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"The aim of this book is to provide an overview of the developments as seen by some of the main contributors to the field. The chapters are not intended to give exhaustive reviews of the literature but, instead to illustrate examples demonstrating the sort of information, which infrared techniques can provide and how this information can be extracted from the experimental data. By discussing the strengths and limitations of the infrared approaches for the investigation of folding and misfolding mechanisms this book helps the reader to evaluate whether a particular system is appropriate for studies by infrared spectroscopy and which specific advantages the techniques offer to solve specific problems."

"This review describes the ways in which synchrotron infrared radiation can be used to perform infrared spectroscopy oncatalyst materials. The enhanced brightness of the synchrotron source over a conventional laboratory source allows formicrospectroscopy to be performed on single crystals of microporous materials down to 10 microns in size. A secondapplication was performed in the far-infrared region, which is generally difficult using laboratory instruments. Thereview presents typical results from both areas and discusses future prospects.Spektroskopi Inframerah berbasis Sinkrotron untuk Material Mikropori. Review ini menjelaskan bagaimanaradiasi inframerah sinkrotron dapat digunakan untuk melakukan spektroskopi inframerah pada bahan katalis.Peningkatan kekuatan cahaya (enhanced brightness) dari sumber sinkrotron terhadap sumber cahaya pada laboratoriumkonvensional memungkinkan microspektroskopi dapat dilakukan pada kristal tunggal dari bahan mikropori sampai keukuran 10 mikron. Aplikasi kedua dilakukan di wilayah inframerah-jauh, yang umumnya sulit dilakukan menggunakaninstrumen laboratorium. Review ini menampilkan hasil khas dari kedua bidang tersebut dan membahas prospek masadepan dari mikrospektroskopi infrared."

"The book will discuss the published experimental techniques, data-processing algorithms, and approaches used in FT-IR spectroscopy to assist in the characterization and identification of microorganisms, to assess the mechanisms of bacterial inactivation by food processing technologies and antimicrobial compounds, to monitor the spore and membrane properties of foodborne pathogens in changing environments, to detect stress-injured microorganisms in food-related environments, to assess dynamic changes in bacterial populations, and to study bacterial tolerance responses."

"Diajukan sebuah model yang menjelaskan mekanisme pembentukan gerak pada protein berdasarkan interaksi-interaksi materi dengan menggunakan pen¬dekatan lagrangian dan perusakan simetri. Perubahan bentuk protein dan sumber non-linier yang disuntikan direpresentasikan oleh lagrangian boson dengan tambahan interaksi φ4 sebagai sumber gangguan. Metode path in¬tegral digunakan untuk menghitung sifat mekanika statistik-nya.

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A model to describe the mechanism of conformational dynamics in protein based on matter interactions using lagrangian approach and imposing certain symmetry breaking is proposed. Both conformation changes of proteins and the injected non-linear sources are represented by the bosonic lagrangian with an additional φ4 interaction for the sources. The path integral method is used to calculate its statistical mechanic properties. "

"Untuk mengindentifikasi kondisi janin di dalam kandungan, dewasa ini masih dilakukan tindakan konvensional yang dapat menyakiti janin dalam kandungan dan si ibu. Di dalam penelitian ini dirancang bangun program identifikasi kondisi janin dengan near infrared spectroscopy yang dikenal melalui metode Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan (JST). Gelombang cahaya yang diterima dari proses penyinaran NIRS ke jaringan otak dikonversi ke gelombang audio, selanjutnya gelombang audio tersebut dihubungkan ke komputer melalui input audio. Pada tahap awal pendeteksian gelombang, pertama-tama dilakukan pra-pengolahan terlebih dahulu. Gelombang spektroskopi diperbesar untuk mendapatkan bentuk gelombang yang baik, dan selanjutnya gelombang ini dipotong- potong hingga didapat spektrum yang dapat mewakili karakteristik gelombang dalam bentuk matriks 75x1. Nilai karakteristik dilatih dan dimasukkan ke dalam database sebagai input pembanding untuk proses identifikasi. JST terdiri dari 100 layer tersembunyi dan 1 layer keluaran, dengan fungsi aktifasi tansig dan purelin. Setelah dilakukan pelatihan untuk 30 gelombang audio yang masing?masing terdiri dari 10 gelombang audio kondisi janin normal, 10 gelombang audio kondisi janin asfiksia dan 10 gelombang audio janin preasfiksia, identifikasi kondisi janin ini mencapai tingkat akurasi rata-rata sebesar 66,67% dengan 4 kali pengukuran pada 15 sampel input.

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To identifying fetal condition on the womb nowadays, some people still using conventional method that can harm the fetal it self and the mother.

The objective of this research, we try to build up a program to identify fetal condition through spectroscopy that also known as Artificial Neural Network method. Light wave that collected from NIRS to the fetal's brain cell converted to be audio wave, then we connect this audio wave to the computer with the audio input tools. In the first step of the wave detection, we should do the pre-processing of the wave. The signal wave from spectroscopy are zoomed out to get a good specific wave. And then we broke it down to get specific charasteristic spectrum of the wave in the form of matrix 75x1. The value of its charasteristic is trained and input on the database as the input comparator for the identify process. ANN is contain of 100 layer as the hidden layer and 1 layer as the output layer, with tansig function and purelin function as the activation function.

After training for 30 spectroscopy wave, that contains of 10 audio wave of the fetal condition in normal, 10 audio wave in asphyxia and 10 audio wave in pre-asphyxia condition, identification of the fetal condition reach average of the accuracy in 66,67% with 4 times measuring for 15 input sample."

"The spectral intensity of direct and scattered solar radiation is of fundamental importance for various studies in civil engineering, agriculture, solar power generation, and radiation budgetestimation. In this paper, we describe a ground-based, wide-spectral-range sensor that can be used for measuring spectral intensities both in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions.The measurements are conducted either with artificial light sources ordirect/scattered solar radiation. The measured spectra yields information on the absorption features of atmosphericgases such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor, as well as aerosol optical properties in the atmosphere. Relatively weak absorption of nitrogen dioxide is measured with the technique of differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS), whereas aerosol, carbon dioxide, and water vapor amounts are measured by matching the observed spectra with simulated ones. Both High Resolution Transmission (HITRAN) and ModerateResolution Atmospheric Transmission (MODTRAN) database/codes are used to derive column amounts of absorbing molecular species and tocharacterize aerosol optical properties. "

"Eksperimen menggunakan Spektroskopi Emisi Inframerah dilaksanakan pada sampel logam untuk memperoleh model termal. Eksperimen ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi korosi tahap awal pada logam. Dengan ini, memperoleh konklusi mengenai potensi perkembangannya dalam teknologi pendeteksi korosi. Dikarenakan batasan-batasan eksperimen yang dilaksanakan, model yang diperoleh hanya menunjukkan pola pola perubahan, melainkan angka. Eksperimen menggunakan spektroskopi emisi inframerah dilaksanakan untuk mengukur radiasi benda hitam dari sampel baja ringan, baja tahan karat, serta alumunium saat mereka mengalami korosi pada temperature tinggi. Eksperimen ini diikuti dengan membelah sampel dan melakukan analisis komponen menggunakan Mikroskop Elektron. Pada tahap ini telah dikonfirmasi bahwa korosi tahap awal terdeteksi. Dalam validasi dan verifikasi data agar dapat digunakan dalam model, eksperimen Light Flash Apparatus (LFA) serta analisa mikrosop elekreon dilaksanakan untuk memperoleh data lengkap mengenai komposisi dan properti sampel.

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Experiments were run utilising Infrared Emission Spectroscopy (IES) as a tool to produce a thermal model, aiming to identify early stages of metal corrosion under operating temperatures. In turn, determining the feasibility of this technology to for use in corrosion identification. Due to experimental limitations, model produced only determined patterns that exhibit the presence of corrosion instead of an exact numerical representation. An Infrared Emission Spectroscopy (IES) experiment was conducted to measure the blackbody radiation emitted by mild steel, stainless steel and aluminium metallic samples as they corrode at high temperatures. A post processing method was then undertaken to section and embed the corroded samples in a solid resin for elemental composition analysis under an Electron Scanning Microscope. Concluding the completion of an initial array of experimentation, the utilised experimental methods have resulted in the detection of early stage corrosion. Therefore, to validate and verify data that can be utilised for construction of a computational model by utilising further SEM and Light Flash Apparatus (LFA) experimentation to gather additional details on the elemental and thermal properties of the corroded samples to develop the theoretical model."