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"ABSTRAK Latar BelakangPerdarahan pascasalin adalah penyebab 25% kematian ibu diseluruh dunia,bahkan mencapai 60% pada beberapa negara. Sekitar 60-90% disebabkan olehatonia uteri. Berbagai alat ditemukan dan digunakan seperti tamponade balonuterus, NASG (Nonpneumatic Anti Shock Garment), Bakri Balloon dan TheGlenveigh Medical Complete Tamponade System namun memiliki efektifitassekitar 65-87,5% dan potensi komplikasi. Oleh sebab itu diperkenalkanlah suatumetode baru untuk mengontrol perdarahan pascasalin. MetodeTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat keamanan, kemudahan danefektifitas alat InPress mengatasi perdarahan pascasalin karena atonia uteri. AlatInPress menggunakan mesin vakum bertekanan rendah untuk menurunkantekanan atmosfer dalam kavum uteri sehingga uterus menjadi kolaps danmembuat tamponade sehingga perdarahan berhenti. Selain itu secara fisiologis,dapat merangsang kontraksi uterus pascasalin yang normal dan retraksi uterus kebentuk dan ukuran semula. HasilDari sepuluh subyek penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mesin vakum dengan cepatmenciptakan tamponade yang efektif melalui balon pengunci yang berada diostium uteri eksterna. Jumlah perdarahan yang dievakuasi dari kavum uteri sekitar100-250 cc, tertampung dalam kanister. Uterus kolaps dan terjadi tamponadedalam waktu 1-2 menit sehingga perdarahan berhenti. Alat InPress dipasangselama minimal 1 jam dan maksimal 6,5 jam. Repair luka robekan perineum danvagina dapat dilakukan dengan mudah saat alat InPress terpasang di dalam uterus.Pada sepuluh subyek tidak ada tindakan lanjutan untuk mengatasi perdarahansetelah alat InPress dipasang. Tidak ditemukan adanya kelainan pada uterus,serviks dan vagina pada saat dan sesudah pemasangan alat InPress. KesimpulanTamponade uterus yang berasal dari tekanan negatif mesin vakum terbukti aman dan efektif untuk mengatasi perdarahan pascasalin karena atonia uteri.ABSTRACT Background the Treatment of Postpartum Hemorrhage Due To UterineAtonia Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) is responsible for +/- 25% of maternal mortalityworldwide, reaching as high as 60% in some countries. Approximately 60-90%caused by uterine atonia. Many devices were invented and applied such as uterineballoon tamponade, NASG (Nonpneumatic Anti Shock Garment), Bakri Balloondan The Glenveigh Medical Complete Tamponade System but the effectivenessonly about 65-87,5% control hemorrhage and have potential complications.Therefor a new method to control PPH has been introduced. MethodThe purpose of this study was to demonstrate patient safety, device efficiency, andease of use, as an overall Proof of Concept with a new device, the InPress Device,for the treatment of primary postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) due to atony.The InPress device uses gentle vacuum force to lower the atmospheric pressurewithin the uterine cavity to collapse the uterus into and onto itself to stophemorrhage through tamponade. It also stimulates normal postpartum uterinecontractions, to effect hemostasis. In this hemostatic state the atonic uterusrecovers, physiologically, and retracts down to its? normal hemostatic postpartumsize. Results Results from our ten trial patients showed that: the vacuum created an immediateeffective tamponade confined to the uterus by our seal situated at the externalcervical ostium, 100-250 milliliters of residual blood were evacuated from theuterine cavity into the vacuum canister. The uterus collapsed and regained tonewithin 1-2 minutes, and hemorrhaging stopped, in all cases. The device stayed inplace while vaginal and perineal lacerations, which occurred during delivery, wereeasily repaired. The device was left in for one-hour minimum up to 6,5 hours. There were no further operative procedures required to stop hemorrhaging in anyof these cases. There was no abnormality of uterus, cervix and vagina while andafter InPress procedur performed. Conclusion Vacuum induced uterine tamponade using physiologic force, is a safe andeffective way to achieve rapid control of PPH due to atony.;Background the Treatment of Postpartum Hemorrhage Due To UterineAtonia Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) is responsible for +/- 25% of maternal mortalityworldwide, reaching as high as 60% in some countries. Approximately 60-90%caused by uterine atonia. Many devices were invented and applied such as uterineballoon tamponade, NASG (Nonpneumatic Anti Shock Garment), Bakri Balloondan The Glenveigh Medical Complete Tamponade System but the effectivenessonly about 65-87,5% control hemorrhage and have potential complications.Therefor a new method to control PPH has been introduced. MethodThe purpose of this study was to demonstrate patient safety, device efficiency, andease of use, as an overall Proof of Concept with a new device, the InPress Device,for the treatment of primary postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) due to atony.The InPress device uses gentle vacuum force to lower the atmospheric pressurewithin the uterine cavity to collapse the uterus into and onto itself to stophemorrhage through tamponade. It also stimulates normal postpartum uterinecontractions, to effect hemostasis. In this hemostatic state the atonic uterusrecovers, physiologically, and retracts down to its? normal hemostatic postpartumsize. Results Results from our ten trial patients showed that: the vacuum created an immediateeffective tamponade confined to the uterus by our seal situated at the externalcervical ostium, 100-250 milliliters of residual blood were evacuated from theuterine cavity into the vacuum canister. The uterus collapsed and regained tonewithin 1-2 minutes, and hemorrhaging stopped, in all cases. The device stayed inplace while vaginal and perineal lacerations, which occurred during delivery, wereeasily repaired. The device was left in for one-hour minimum up to 6,5 hours. There were no further operative procedures required to stop hemorrhaging in anyof these cases. There was no abnormality of uterus, cervix and vagina while andafter InPress procedur performed. Conclusion Vacuum induced uterine tamponade using physiologic force, is a safe andeffective way to achieve rapid control of PPH due to atony.;Background the Treatment of Postpartum Hemorrhage Due To UterineAtonia Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) is responsible for +/- 25% of maternal mortalityworldwide, reaching as high as 60% in some countries. Approximately 60-90%caused by uterine atonia. Many devices were invented and applied such as uterineballoon tamponade, NASG (Nonpneumatic Anti Shock Garment), Bakri Balloondan The Glenveigh Medical Complete Tamponade System but the effectivenessonly about 65-87,5% control hemorrhage and have potential complications.Therefor a new method to control PPH has been introduced. MethodThe purpose of this study was to demonstrate patient safety, device efficiency, andease of use, as an overall Proof of Concept with a new device, the InPress Device,for the treatment of primary postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) due to atony.The InPress device uses gentle vacuum force to lower the atmospheric pressurewithin the uterine cavity to collapse the uterus into and onto itself to stophemorrhage through tamponade. It also stimulates normal postpartum uterinecontractions, to effect hemostasis. In this hemostatic state the atonic uterusrecovers, physiologically, and retracts down to its? normal hemostatic postpartumsize. Results Results from our ten trial patients showed that: the vacuum created an immediateeffective tamponade confined to the uterus by our seal situated at the externalcervical ostium, 100-250 milliliters of residual blood were evacuated from theuterine cavity into the vacuum canister. The uterus collapsed and regained tonewithin 1-2 minutes, and hemorrhaging stopped, in all cases. The device stayed inplace while vaginal and perineal lacerations, which occurred during delivery, wereeasily repaired. The device was left in for one-hour minimum up to 6,5 hours. There were no further operative procedures required to stop hemorrhaging in anyof these cases. There was no abnormality of uterus, cervix and vagina while andafter InPress procedur performed. Conclusion Vacuum induced uterine tamponade using physiologic force, is a safe andeffective way to achieve rapid control of PPH due to atony."

"Perdarahan postpartum merupakan salah satu situasi kegawatan maternal yangmembutuhkan penanganan segera. Penanganan kegawatan diprioritaskan untukmencegah syok hipovolemia yang mengancam jiwa. Setelah stabil, klien akan mendapatperawatan lanjutan untuk pemulihan. Di masa pemulihan, klien masih membutuhkanbantuan untuk mengatasi gangguan yang masih muncul, merawat diri, danmempersiapkan diri untuk memulai peran barunya. Penerapan integrasi modelkeperawatan Need For Help Wiedenbach dan Konsep Adaptasi Roy merupakan formatpengkajian yang sesuai untuk kondisi pada lima kasus yang dikelola Residen. Residenmengaplikasikan Evidence-Based Practice Nursing (EBPN) dalam perawatan klienperdarahan postpartum fase pemulihan. EBPN yang digunakan bertujuan untukmengatasi kecemasan klien akibat trauma dan hospitalisasi. EBPN yang digunakansebagai intervensi keperawatan adalah teknik afirmasi positif. Teknik Afirmasi positifdalam pengelolaan lima kasus kelolaan berpengaruh signifikan dalam menurunkan nilaikecemasan klien. Teknik afirmasi efektif untuk membantu klien menghadapi masalahpsikologis pasca perdarahan postpartum yang menimbulkan stres dan trauma. Perawatyang bertugas mengelola klien-klien dengan perdarahan postpartum fase pemulihandapat menggunakan integrasi model keperawatan sebagai acuan bagi perawatankliennya. Perawat maternitas juga dapat menggunakan teknik afirmasi positif untukmenurunkan tingkat kecemasan pada klien-klien dengan gangguan perdarahanpostpartum.

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Postpartum hemorrhage is one of the maternal emergencies which need immediate

treatment. The emergency management is prioritized to avoid hypovolemic shock which

can be life threatening. Once stable, clients will receive further treatment for recovery.

During the recovery period, clients still need help to overcome problems that still occur,

to take care of themselves, and to prepare to start their new roles. The application of

Needs Help Wiedenbach nursing model integration and Roy's Adaptation Concept is an

assessment format that is suitable for the conditions of the five cases managed by the

Resident. Resident applies EvidenceBased Practice Nursing (EBPN) in the treatment of

postpartum hemorrhage clients in the recovery phase. EBPN is used to treat clients’

anxiety caused by trauma and hospitalization. The use of EBPN as a nursing

intervention is a positive affirmation technique. Positive affirmation technique in the

five managed cases management significantly affects in reducing clients’ anxiety. The

affirmation technique is effective to help clients to face psychological issues after

postpartum hemorrhage which causes stress and trauma. Nurses who are in charge of

supporting clients with postpartum hemorrhage in the recovery phase can use the

nursing model integration as a reference for treatment for their patients. Maternity

nurses can use positive affirmation techniques as well to reduce anxiety levels of clients

with postpartum hemorrhage disorders."

"Obstetric Hemorrhage is one of leading causes for maternal death in developing country and cause for 50% of estimated 500.000 maternal death globally per year. It is known that 7,6% of complications during labor and delivery that happen in Indonesia is postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). The purpose of this study is to examine factors that associated with PPH complication in Indonesia. Research method which is used in this study is cross sectional that analyze Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (SDKI) 2012?s data source. Population in this study is all woman in age range 15-49 year old that ever gave birth in Indonesia from January 2007 until SDKI 2012 started. This study find that mother with low education (PR=1,248; 95% CI: 1,108 ? 1,405), maternal age <20 and >35 years (PR= 1,157; 95% CI: 1,007 ? 1,329), smoking behavior (PR= 1,991; 95% CI: 1,047 ? 1,425), parity >3 children (PR= 1,221; 95% CI: 1,047 ? 1,425), pregnancy complications (PR= 2,805; 95% CI: 2,477 ? 3,175), past labor complications (PR= 1,765; 95% CI: 1,468 ? 2,123), and completeness of antenatal care (PR= 0,79; 95% CI: 0,664 ? 0,94) are associated with PPH complication. Government commitment is needed to improve health facility?s coverage, train health assistance, and educate people to increase awareness of rights and needs of maternal and newborn health.

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Perdarahan obstetri adalah salah satu penyebab utama kematian maternal di negara berkembang dan penyebab 50% dari 500.000 kematian maternal yang diperkirakan terjadi per tahun di dunia. Sebesar 7,6% dari komplikasi persalinan yang terjadi di Indonesia adalah komplikasi perdarahan pascapersalinan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian komplikasi perdarahan pascapersalinan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dengan analisis data sekunder SDKI 2012. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh wanita usia 15-49 tahun yang pernah melahirkan di Indonesia dalam kurun waktu Januari 2007 sampai pelaksanaan SDKI 2012. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ibu dengan pendidikan rendah (PR=1,248; 95% CI: 1,108 ? 1,405), umur ibu <20 dan >35 tahun (PR= 1,157; 95% CI: 1,007 ? 1,329), perilaku merokok ibu (PR= 1,991; 95% CI: 1,047 ? 1,425), paritas >3 anak (PR= 1,221; 95% CI: 1,047 ? 1,425), komplikasi kehamilan (PR= 2,805; 95% CI: 2,477 ? 3,175), riwayat komplikasi persalinan (PR= 1,765; 95% CI: 1,468 ? 2,123), dan kelengkapan pelayanan antenatal (PR= 0,79; 95% CI: 0,664 ? 0,94) berhubungan dengan kejadian komplikasi perdarahan pascapersalinan. Perlunya komitmen pemerintah untuk memperbaiki cakupan fasilitas kesehatan, pelatihan lebih lanjut pada tenaga kesehatan, dan pemberian edukasi pada masyarakat sehingga menumbuhkan kesadaran hak dan kebutuhan tentang kesehatan ibu dan anak."

"Lebih dari 20 juta wanita di seluruh dunia memakai kontrasepsi progestin. Metode kontrasepsi ini sangat efektif dan dapat digunakan untuk jangka panjang. Salah satu jenis kontrasepsi progestin yang banyak digunakan adalah kontrasepsi suntik dengan depo-medroxy progesterone asetat (DMPA). Di Indonesia, menurut penelitian The National Social and Economic Survey (1997-1998), akseptor suntik mencapai 21,1% dari total jumlah akseptor KB. Tetapi pada sisi lain, pengguna kontrasepsi ini pada umumnya mengalami gangguan pola perdarahan menstruasi. Gangguan ini menimbulkan ketidaknyamanan bagi pemakainya sehingga mereka memutuskan untuk menghentikan pemakaian kontrasepsi tersebut, Hampir setengah (40-60%) pengguna kontrasepsi progestin memutuskan untuk berhenti menggunakan metode kontrasepsi ini karena gangguan tersebut.Patogenesis perdarahan abnormal uterus pada pengguna metode kontrasepsi ini masih belum diketahui. Pada penelitian sebelumnya telah dilaporkan perubahan pada morfologi endometrium, profil reseptor steroid endometrium, morfologi vaskular endometrium, fungsi dan mekanisme hemostasis pada endometrium. Perdarahan diduga berasal dari kapiler dan venul endometrium dan terjadi peningkatan fragilitas pembuluh darah endometrium pada pengguna kontrasepsi progestin.Matriks metalloproteinase (MMP) adalah suatu protease yang dapat mendegradasi matriks ekstraseluler. MMP terlibat dalam peluruhan endometrium pada saat menstruasi normal dan mendegradasi komponen matriks interstisial dan membran basal pada perimenstruasi yang menyebabkan hilangnya integritas pembuluh darah sehingga terjadi perdarahan menstruasi.MMP-9 adalah 92 k-Da metalloproteinase yang mendegradasi komponen matriks ekstraseluler dan komponen membran basal, khususnya kolagen IV, kolagen V, elastin dan gelatin. Pada fase menstruasi, MMP-9 ditemukan pada neutrofil, eosinofil, makrofag dan terutama di tempat terjadinya peluruhan jaringan.Pada beberapa penelitian, dari biopsi endometrium pengguna kontrasepsi progestin ditemukan peningkatan MMP. Beberapa penelitian melaporkan terdapatnya peningkatan MMP-9 pada endometrium pengguna kontrasepsi progestin yang mengalami gangguan pola perdarahan menstruasi."

"[Perempuan pasca melahirkan adalah kelompok yang berisiko mengalami perubahan pada fungsi seksual. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan fungsi seksual ibu postpartum pervaginam dengan atau tanpa episiotomi dan pasca bedah sesar. Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional. Sampel berjumlah 225 ibu postpartum yang diambil secara consecutive sampling dari bulan April-Mei 2015. Fungsi seksual dinilai dengan Sexual Function Questionnaire (SFQ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara fungsi seksual pada semua jenis persalinan (p=0,977), begitupun hasrat seksual, gairah seksual, dan orgasme. Penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kesehatan seksual ibu pada perawatan postpartum yang berkualitas.;The postpartum women is one of group who experience sexual function changes. The aims of the study is to know the comparation sexual function woman after vaginal delivery without episiotomi and post caesarean section. The study was a descriptive study of cross-sectional design. The sample was 225 womanpostpartum was taken by consecutive sampling from April-May 2015. Sexual function was assessed by the Sexual Function Questionnaire (SFQ) score. The results of this study showed there were no significant differences between sexual function and types of delivery (p=0.977), including sexual desire, sexual arousal and orgasm. The results of the study can be used to increase nurses’s service sexual postpartum women for reach quality postpartum care., The postpartum women is one of group who experience sexual function changes.The aims of the study is to know the comparation sexual function woman aftervaginal delivery without episiotomi and post caesarean section. The study was adescriptive study of cross-sectional design. The sample was 225 womanpostpartum was taken by consecutive sampling from April-May 2015. Sexualfunction was assessed by the Sexual Function Questionnaire (SFQ) score. Theresults of this study showed there were no significant differences between sexualfunction and types of delivery (p=0.977), including sexual desire, sexual arousaland orgasm. The results of the study can be used to increase nurses’s servicesexual postpartum women for reach quality postpartum care.]"

"Pelayanan nifas sangat bermanfaat untuk mengetahui kondisi ibu, sehingga bila tejadi morbiditas postpartum segera dapat ditangani dan kematian ibu dapat dicegah. Namun pemanfaatan pelayanan nifas di Indonesia masih sangat rendah dan dibawah target, kunjungan nifas lengkap sekitar 32 persen, angka ini masih jauh dari yang ditargetkan yaitu sebesar 90 persen pada tahun 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross sectional dengan data sekunder Riskesdas 2013. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 497 kabupaten/kota, dan sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 192 kabupaten/kota. Analisis dilakukan dengan uji regresi logistic ganda. Hasil penelitian didapatkan faktor yang paling dominan menentukan status Kunjungan Nifas lengkap adalah persentase K4 antenatalcare (B=-0,056). Penelitian ini menyarankan untuk pengkajian ulang standar pelayanan minimal di kabupaten/kota, peningkatan kualitas antenatalcare, peningkatan program home visit dan Komunikasi, Informasi dan Edukasi.

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Postpartum care is very useful to know the condition of the mother, so that when the immediate postpartum morbidity occurred can be handled and maternal deaths can be prevented. However, postnatal care utilization in Indonesia is still very low and below target, postpartum visits about 32 percent, this figure is still far from the target is equal to 90 per cent in 2015. This study used cross sectional method with secondary of Riskesdas 2013. The population 497 districts / cities, and the sample as much as 192 districts / cities. The analysis was performed by multiple logistic regression.

The result showed that the most dominant factor determining the status of postpartumcare Visits is the percentage K4 antenatalcare (B = -0.056). This study suggests for the review of minimum service standards in the district / city, antenatalcare quality improvement, increase in home visit program and Communication, Information, and Education."

"Untuk mengetahui effektivitas dan keamanan injeksi intravitreal gas Sulfur Heksaflorida (SF6) tanpa tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) pada perdarahan subhialoid di premakula, 5 mata dari 5 pasen dimasukkan dalam penelitian ini. Setelah parasentesis cairan akuos, 0.3 ml gas sulfur hexafluoride murni disuntikkan intravitreal dan penderita diharuskan mempertahankan posisi muka kebawah selama 5 hari.. Foto fundus dibuat pre injeksi,pada 1 hari dan 7 hari pasca injeksi. Perdarahan subhialoid bergeser pada 4/5 (80%) mata dengan lama perdarahan subhialoid kurang dari 2 minggu. Tajam penglihatan pre-operatif pada ke-lima mata adalah hitung jari, dan mengalami perbaikan pasca-operatif pada 4/5 (80%) mata dalam 3 hari sampai 7 hari.. Tajam penglihatan berkisar antara 6/20 hingga 6/6. Penyakit sistemik yang mendasari, terdiri dari hiperkoagulasi pada 1 pasien, diabetes mellitus pada 2 pasien, hipertensi pada 1 pasien dan tidak ditemukan pada 1 pasien. Komplikasi akibat tindakan tidak ditemukan pada semua mata yang diinjeksi. Sebagai kesimpulan, injeksi gas SF6 tanpa penggunaan tPA ke dalam vitreus mampu menggeser perdarahan subhialoid, bila dilakukan dalam 14 hari, dan dapat menghasilkan perbaikan tajam penglihatan yang cepat. Tindakan ini terbukti aman. (Med J Indones 2007; 16:104-7).

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To assess the efficacy and safety of intravitreal injection of Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) gas without the use of tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) in premacular Subhyaloid Hemorrhage ( SHH ), 5 eyes of 5 patients with premacular SHH were enrolled. After performing paracentesis of the anterior chamber, 0.3 ml pure SF6 gas was injected through pars plana with a 30 gauge needle. Facedown position was maintained for 5 days. Subhyaloid Hemorrhage was displaced in 4/5 ( 80% ) eyes with a duration of SHH less than 2 weeks. The pre-injection visual acuity of all 5 eyes was finger counting and improved in 4/5 ( 80% ) eyes within 3 days to 7 days post-injection to 6/20 - 6/6. The underlying disease was hypercoagulation in 1 patient , diabetes mellitus in 2 patients , hypertension in 1 patient and unknown in 1 patient. No complications were encountered. In conclusion, SF6 gas injected into the vitreous without the use of tPA, can displace SHH if performed within 14 days of duration, and results in rapid visual recovery. This procedure is proven to be safe. (Med J Indones 2007; 16:104-7)."

"LATAR BELAKANG: Pemeriksaan Sken CT kepala adalah Baku emas untuk mendiagnosa perdarahan intrakranial traumatik pada anak. Di Indonesia belum semua fasilitas kesehatan memiliki Sken CT kepala sehingga panting untuk mengetahui gejala klinis yang berhubungan dengan perdarahan intrakranial traumatik pada anak.TUJUAN: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui gejala klinis dan radiologis sederhana yang dapat digunakan sebagai indikator adanya perdarahan intrakranial traumatik pada anak.METODE: Penelitian dilakukan secara potong lintang dengan menggunakan data primer dan sekunder dari catatan medik pasien usia < 15 tahun dengan cedera kepala dan telah dilakukan pemeriksaan foto kepala dan Sken CT kepala yang dirawat di bangsal Neurologi RSCM dalam kurun waktu Januari 1998 hingga Juli 2004.HASIL: Dari 338 kasus yang diteliti didapatkan 117 kasus perdarahan intrakranial traumatik (34,61%): 33 (28,20%) epidural hematom, 34 (29,05%) subdural hematom, 26 (22,22%) perdarahan intraserebral, 12 (10,25%) perdarahan campuran, 11 (9,40%) perdarahan subarachnoid. Pasien terdiri dari 82 laki-laki (70,08%) dan 35 perempuan (29,91%), rentang usia terbanyak yang mengalami perdarahan intrakranial traumatik 11-15 tahun (53/45,29%), mekanisme tersering kecelakaan lalu Iintas (62,39%). Gejala: fraktur tengkorak (62/52,99%), Gangguan THT (26/22,22%), muntah (82/70,08%), lama penurunan kesadaran terbanyak 10 merit-6 jam (51/43,58%). Gejala neurologis: Skala Koma Glasgow (SKG) terbanyak 12-14 (63/53,84%), kelainan saraf kranial (9/7,69%), gangguan motorik (15/12,82%), kejang (13/11,11%), pupil anisokor (7/5,98%). Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara perdarahan intrakranial traumatik dengan SKG, kelompok umur, gangguan motorik, kejang, fraktur tengkorak dan lama penurunan kesadaran (p<0,05)KESIMPULAN: Indikator adalah SKG, gangguan motorik, kelompok umur, kejang, fraktur tengkorak dan lama penurunan kesadaran. Dengan analisis multivariate SKG, kelompok umur dan gangguan motorik merupakan indikator kuat dan dapat digunakan sebagai formula klinik dalam memperkirakan perdarahan intrakranial traumatik pada anak.

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BACKGROUND: Brain CT Scan is one of the evaluation methods for traumatic brain hemorrhage in children. However, not all Indonesian hospitals have these radiologic examination tools. Clinical features and skull x ray as an indicators have to be used as a predictor for traumatic brain hemorrhage cases in children.

OBJECTIVE: To predict traumatic brain hemorrhage in children using clinical features and skull x ray.

METHODOLOGY: 338 acute head trauma children,