduanya berkorelasi kuat (Pearson, r=0,6307). Ekspresi mRNA BNP-45 meningkat pada paparan hipoksia hipobarik intermiten 1 kali dan terus menurun hingga induksi hipoksia hipobarik intermiten 3 kali (ANOVA, p=0,0314). Hasil uji korelasi juga menunjukkan hubungan yang kuat antara protein HIF-1α dengan ekspresi mRNA Mb, namun sangat lemah dengan ekspresi mRNA BNP-45.Kesimpulan : Terjadi respons adaptasi HIF-1α, Mb dan BNP-45 pada paparan hipoksia hipobarik intermiten pada jantung tikus. Protein HIF-1 meregulasi ekspresi Mb dan BNP-45.

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Background: The study analyzed the adaptive responses of heart tissue after induction of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IHH) in rat. The transcription factor HIF-1 is important to overcome hypoxia condition, which consist of 2 subunits: HIF-1α and HIF-1β in a state of hypoxia form heterodimers and regulate the expression of a number of target genes to overcome hypoxia. Hypoxia, especially continuous one, may lead the heart to hypertroptive state. The heart will overcome the situation through the establishment of Mb and BNP-45.

Methods: Twenty five male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to IHH in a hypobaric chamber in Indonesian Air Force Institute of Aviation Medicine, for 50 minutes at various altitudes, 1 week interval for 4 times (day 1, 8, 15 and 22). HIF-1α and Mb protein were measured with ELISA. mRNA expression of Mb and BNP-45 were measured with one step real time RT-PCR.

Results: HIF-1α protein levels increased after induction of hypobaric hypoxia and continues to decrease after induction of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia 3 times (ANOVA, p=0.0437). mRNA expression and protein of Mb increased after induction of hypobaric hypoxia and continues to decrease after induction of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia 3 times (ANOVA, p=0.0283; 0.0170), and both are strongly correlated (Pearson, r=0.6307). mRNA expression of BNP-45 increased after induction of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia 1 time and continues to decrease after induction of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia 3 times (ANOVA, p=0.0314). Correlation test results also showed a strong relationship between HIF-1α protein with mRNA expression of Mb, but very weak with mRNA expression of BNP-45.

Conclusions: Adaptive response of HIF-1α, Mb and BNP-45 occurs after induction of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia in rat heart. HIF-1 protein regulated the expression of Mb and BNP-45."

"Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari perubahan ekspresi dan aktivitas spesifik karbamoil fosfat sintetase 1 (Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase 1/CPS 1) dan protein HIF-1α (hypoxia-inducible factor) pada hati tikus (Rattus norvegicus) selama hipoksia sistemik kronik. Disain: Disain penelitian ini adalah eksperimen in vivo dengan menggunakan tikus sebagai hewan coba. Metode: Ada lima perlakukan tikus; tikus kontrol, hipoksia 1 hari, hipoksia 3 hari, hipoksia 5 hari dan hipoksia 7 hari. Ekspresi gen karbamoil fosfat sintetase 1 (CPS1) diukur menggunakan real time RT-PCR dan menggunakan 18s rRNA sebagai gen referensi. Aktivitas spesifik CPS1 diukur menggunakan hidroksiurea sebagai larutan standar. Metode ELISA digunakan untuk mengukur protein HIF-1α. Hasil : Ekspresi gen karbamoil Fosfat Sintetase 1 meningkat secara signifikan dan menunjukkan ekspresi tertinggi daripada perlakuan lain pada satu hari hipoksia dibandingkan dengan kelompok control. Pada hipoksia hari berikutnya, ekspresi CPS1 menurun secara signifikan dibandingkan kelompok control (ANOVA, p<0,05). Aktivitas spesifik CPS1 meningkat secara signifikan pada satu hari dan tiga hari hipoksia dibanding kelompok control (ANOVA, p<0,05). Protein HIF-1α juga dipengaruhi oleh induksi hipoksia (ANOVA, p<0,05). Hubungan antara ekspresi dan aktivitas CPS1 menunjukkan hubungan positif kuat dan hubungan protein HIF-1α dan ekspresi CPS1 menunjukkan hubungan positif sedang (Pearson, p<0,05). Sedangkan hubungan antara protein HIF-1α dan aktifitas spesifik menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan secara statistik. Kesimpulan: Kondisi hipoksia berperan penting dalam pengaturan ekspresi gen dan aktivitas spesifik CPS1 serta protein HIF-1α. Regulasi ekspresi gen CPS1 oleh HIF-1α belum diketahui.

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Background: The aim of this research is to study the changeover of expression and specific activity of Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase 1 (CPS 1) and HIF-1α protein of rat (Rattus norvegicus) liver during systemic chronic hypoxia.

Design: Design of this research is an in vivo experimental study using rat as laboratory animal.

Method: There are five treatment of rats; control, 1 day of hypoxia, 3 days of hypoxia, 5 days of hypoxia and 7 days of hypoxia. Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 gene expression was measured using real time RT-PCR and using 18s RNA gene as housekeeping gene. The specific activity of CPS1 was measured using hydroxyurea as standard solution. ELISA was performing in order to measure HIF-1α protein.

Result: Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 gene expression was increased significantly and shows the highest expression than other treatment in one day of systemic chronic hypoxia treatment of rat liver compared with control group. And the following days of hypoxia CPS1 gene expression were decreased significantly than control group (ANOVA, p<0,05). The specific activity of CPS1 was increased significantly in one day and three days of systemic chronic hypoxia than control group (ANOVA, p<0,05). The HIF-1α protein was decreased in one day and increased in three days of systemic chronic hypoxia than control group (ANOVA, p<0,05). The correlation between expression and specific activity of CPS1 shows strong positive correlation and between HIF-1α protein and CPS1 expression shows moderate positive correlation (Pearson, p<0,05). The HIF-1α protein and specific activity of CPS1 shows no correlation statistically.

Conclusion: Hypoxic condition plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression and specific activity of CPS1 and HIF-1α protein. Regulation of CPS1 gene expression by HIF-1α is not known yet."

"Latar Belakang: Penelitian sel induk sekarang ini telah banyak dieksplorasi untuk nilai kuratif yang menjanjikan dalam dunia medis. Minat di bidang ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kemampuan pembaharuan diri dan diferensiasi yang memberi sel induk potensi yang dapat diterapkan secara terapeutik. Sel induk embrionik sampai hari ini masih kontroversial karena masalah etika dan penghalang kekebalannya, yang mengarahkan kepada eksplorasi sumber sel induk dari sumber lainnya termasuk jaringan adiposit dan jaringan tali pusar. Sel induk berada di microenvironment yang kompleks dan berbagai penelitian telah membuktikan bahwa tingkat oksigen terbatas diperlukan untuk pemeliharaan kapasitas proliferasi dan pluripotency. Hipoksia adalah salah satu kekuatan pendorong paling berpengaruh untuk angiogenesis yang memungkinkan kelangsungan hidup sel induk melalui adaptasi metabolik dan ekspresi gen pro-survival hidup seperti Hypoxia-inducible Factors (HIFs). HIF2α mengatur ekspresi SOX2 dan NANOG dalam kondisi hipoksia, mempertahankan kapasitas proliferasi dan pluripotency sel punca. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ekspresi relatif HIF2α pada sel induk dari jaringan tali pusar dan jaringan adiposit untuk menentukan tingkat kapasitas proliferasi.Metode: Sel punca diekstraksi dari jaringan adiposit dan jaringan tali pusar. RNA diisolasi dan VarioskanTM Flash multimode Reader digunakan untuk mengkonfirmasi kemurnian sampel. One-Step qRT-PCR digunakan untuk mengukur ekspresi relatif gen HIF2α. Produk PCR lalu diproses dengan elektroforesis gel untuk mengkonfirmasi keakuratan amplifikasi gen.Hasil: Gen HIF2α dinyatakan lebih tinggi di UCSC dibandingkan dengan ADSC.Kesimpulan: Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa dalam kondisi normal, UCSC memiliki pluripotency yang lebih tinggi daripada ADSC. Perluasan penelitian harus dilakukan untuk mengkonfirmasi ekspresi relatif HIF2α dalam kondisi hipoksia.

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Background: Current stem cell research has been explored for promising curative value in the medical world. Interest in this field is motivated by the ability of self-renewal and differentiation that gives potential stem cells that can be applied therapeutically. Embryonic stem cells to this day are controversial because of ethical issues and their immune barriers, which lead to exploration of stem cell sources from other sources including adipocyte tissue and umbilical cord tissue. Stem cells are in a complex microenvironment and various studies have proven that limited oxygen levels are needed for maintenance of proliferation and pluripotency capacity. Hypoxia is one of the most influential driving forces for angiogenesis that allows continuity stem cell life through metabolic adaptation and expression of pro-survival living genes such as Hypoxia-inducible Factors (HIFs). HIF2α regulates the expression of SOX2 and NANOG in hypoxic conditions, maintaining the proliferation capacity and pluripotency of stem cells. This study aims to analyze the relative expression of HIF2α in stem cells from umbilical cord tissue and adipocyte tissue to determine the level of proliferation capacity.

Method: Stem cells are extracted from adipocyte tissue and umbilical cord tissue. RNA isolated and Vari PostingTM Flash multimode Reader is used to confirm sample purity. One-step qRT-PCR is used to measure the relative expression of the HIF2α gene. The PCR product is then processed with gel electrophoresis to confirm the accuracy of gene amplification.

Results: The HIF2α gene was expressed higher at UCSC compared to ADSC.

Conclusion: The results show that under normal conditions, UCSC has higher pluripotency than ADSC. Extensive research must be carried out to confirm the relative expression of HIF2α in hypoxic conditions."