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"A state-of-the-art description of metastability observed in chalcogenide alloys is presented with the accent on the underlying physics. A comparison is made between sulphur(selenium)-based chalcogenide glasses, where numerous photo-induced phenomena take place entirely within the amorphous phase, and tellurides where a reversible crystal-to-amorphous phase-change transformation is a major effect. Applications of metastability in devices optical memories and nonvolatile electronic phase-change random-access memories among others are discussed, including the latest trends. Background material essential for understanding current research in the field is also provided."

"This book explores the recent advances in designing and synthesizing one- and two-dimensional metal chalcogenide nanostructures, along with their practical applications, helping readers understand what has happened, and what is currently happening in the field of nanotechnology. It also includes a comprehensive table showing 1D and 2D nanostructured metal chalcogenides, which presents the recent developments from a synthetic point of view. Further, it describes the wide applicability of anisotropic metal chalcogenides, such as in electronics, energy storage and conversion, and sensors. Lastly it discusses the current understanding of the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects associated with the forming mechanisms of anisotropic metal chalcogenide nanostructures."

"Predictive theories of phenomena involving phase change with applications in engineering are investigated in this volume, e.g. solid-liquid phase change, volume and surface damage, and phase change involving temperature discontinuities. Many other phase change phenomena such as solid-solid phase change in shape memory alloys and vapor-liquid phase change are also explored. Modeling is based on continuum thermo-mechanics. This involves a renewed principle of virtual power introducing the power of the microscopic motions responsible for phase change. This improvement yields a new equation of motion related to microscopic motions, beyond the classical equation of motion for macroscopic motions. The new theory sensibly improves the phase change modeling. For example, when warm rain falls on frozen soil, the dangerous black ice phenomenon can be comprehensively predicted. In addition, novel equations predict the evolution of clouds, which are themselves a mixture of air, liquid water and vapor."

"Semenjak kecil, anak-anak perempuan di seluruh dunia sudah mengenal dan terbiasa dengan boneka Barbie. Tidak hanya anak perempuan, perempuan dewasa pun senang bermain dan mengoleksi. Namun, beberapa orang lebih tertarik untuk menjadi manusia Barbie dibandingkan menjadi “cantik” atau “keren” dengan gayanya sendiri. Penelitian ini akan menjelaskan tentang fenomena manusia Barbie dan efek dari fenomena ini berdasarkan beberapa konsep kemanusiaan dan feminitas. Penelitian ini juga akan menunjukkan bagaimana Valeria Lukyanova dan Justin Jedlica merubah diri mereka menjadi manusia Barbie dan apakah yang mempengaruhi mereka sehingga merubah diri mereka menjadi “Barbie look alike”. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan penjelasan mengapa beberapa orang berkeinginan untuk merubah dirinya menjadi manusia Barbie. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga akan membahas konstruksi sosial apa yang membuat manusia Barbie ini merubah penampilan mereka. Berdasarkan konsep identitas dan konstruksi kecantikan di masyarakat, penelitian ini akan menganalisa alasan manusia Barbie merubah penampilan menjadi seperti Barbie.

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From early childhood on, especially for almost the entire girl in the world, Barbie is well-known as girls' toy. Barbie is a doll that almost all of the girls, even an adult, like to play and collect it. However, some people tend to be like Barbie doll instead of being a “normal” people. This study will explain about human Barbie phenomena and the effect of this phenomena towards some concepts of humanity and feminism. This study also shows how Valeria Lukyanova and Justin Jedlica become human Barbie and what kind of society and life that affect them to become Barbie look alike. The purpose of this research is to give the explanation why people want to change their identity into a Barbie. Thus, what kind of social construction that makes those people change their appearance into a Barbie look alike. Based on identity concept and social construction of beauty, this paper analyzes why the human Barbie changes their appearance into a Barbie."

"The objective of the present study is to investigate numerically the problem of melting phase change material (PCM) containing paraffin where one of the area interfaces moves with time and wherein the result of the fusion between the coupling in the solid phase conduction and convection in the liquid phase, then processes the effect of integration of the material in the walls of the building in order to increase its thermal inertia to validate the result ,we will study the numerically transient and performance of a fixed bed filled with uniform spheres, randomly arranged and each containing a (PCM). So we use a two-dimensional theoretical model applied in two separate phases; it was used to predict the temperature distribution of the fluid and the fusible material along the bed in the energy storage method."