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"This book addresses the possibilities and challenges in mimicking biological membranes and creating membrane-based sensor and separation devices. Recent advances in developing biomimetic membranes for technological applications will be presented with focus on the use of integral membrane protein mediated transport for sensing and separation."

"A significant proportion of modern medical technology has been developed through biomimetics, which is biologically inspired by studying pre-existing functioning systems in nature. Typical biomimetically inspired biomaterials include nano-biomaterials, smart biomaterials, hybrid biomaterials, nano-biocomposites, hierarchically porous biomaterials and tissue scaffolds. This important book summarises key research in this important field.The book is divided into two parts, part one is devoted to the biomimetics of biomaterials themselves while part two provides overviews and case studies of tissue engineering applications from a biomimetics' perspective. The book has a strong focus on cutting edge biomimetically inspired biomaterials including chitin, hydrogels, calcium phosphates, biopolymers and anti-thrombotic coatings. Since many scaffolds for skin tissue engineering are biomimetically inspired, the book also has a strong focus on the biomimetics of tissue engineering in the repair of bone, skin, cartilage, soft tissue and specific organs.With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Biomimetic biomaterials is a standard reference for both the biomaterials research community and clinicians involved in such areas as bone regeneration, skin tissue and wound repair."

"Mixed budidaya ion-elektronik (MIEC) membran telah dipelajari untuk dekade karena kemampuan mereka untuk memisahkan oksigen dari udara pada suhu tinggi. ItuKepentingan utama muncul dari energi dan biaya persyaratan rendah berspekulasi, saat diintegrasikan ke stasiun listrik tenaga batubara, dibandingkan dengan distilasi kriogenik. Tujuan dari proyek ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi kelayakan menggunakan membran MIEC untuk pabrik gas combined cycle oksigen bara menggunakan proses simulasi Suite Aspen Plus (V8.2). produksi oksigen pertama kali dimodelkan secara terpisah untuk sistem memproduksi 150 kg / s oksigen murni, yang diperlukan energi 111,88 MW (84,72 MW sebagai pekerjaan dan 27,16 MW sebagai panas). persyaratan kompresi bisa diimbangi oleh memperluas udara O2-habis melalui turbin menghasilkan energi 35,33 MW. Ituproses produksi oksigen kemudian diintegrasikan dengan pabrik gas combined cycle di berbagai konfigurasi, dengan konfigurasi terbaik kembali efisiensi ~ 27%. Ini merupakan penurunan 13% dalam efisiensi secara keseluruhan, yang 6,5% lebih buruk daripada jika distilasi kriogenik yang diperlukan. Kendala utama adalah menyeimbangkan integrasi panas terhadap persyaratan kompresi. Proyek ini telah mengalami beberapa modifikasi dan perbaikan selama proses pemodelan; bahkan, untuk menerapkan desain untuk aplikasi nyata memerlukan penelitian lebih lanjut.

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Mixed ionic electronic conducting MIEC membranes have been studied for decades for their ability to separate oxygen from air at high temperatures. The main interest arises from the speculated lower energy and cost requirements when integrated into a coal fired power station as compared to cryogenic distillation. The aims of this project are to evaluate the feasibility of using MIEC membranes for an oxygen fired combined cycle gas plant using the process simulation suite Aspen Plus V8 2 Oxygen production was first modelled separately for a system producing 150 kg s pure oxygen which required 111.88 MW energy 84.72 MW as work and 27.16 MW as heat. Compression requirements could be offset by expanding the O2 depleted air through a turbine producing 35.33 MW energy. The oxygen production process was then integrated with a combined cycle gas plant in a variety of configurations with the best configuration returning an efficiency of 27 This represents a 13 reduction in overall efficiency which was 6.5 worse than if cryogenic distillation was required. The main obstacle is balancing the heat integration against compression requirements. The project has undergone several modification and improvements during the modelling process moreover to implement the design to the real application needs further study."

"Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) adalah material komposit yang terbuat dari polimer yang terisi dengan material pengisi. MMM digunakan secara luas dalam proses pemisahan gas, seperti memisahkan CO2 dari N2. Namun, MMM yang dimuat dengan padatan berpori diketahui memiliki trade-off permeabilitas-selektivitas, yang berarti, peningkatan permeabilitas gas pada membran menyebabkan selektivitas gas yang lebih rendah. Para peneliti menemukan cara untuk meningkatkan kinerja MMM. Tujuan dari proyek ini adalah untuk menyelidiki potensi kelebihan dari MMM berbasis poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA) dan polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1) yang dimuat dengan cairan berpori dibandingkan dengan MMM yang dimuat padatan berpori dan membran murni. Aglomerasi MMM, permeabilitas CO2, dan selektivitas CO2/N2 diamati melalui uji karakterisasi menggunakan XRD, FTIR, dan TGA. Uji selektivitas dan permeabilitas dilakukan menggunakan welded gas rig. Lima bahan padat berpori (UiO-66-OH, phloroglucinol-based porous organic framework (POF), SNW-1, Aluminium Fumarate (AlFum) dan hollow silica (HS)) diimplementasikan untuk menjadi pengisi membran. Melalui uji karakterisasi (XRD, FTIR, TGA, SEM, DSC, BET, dan Pycnometer) dan pertimbangan model prediksi IAST, padatan berpori yang paling cocok dicairkan dan dimuat ke dalam membran. Hasillnya, MMM cair berpori mengalami pengurangan signifikan dalam aglomerasi, peningkatan permeabilitas CO2 dan peningkatan selektivitas CO2/N2 dibandingkan dengan membran murni dan MMM padat berpori. Temuan ini menegaskan keuntungan dari MMM cair berpori dalam pemisahan gas.

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Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) are composite materials made by embedding polymer with filler substances, and they are commonly used in gas separation processes, such as CO2 removal from N2. However, MMMs that contain porous solids typically exhibit a trade-off between permeability and selectivity, where increasing gas permeability reduces the membrane’s ability to selectively separate gases. To enhance the performance of MMMs, researchers are exploring different approaches. This project aims to examine the benefits of MMMs made from poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA) and polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1), which are loaded with porous liquids, compared to MMMs loaded with porous solids and neat membranes. The study evaluates membrane agglomeration, CO2 permeability, and CO2/N2 selectivity through characterization methods like XRD, FTIR, and TGA, along with performance testing using a welded gas rig. The fillers used in the membranes include five porous solid materials: UiO-66-OH, a phloroglucinol-based porous organic framework (POF), SNW-1, Aluminium Fumarate (AlFum), and hollow silica (HS). By conducting various tests (XRD, FTIR, TGA, SEM, DSC, BET, and pycnometer) and considering the IAST prediction model, the most suitable porous solid is then liquefied and incorporated into the membrane. The results show that the use of porous liquids in MMMs reduces agglomeration and significantly improves CO2 permeability and CO2/N2 selectivity compared to MMMs containing porous solids and neat membranes. These findings highlight the potential advantages of porous liquid MMMs for gas separation applications."

"Biofuel generasi kedua berbahan dasar limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit menjadi isu yang menarik untuk mengatasi kelangkaan energi, namun proses pemurnian etanol ? air menjadi kendala utama sebab keduanya membentuk campuran azeotropik. Pemisahan etanol - air dengan teknologi membran merupakan teknologi separasi yang sedang dikembangkan karena hemat energi, efisien dan efektif untuk diaplikasikan dalam skala besar. Membran yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah membran GVHP, PBTK, LSW, dan GSWP yang diproduksi Merck Millipore dengan variasi kondisi operasi yaitu volume permeate, suhu, tekanan, dan konsentrasi. Dari penelitian ini membran GVHP menunjukkan hasil terbaik dengan faktor separasi sebesar 3,03 dan permeabilitas 0,015 g cm-2 s-1 pada kondisi operasivolume permeate 10 mL, suhu 75°C, tekanan 60 psi, dan konsentrasi etanol 20% v/v. Penerapan membran GVHP untuk separasi bioetanol dari TKKS menunjukkan faktor separasi terhadap etanol sebesar 3,66, namun dengan faktor separasi terbesar ditunjukkan terhadap propanol 5,44 serta rejection asam asetat sebesar 96,66%. Berdasarkan analisis FE SEM membran GVHP menunjukkan degree of swelling terkecil sehingga teknologi membran GVHP ini efektif untuk memisahkan suspensi Saccharomyces cerevisiae hasil fermentasi tandan kosong kelapa sawit.

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Second Generation of Biofuel based on empty fruit buncheshas been interesting issue to be developed in order to overcome the extinction of non-renewable energy, however the purification of ethanol ? water becomes the main problem since both of them form azeotrope. Separation ethanol ? water using membrane technology is in demand separation technology due to the low energy requirement, effectiveness, and efficiency to be applicable in industrial scale. Membranes that are used in this research are GVHP, PBTK, LSW, and GSWP which are produced by Merck Millipore with variation of operation conditions such as permeate volume, temperature, pressure, and concentration.

The best result of ethanol - water separation is shown by GVHP membrane with separation factor 3.03 and permeability 0,015 g cm-2 s-1in the condition operation permeate volume 10 mL, temperature 75°C, pressure 60 psi, andethanolconcentration 20% v/v. Furthermore the usage of GVHP membrane to purify bioethanol from empty bunches results separation factor toward ethanol 3.66 while the biggest separation factor is owned by toward propanol 5.44 so as the rejection factor of acetic acid is 96,66%. Based on the FE SEM analysis to GVHP membrane, GVHP membrane did the least degree of swelling among others hence this technology is effective to separate Saccharomycess cerevisiae suspension from empty fruit bunches fermentation."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai perancangan dan pengujian alat pemisah objek berwarna yang menggunakan sensor LDR sebagai sensor warna yang ekonomis dan mudah dirangkai. Menggunakan motor servo sebagai aktuator gerak untuk jalur pemilih agar objek diarahkan kedalam wadah, digunakan LCD untuk tampilan untuk warna yang sedang menampilkan jenis warna yang terdeteksi.Sebuah motor DC digunakan untuk membuka dan menutup alur alat memilih, motor DC kedua digunakan sebagai aktuator untuk mengaduk wadah agar objek dalam wadah dapat turun kebawah akibat gaya gravitasi. Alat ini menggunakan sebuah mikrokontroler ATMega 8535 sebagai pusat pemproses seluruh kerja alat ini.

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This skripsi discusses a designof an coloured - object separator, it is design using a colour sensor, the LDR is used as an economical and easy to assemble colour sensor. Having a servo motor as the actuator controls the motion of the separator lane to the appropriate designated coloursboxes, an LCD for display to show the colour object at separator box, one of dc motor is used to control the opening of the lid to the seperator lane, another dc motor is used for rotation of the stirres so the object can move downward to the lane due to gravitation. The design uses ATMega8535 Microcontroller as teh center of process all the activities in the system."