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"Redo cardiac surgeries are challenging cases with a myriad of influential factors, ranging from the patient's pathology to the whimsy of the previous surgeon. Redo Cardiac Surgery in Adults, 2nd Edition clearly outlines practical approaches, surgical techniques, and management of associated conditions such as perioperative stroke and acute kidney function. It covers the spectrum of redo cardiac operations, including coronary artery bypass, mitral valve repair, reoperation for prosthetic mitral valve endocarditis, aortic arch reoperation, descending and thoracoabdominal aortic reoperation, and reoperations following endovascular aortic repair. All redo cardiac surgeries present a complex array of challenges beyond what the original procedure demands. "
New York: Springer, 2012
e20426022
eBooks  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Adi Radityo Prabowo
"Latar Belakang : Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) adalah penyebab penting morbiditas dan mortalitas perioperatif pasien usia lanjut yang menjalani operasi non kardiak. Geriatric Sensitive Cardiac Risk Index diketahui memiliki akurasi yang baik dalam memprediksi kejadian henti jantung dan infark miokardium pada usia lanjut yang menjalani operasi non kardiak. Namun, belum pernah dilakukan uji performa index tersebut di Indonesia dengan perbedaan karakteristik usia dan komorbiditas yang berbeda.
Tujuan: Mengetahui performa index GSCRI dalam memprediksi kejadian MACE (Major Adverse Cardiac Event) pada pasien usia lanjut yang menjalani operasi non kardiak dengan karakteristik usia lanjut pada populasi geriatri Indonesia.
Metode : Studi retrospektif berbasis uji prognostik dengan data rekam medis pasien usia > 60 tahun yang menjalani operasi non kardiak di poliklinik perioperatif dan rawat Inap Gedung A yang menjalani operasi pada tahun 2021-2022 di RSCM dengan memasukkan data-data determinan sesuai kalkulator GSCRI dengan luaran berupa persentase kejadian dan dilihat luaran berupa henti jantung dan infark miokardium pasca operasi. Studi ini dianalisa dengan uji diskriminasi dengan Area Under the Curve (AUC).
Hasil : Analisa dilakukan pada 225 subjek dengan median usia 65 tahun dengan proporsi MACE sebesar 3.1% (7 subjek) yang mengalami kejadian MACE pasca pembedahan non kardiak. Performa diskriminasi yang baik (AUC 0.888, IK95% 0.831-0.944).
Kesimpulan : Index GSCRI memiliki performa diskriminasi baik dalam memprediksi kejadian MACE pasien usia lanjut yang menjalani pembedahan non kardiak.

Background : Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACEs) is an important cause of perioperative morbidity and mortality in elderly patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. The Geriatric Sensitive Cardiac Risk Index is known to have good accuracy in predicting cardiac arrest and myocardial infarction in the elderly undergoing non-cardiac surgery. However, this performance index has never been tested in Indonesia with different age characteristics and different comorbidities.
Objective: We aimed to determine the performance of the GSCRI index predicting the incidence of MACE (Major Adverse Cardiac Event) in elderly patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery with elderly characteristics in the Indonesian geriatric population.
Methods : Retrospective study based on prognostic test with medical record data of patients aged > 60 years who underwent non-cardiac surgery at the perioperative outpatient and inpatient who underwent surgery in 2021-2022 at RSCM by entering determinant data according to the GSCRI calculator with outcomes form of cardiac arrest and myocardial infarction postoperative. This study was analyzed by discrimination test with Area Under the Curve (AUC).
Results : The analysis was carried out on 225 subjects with an median age of 65 years with a proportion of MACE of 3.1% (7 subjects) who experienced MACE events after non-cardiac surgery. GSCRI had good discrimination performance (AUC 0.888, CI95% 0.831-0.944).
Conclusion: GSCRI index has good discriminatory performance in predicting the incidence of MACE in elderly patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.
"
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2023
SP-pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Eunike Ita Susanti Pramono Widjojo
"Latar belakang: Operasi jantung membutuhkan larutan kardioplegia untuk menghentikan jantung. Saat ini sebagian besar larutan kardioplegia menggunakan mekanisme depolarisasi membran yang berisiko menyebabkan gangguan keseimbangan ion transmembran, aritmia, vasokonstriksi koroner, gangguan kontraktilitas, dan sindrom curah jantung rendah. Menunjukkan proteksi miokardium masih belum optimal. Henti jantung melalui polarisasi membran secara teori dapat memberikan proteksi miokardium yang lebih baik.
Tujuan: Diketahui kualitas proteksi miokardium henti jantung terpolarisasi dibandingkan dengan henti jantung terdepolarisasi.
Metode: Tinjauan sistematik dengan menerapkan protokol PRISMA-P. Data didapatkan melalui pencarian dalam basis data Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, dan Embase.
Hasil: Dari penelusuran diperoleh empat studi yang memenuhi kriteria. Tiga studi dengan desain uji acak terkontrol, satu studi dengan desain kohort retrospektif. Jumlah sampel bervariasi dari 60 sampai 1000 subjek. Kualitas proteksi miokardium dinilai dari kejadian aritmia pascaoperasi, infark miokardium pascaoperasi, dan sindrom curah jantung rendah pascaoperasi. Satu studi melaporkan angka kejadian aritmia pascaoperasi yang lebih rendah secara bermakna pada kelompok henti jantung terpolarisasi (p 0,010). Tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna pada kejadian infark miokardium pascaoperasi. Tiga studi melaporkan angka kejadian sindrom curah jantung rendah pascaoperasi yang lebih rendah pada kelompok henti jantung terpolarisasi namun tidak bermakna secara statistik.
Kesimpulan: Henti jantung terpolarisasi berpotensi memberikan kualitas proteksi miokardium yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan henti jantung terdepolarisasi.

Background: Cardioplegia is needed in cardiac surgery to arrest the heart to achieve a quiet and bloodless field. Depolarized cardiac arrest is widely used despite the risk of ionic imbalances, arrhythmias, coronary vasoconstriction, contractility dysfunction, and low cardiac output syndrome leading to suboptimal myocardial protection. Polarized cardiac arrest has a more physiological mechanism to arrest the heart, thus giving better cardioprotection qualities.
Objective: To assess the myocardial protection quality of polarized cardiac arrest compared with depolarized cardiac arrest.
Method: Systematic review with PRISMA-P protocol. The literature search was performed using Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Embase databases.
Result: Three randomized controlled trials and one retrospective cohort study were identified, with sample sizes varied between 60 to 1000 subjects. The quality of myocardial protection was assessed from postoperative arrhythmias, postoperative myocardial infarction, and postoperative low cardiac output syndrome. One study reported significantly lower postoperative arrhythmias in the polarized arrest group (p 0.010). There were no differences in postoperative myocardial infarction between the two intervention groups. Three studies reported lower postoperative low cardiac output syndrome in the polarized arrest group although not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Polarized cardiac arrest may give better myocardial protection than depolarized cardiac arrest.
"
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2023
SP-Pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Vera Citra Setiawan Hoei
"Latar belakang: Sindrom curah jantung rendah (low cardiac output syndrome, LCOS) merupakan salah satu morbiditas yang terjadi pascaoperasi jantung terbuka. Angka kejadian LCOS pada pasien pascaoperasi sebanyak 25–65%, sehingga diperlukannya suatu penanda biologis praoperatif untuk menilai keadaan pembedahan yang optimal. NT-proBNP merupakan suatu biomarker yang berpotensi digunakan dalam diagnosis, tata laksana dan prognosis pada populasi pediatrik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi peran NT-proBNP sebagai faktor prediktor terhadap kejadian LCOS pascabedah jantung terbuka.
Metode: Studi longitudinal dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Jantung dan Pembuluh Darah Harapan Kita dalam periode November 2018 hingga Maret 2020 dengan merekrut subjek di bawah usia 18 tahun yang menjalani operasi korektif kelainan jantung bawaan. Kadar NT-proBNP prabedah diambil dan dianalisis terhadap kejadian LCOS pascaoperasi.
Hasil: Terdapat 159 subjek dilibatkan sebagai subjek penelitian. Angka kejadian LCOS pascaoperasi sebanyak 23,9%. Median NT-proBNP prabedah berbeda bermakna antara pasien yang mengalami LCOS dengan pasien yang tidak mengalami LCOS (1592 pg/mL vs. 227 pg/mL; p = 0,001). Nilai cut-off NT-proBNP prabedah terhadap kejadian LCOS pascaoperasi adalah 400 pg/mL, dengan sensitivitas 78,95%, spesifisitas 64,46%, positive predictive value 41,10%, negative predictive value 90,70% dan diagnostic accuracy 67,92%.
Simpulan: NT-proBNP prabedah dapat dijadikan faktor prediktor terhadap kejadian LCOS pascaoperasi jantung terbuka. Nilai cut-off NT-proBNP prabedah terhadap luaran LCOS pascaoperasi adalah 400 pg/mL.

Background: Low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) is a common morbidity following open heart surgery in pediatric population. The incidence of postoperative LCOS range from 25 to 65%, indicating the needs for preoperative tool to evaluate optimum condition prior to surgery. NT-proBNP is a biomarker that has potential in diagnosis, management, and prognosis in pediatric population. This study aims to evaluate the role of NT-proBNP as predictive factor for LCOS following cardiac surgery.
Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted in Harapan Kita National Heart Center between November 2018 and March 2020. We recruited subjects below 18 years old who underwent corrective cardiac surgery. NT-proBNP was obtained preoperatively and analyzed for postoperative LCOS.
Results: A total of 159 subjects were enrolled. The incidence of postoperative LCOS was 23.9%. The median of preoperative NT-proBNP was found to be significantly higher in patients experiencing LCOS compared to that of patients without LCOS (1592 pg/mL vs. 227 pg/mL; p = 0.001). The cut-off value for preoperative NT-proBNP to determine postoperative LCOS was 400 pg/mL with sensitivity of 78.95%, specificity of 64.46%, positive predictive value of 41.10%, negative predictive value of 90.70% and diagnostic accuracy of 67.92%.
Conclusions: Preoperative NT-proBNP can be used as predictor for postoperative LCOS following cardiac surgery. The cut-off value of preoperative NT-proBNP in determining postoperative LCOS was found to be 400 pg/mL.
"
Depok: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2020
T-Pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Subhan Rumoning
"ABSTRAK
Nama : Subhan RumoningProgram Studi : Ilmu Penyakit DalamJudul : Durasi Operasi sebagai Prediktor Komplikasi Paru Pasca Operasi Non Kardiak di RSCM Latar belakang : Di Indonesia, sebanyak 18,4 pasien yang menjalani operasi non-kardiak di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo Indonesia mengalami Komplikasi Paru Pasca Operasi Post-operative Pulmonary Complication/PPC . Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan durasi operasi memiliki hubungan dengan PPC. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan durasi operasi sebagai prediktor kejadian komplikasi gagal napas dan pneumonia dalam 30 hari pasca operasi. Metode : Penelitian menggunakan desain kohort retrospektif pada November 2016-Juli 2017 dengan data rekam medis pasien yang menjalani operasi di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo tahun 2012-2016. Sampel penelitian diambil dengan metode consecutive sampling yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eklusi, dilihat luarannya selama 30 hari pasca operasi. Hasil : Dari 102 pasien diketahui 58,8 perempuan, 35,5 41-50 tahun, 25,5 berpendidikan SMA, 34,3 tidak bekerja, 77,5 tidak mengalami penurunan berat badan, 80,4 tidak merokok, tidak ada yang memiliki riwayat PPOK, 61,8 anestesi umum, 64,7 operasi elektif dan 51,96 lokasi operasi di abdomen. Didapatkan 10,8 mengalami gagal napas dan 6,9 mengalami pneumonia. Dari analisis bivariat, durasi operasi tidak dapat digunakan sebagai prediktor kejadian gagal napas p 0,106; RR 3,56; CI 95 0,885 -14,280 maupun pneumonia p 0,701; RR 1,61; CI 95 0,342-7,601 . Kesimpulan : Durasi operasi tidak dapat digunakan sebagai prediktor tunggal dalam memprediksi kejadian komplikasi gagal napas maupun pneumonia pasca operasi.

ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Name Subhan Rumoning Study Program Internal MedicineTitle Duration of Surgery as a Predictor of Post operative Pulmonary Complications in Non cardiac Surgeries at RSCM Background In Indonesia, 18.4 patient done non cardiac surgery at RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo Indonesia had Post operative Pulmonary Complications PPC . Studies shown that duration of surgery associated with PPC. This study aims to know the role of duration of surgery as a predictor of respiratory failure and pneumonia in post operative patient during 30 days after surgery. Method This cohort retrospective study were conducted from November 2016 until July 2017 using medical records of patients who underwent surgery at RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo from 2012 until 2016. Samples were taken by consecutive sampling which fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria, and being followed up until 30 days after surgery. Result From 102 patients, 58.8 were females, 35.5 were 41 50 years old, 25.5 were high school graduated, 34.3 were not employed, 77.5 weren rsquo t having any weight reduction, 80.4 not smoking, none had COPD, 61.8 underwent general anesthesia, 64.7 underwent elective surgery and 51,96 operation site in abdomen. From all samples, 10.8 had respiratory failure and 6.9 had pneumonia. From bivariate analysis, duration of surgery can rsquo t be a predictor of either with respiratory failure p 0,106 RR 3,56 CI 95 0,885 14,280 or pneumonia p 0,701 RR 1,61 CI 95 0,342 7,601 . Conclusion . Duration of surgery can rsquo t be a single predictor to predict respiratory failure and pneumonia as PPC"
2018
T-Pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Indah Kartika Murni
"[ABSTRAK
Latar belakang: Luaran pasca-bedah jantung penting diketahui untuk menilai kinerja pelayanan bedah jantung anak, sehingga kualitas pelayanan dapat ditingkatkan.
Tujuan: Mengetahui luaran jangka pendek (mortalitas, komplikasi pasca-bedah berat lain, dan komplikasi pasca-bedah yang berat) pada anak yang dilakukan bedah jantung. Selain itu, ingin mengetahui faktor risiko terjadinya komplikasi berat pasca-bedah jantung dan membuat sistem skor dari faktor-faktor risiko tersebut.
Metode: Setiap anak dengan penyakit jantung yang dilakukan operasi jantung di RSUPN Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta sejak April 2014 sampai Maret 2015 diikuti setiap hari sampai pasien pulang atau meninggal. Data demografis, mortalitas, morbiditas atau komplikasi pasca-bedah jantung, dan faktor risiko terjadinya morbiditas pasca-operasi yang berat diambil dari rekam medis. Pasien yang sudah pulang dari rumah sakit, dalam waktu 30 hari pasca-operasi dihubungi untuk mendapatkan data kondisi pasien dalam waktu tersebut (hidup atau meninggal).
Hasil: Selama penelitian didapatkan 258 anak dilakukan bedah jantung. PJB terbanyak yang dilakukan bedah jantung adalah ventricle septal defect (28,7%) dan tetralogy of Fallot (24,4%). Komplikasi pasca-bedah jantung terjadi pada 217 (84,1%) anak dan komplikasi berat terjadi pada 49 anak (19%). Komplikasi pasca-bedah jantung terbanyak adalah hipokalsemia pada 163 (63,2%) anak, hiperglikemia 159 (61,6%), low cardiac output syndrome 52 (20,2%), aritmia 48 (18,6%), sepsis 45 (17,4%), dan efusi pleura 39 (15,1%). Komplikasi berat meliputi in-hospital mortality terjadi pada 33 (12,7%) anak dan mortalitas dalam waktu 30 hari pasca-bedah jantung terjadi pada 35 (13,6%) anak, henti jantung 13 (5%), operasi jantung ulang 10 (3,9%), dan gagal organ multipel 19 (7,4%). Faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan meningkatnya komplikasi pasca-bedah jantung yang berat adalah peningkatan kadar laktat darah [OR 30,7 (IK 95% 8,1-117,6)], PJB sianotik [OR 4,4 (IK 95% 1,2-15,8), dan pemakaian inotropik yang tinggi [OR 7,8 (IK 95% 1,6-38,9)]. Skor faktor risiko ≥ 3 mampu memprediksi anak yang mengalami komplikasi berat pasca-bedah jantung dengan sensitivitas skor 93,9% dan spesifisitas skor 84,2%, dan area di bawah kurva receiver operating characteristic (ROC) adalah 0,94.
Simpulan: Mortalitas di rumah sakit pasca-bedah jantung anak sebesar 12,7% dan mortalitas 30 hari pasca-bedah 13,6%. Komplikasi berat lain pasca-bedah 13,6%. Faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan meningkatnya komplikasi pasca-bedah jantung yang berat adalah peningkatan kadar laktat darah, PJB sianotik, dan pemakaian inotropik tinggi pasca-bedah jantung. Skor faktor risiko ≥ 3 mampu memprediksi anak yang mengalami komplikasi berat pasca-bedah jantung dengan sensitivitas skor 93,9% dan spesifisitas skor 84,2%.

ABSTRACT
Background: Outcome of children with cardiac surgery is important to evaluate the performance of cardiac surgery program. Identifying the risk factors for major adverse events after cardiac surgery is also important to improve patient care.
Objective: To evaluate the incidence of short-term outcome in children after cardiac surgery, including mortality, complication or morbidity, major complications, and the risk factors associated with major adverse events (major complications) at the Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted from April 2014 until March 2015. All children conducted cardiac surgery, were monitored from the time the cardiac surgery performed until patients were discharged or deceased. During the follow up of all recruited patients, factors associated with the risk of developing major adverse events were identified.
Results: A total of 258 patients were recruited during the study period. Of the total, 134 (51.9%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 53.3±3.8 months. Among the patients, 217 (84.1%) had complications. The most complications occurred after cardiac surgery were hypocalcaemia in 163 (63.2%), hyperglycemia in 159 (61.6%), low cardiac output syndrome in 52 (20.2%), arrhythmia in 48 (18.6%), sepsis in 45 (17.4%), and pleural effusion in 39 (15.1%) children. Further, 49 (19%) of recruited patients had major adverse events (major complications), including in-hospital mortality in 33 (12.7%) and 30-day mortality in 35 (13.6%), cardiac arrest in 13 (5%), the need for re-operation in 10 (3.9%), and multiple organ failure in 19 (7.4%) children. Factors associated with the occurrence of major complications were increase in blood lactate [OR 30.7 (95% CI 8.1-117.6)], cyanotic congenital heart disease [OR 4.4 (95% CI 1.2-15.8), and high inotropes on leaving operating room [OR 7.8 (95% CI 1.6-38.9)]. Risk factor score ≥3 could predict major complications after cardiac surgery with sensitivity of 93.9% and specificity of 84.2%, and area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.94.
Conclusion: In-hospital mortality after paediatric cardiac surgery at Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital is 12,7% and 30-day mortality is 13,6%. Increase in blood lactate, cyanotic congenital heart disease, and high inotropes on leaving operating room are associated with mortality and other major complications in children following cardiac surgery. Risk score ≥ 3 can predict the development of major complication in children after cardiac surgery with sensitivity 93,9% and specificity 84,2%.;Background: Outcome of children with cardiac surgery is important to evaluate the performance of cardiac surgery program. Identifying the risk factors for major adverse events after cardiac surgery is also important to improve patient care.
Objective: To evaluate the incidence of short-term outcome in children after cardiac surgery, including mortality, complication or morbidity, major complications, and the risk factors associated with major adverse events (major complications) at the Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted from April 2014 until March 2015. All children conducted cardiac surgery, were monitored from the time the cardiac surgery performed until patients were discharged or deceased. During the follow up of all recruited patients, factors associated with the risk of developing major adverse events were identified.
Results: A total of 258 patients were recruited during the study period. Of the total, 134 (51.9%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 53.3±3.8 months. Among the patients, 217 (84.1%) had complications. The most complications occurred after cardiac surgery were hypocalcaemia in 163 (63.2%), hyperglycemia in 159 (61.6%), low cardiac output syndrome in 52 (20.2%), arrhythmia in 48 (18.6%), sepsis in 45 (17.4%), and pleural effusion in 39 (15.1%) children. Further, 49 (19%) of recruited patients had major adverse events (major complications), including in-hospital mortality in 33 (12.7%) and 30-day mortality in 35 (13.6%), cardiac arrest in 13 (5%), the need for re-operation in 10 (3.9%), and multiple organ failure in 19 (7.4%) children. Factors associated with the occurrence of major complications were increase in blood lactate [OR 30.7 (95% CI 8.1-117.6)], cyanotic congenital heart disease [OR 4.4 (95% CI 1.2-15.8), and high inotropes on leaving operating room [OR 7.8 (95% CI 1.6-38.9)]. Risk factor score ≥3 could predict major complications after cardiac surgery with sensitivity of 93.9% and specificity of 84.2%, and area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.94.
Conclusion: In-hospital mortality after paediatric cardiac surgery at Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital is 12,7% and 30-day mortality is 13,6%. Increase in blood lactate, cyanotic congenital heart disease, and high inotropes on leaving operating room are associated with mortality and other major complications in children following cardiac surgery. Risk score ≥ 3 can predict the development of major complication in children after cardiac surgery with sensitivity 93,9% and specificity 84,2%., Background: Outcome of children with cardiac surgery is important to evaluate the performance of cardiac surgery program. Identifying the risk factors for major adverse events after cardiac surgery is also important to improve patient care.
Objective: To evaluate the incidence of short-term outcome in children after cardiac surgery, including mortality, complication or morbidity, major complications, and the risk factors associated with major adverse events (major complications) at the Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted from April 2014 until March 2015. All children conducted cardiac surgery, were monitored from the time the cardiac surgery performed until patients were discharged or deceased. During the follow up of all recruited patients, factors associated with the risk of developing major adverse events were identified.
Results: A total of 258 patients were recruited during the study period. Of the total, 134 (51.9%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 53.3±3.8 months. Among the patients, 217 (84.1%) had complications. The most complications occurred after cardiac surgery were hypocalcaemia in 163 (63.2%), hyperglycemia in 159 (61.6%), low cardiac output syndrome in 52 (20.2%), arrhythmia in 48 (18.6%), sepsis in 45 (17.4%), and pleural effusion in 39 (15.1%) children. Further, 49 (19%) of recruited patients had major adverse events (major complications), including in-hospital mortality in 33 (12.7%) and 30-day mortality in 35 (13.6%), cardiac arrest in 13 (5%), the need for re-operation in 10 (3.9%), and multiple organ failure in 19 (7.4%) children. Factors associated with the occurrence of major complications were increase in blood lactate [OR 30.7 (95% CI 8.1-117.6)], cyanotic congenital heart disease [OR 4.4 (95% CI 1.2-15.8), and high inotropes on leaving operating room [OR 7.8 (95% CI 1.6-38.9)]. Risk factor score ≥3 could predict major complications after cardiac surgery with sensitivity of 93.9% and specificity of 84.2%, and area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.94.
Conclusion: In-hospital mortality after paediatric cardiac surgery at Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital is 12,7% and 30-day mortality is 13,6%. Increase in blood lactate, cyanotic congenital heart disease, and high inotropes on leaving operating room are associated with mortality and other major complications in children following cardiac surgery. Risk score ≥ 3 can predict the development of major complication in children after cardiac surgery with sensitivity 93,9% and specificity 84,2%.]"
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2015
T58651
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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William Stephenson Tjeng
"Latar belakang : Infeksi daerah operasi (IDO) merupakan salah satu infeksi terkait perawatan di rumah sakit, dan meningkatkan morbiditas, mortalitas dan biaya perawatan di rumah sakit. IDO pasca operasi jantung masih merupakan masalah serius. Prevalensi IDO pasca operasi jantung berkisar 0,25 sampai 6%. Banyak faktor risiko yang dapat meningkatkan kejadian IDO. Baik faktor risiko pre-operatif, peri-operatif, intra-operatif maupun pasca-operatif. Faktor usia, status nutrisi, tindakan transfusi, lama rawat inap sebelum dilakukan tindakan dan ketepatan pemberian antibiotik profilaksis dapat menjadi faktor risiko yang memengaruhi kejadian IDO paska operasi jantung.
Tujuan : Mengetahui faktor-faktor risiko yang meningkatkan kejadian IDO operasi jantung anak dan kesintasan pada anak.
Metode : Penelitian kohort retrospektif dengan rancangan penelitian potong lintang yang mengalami IDO pada operasi jantung di RSCM. Data penelitian diambil dari rekam medis. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah usia, status nutrisi, tindakan transfusi, lama rawat inap pasien sebelum dilakukan tindakan operasi dan ketepatan pemberian antibiotik profilaksis terhadap kejadian IDO pasca operasi jantung. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisis dengan analisis univariat, bivariat dan analisis multivariat.
Hasil : Jumlah subyek yang direkrut sebesar 360 subyek, prevalensi IDO sebesar 13,8%. Faktor risiko usia tidak memengaruhi kejadian IDO dengan p=0,178 RR 0,54(0,217-1,327) pada kelompok umur 0-1 tahun, p=0,415 RR 0,72(0,331 – 1,578) pada kelompok usia 1-5 tahun dan p=0,205 RR 0,27(0,035 – 2,052) pada kelompok usia 5 – 10 tahun. Status nutrisi tidak memengaruhi kejadian IDO dengan p= 0,287 RR0,75(0,436-1,278). Lama rawat inap sebelum tindakan operasi tidak memengaruhi kejadian IDO dengan p=0,324 RR 0,772 (0,662-1,292). Ketepatan pemberian antibiotik profilaksis tidak memengaruhi kejadian IDO p=0,819 RR 1,011(0,918-1,114).
Simpulan : Faktor risiko usia, status nutrisi, lama rawat inap sebelum tindakan, ketepatan antibiotik profilaksis tidak memengaruhi kejadian IDO pada operasi jantung anak.

Background : Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the hospital associated infections, and increases morbidity, mortality and hospital care costs. SSI Post cardiac surgery is still a serious problem. The prevalence of SSI post cardiac surgery ranges from 0.25 to 6%. Many risk faktors can increase the incidence of IDO. Faktors such as age, nutritional status, transfusion , length of hospitalization before surgery and accuracy of prophylactic antibiotik administration can be risk faktors that affect the incidence of IDO after cardiac surgery.
Aime : to investigate the risk faktors in pediatric cardiac surgery that will increase the incidence of SSI and to improve the survival of the child after cardiac surgery.
Method : Retrospective cohort study with cross-sectional research design that undergoes Surgical site infection in cardiac surgery at RSCM. The research data is taken from medical records. The data collected are age, nutritional status, transfusion procedure, length of hospitalization of the patient before surgery and accuracy of prophylactic antibiotik administration against the incidence of postoperative SSI cardiac surgery. The data were then analyzed by univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis.Result : The number of subjects recruited was 360 subjects, the prevalence of SSI was 13.8%. Age risk factors did not affect the incidence of SSI with p=0.178 RR 0.54(0.217-1.327) in the age group 0-1 years, p=0.415 RR 0.72(0.331 – 1.578) in the age group 1-5 years and p=0.205 RR 0.27(0.035 – 2.052) in the age group 5 – 10 years. Nutrient status does not affect the incidence of SSI with p= 0.287 RR0.75(0.436-1.278). The length of hospitalization prior to surgery did not affect the incidence of SSI with p=0.324 RR 0.772 (0.662-1.292). The accuracy of prophylactic antibiotik administration did not affect the incidence of IDO p=0.819 RR 1.011(0.918-1.114).
Conclusion : risk faktors such as Age, nutritional status, length of hospitalization before treatment, accuracy of prophylactic antibiotiks do not affect the incidence of IDO in pediatric cardiac surgery.
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Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2023
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Konda Kinanti Muroso
"Sternotomi median saat ini merupakan akses utama untuk operasi jantung. Infeksi situs bedah (SSI) sternum adalah komplikasi yang menyusahkan dalam pembedahan jantung setelah median sternotomi. Insidensi SSI superfisial dan dalam pascaoperasi jantung bervariasi dari 1,3 hingga 12,8%. Bone wax adalah zat yang tidak dapat diserap dan diyakini bahwa bone wax dapat menyebabkan peradangan dan secara mekanis menghambat aktivitas osteoblastik, yang pada akhirnya dapat menyebabkan peningkatan risiko dehisensi sternum pascaoperasi. Selulosa Termodifikasi adalah alat pelindung sternum yang menutupi sternum setelah median sternotomi, dan memiliki perlindungan mekanis khusus yang mencegah lesi dan rasa sakit pascaoperasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi efektifitas Selulosa Termodifikasi dibandingkan dengan bone wax pada pasien pasca operasi jantung dalam mengurangi infeksi luka operasi pascaoperasi, efek hemostasis dari Selulosa Termodifikasi dibandingkan dengan bone wax, dan tingkat kepuasan para spesialis bedah
Metodologi: Studi ini merupakan uji klinis terandomisasi, tunggal, dan dilakukan di sentral tunggal. Studi dilakukan pada pasien dewasa yang dilakukan operasi bedah jantung, dan dibagi menjadi kelompok yang menggunakan Selulosa Termodifikasi dan kelompok yang menggunakan bone wax. Keluaran pascaoperasi yang dinilai adalah infeksi luka operasi, pendarahan intraoperatif dari sternum, dan tingkat kepuasaan spesialis bedah.
Hasil: Pasien pada kelompok Selulosa Termodifikasi memiliki infeksi luka operasi superifsial yang lebih rendah daripada kelompok bone wax, 2,9% vs 8,2%, p = 0,018. Kejadian infeksi luka operasi dalam juga lebih rendah pada kelompok Selulosa Termodifikasi dibandingkan kelompok bone wax, 1% vs 2,9%, p= 0,284 namun secara statistik tidak bermakna. Perdarahan sternum intraoperatif menunjukkan bahwa Selulosa Termodifikasi menyerap lebih banyak darah dibandingkan kelompok bone wax (84,97 ± 115,99 vs 81,18 ± 14,62, p = 0,012).
Kesimpulan: Selulosa Termodifikasi memiliki kejadian infeksi pascaoperasi dan jumlah pendarahan dari sternum yang lebih rendah secara bermakna. dibandingkan dengan bone wax.

Introduction: Median sternotomy is currently the main access for cardiac surgery. However, surgical site infection (SSI) of the sternum is a distressing complication in cardiac surgery after a median sternotomy. The incidence of postoperative superficial and deep SSI in cardiac surgery varies from 1.3 to 12.8%. In addition, bone wax is a nonabsorbable substance; it is believed that it may cause inflammation and mechanically inhibit osteoblastic activity, which may eventually lead to an increased risk of postoperative sternal dehiscence. Modified Cellulose is a sternal protection device that covers the sternum after median sternotomy, it has specific mechanical protection that prevents lesions on the sternum.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Modified Cellulose compared with bone wax in post-cardiac surgery patients in reducing surgical site infection, the hemostasis effect between Modified Cellulose compared with bone wax, and surgeons’ satisfaction.
Methods: This study was conducted on adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery, and were divided into groups using Modified Cellulose and groups using Bone wax. Postoperative outcomes assessed were surgical wound infection, the quantity of blood lost from the sternal edges in the treatment and control group , and the degree of surgeon satisfaction. This study is a randomized, single, clinical trial conducted in a single centre Results: Patients in Modified Cellulose group developed less superficial surgical site infection compared to bone wax group (2.9% vs 8.2%, p = 0.018). Deep surgical site infection is also lower in the Modified Cellulose group compared to the bone wax group (1% vs. 2.9%, p = 0.284) but not statistically significant. Intraoperative sternal bleeding showed that Modified Cellulose absorbed more than the sterile drapes in the bone wax group (84.97 ± 115.99 vs 81.18 ± 14.62, p = 0.012).
Conclusion: Modified Cellulose had a significantly lower incidence of postoperative infection and bleeding from the sternum compared to bone wax.
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Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2022
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Alfan Arief
"Latar belakang. Kejadian demam pascabedah jantung sering ditemukan akibat tindakan pembedahan maupun penggunaan mesin pintas jantung paru (PJP), demam tersebut sulit dibedakan antara demam akibat infeksi atau inflamasi. Penegakan diagnosa infeksi dengan pemeriksaan kultur membutuhkan waktu lama dan kadang tidak tumbuh bakteri. Prokalsitonin (PCT) diharapkan sebagai penanda infeksi tanpa harus menunggu hasil kultur.
Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai kadar PCT dapat membedakan demam infeksi dengan demam inflamasi pada pascabedah jantung.
Metode. Penelitian ini dikerjakan di Unit Pelayanan Jantung Terpadu RSCM, dengan subyek pasien dewasa pascabedah jantung terbuka dengan menggunakan mesin PJP diikuti selama lima hari adanya demam dengan suhu ≥ 37,8° C, tanda dan gejala infeksi. Semua subyek diperiksa PCT dan kultur darah sebelum pembedahan, hari pertama, kedua dan kelima pascabedah. Pemeriksaan kultur dikerjakan atas indikasi klinis adanya infeksi.
Hasil. Sebanyak 59 subyek pascabedah jantung menggunakan mesin PJP, terdapat dua subyek dropout (meninggal pada hari pertama dan kedua), 22 (37,28%) tidak demam, 32 (54,24%) demam inflamasi dan 5 (8,48%) demam infeksi. Infeksi ditemukan dari kultur sputum (Klebsiella pneumonie), hasil kultur darah, luka operasi, dan urin tidak ditemukan pertumbuhan bakteri. Didapatkan kadar PCT demam infeksi 13,48 ng/ ml dan demam inflamasi 6,90 ng/ ml.
Simpulan. Kadar PCT demam infeksi (13,48 ng/ ml) lebih tinggi daripada demam inflamasi (6,90 ng/ ml). Tidak ada beda kadar PCT demam infeksi dan demam inflamasi secara statistik dengan p adalah 0,371.

Background. Post cardiac surgery fevers usually caused by surgery itself or cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Difficulties to differentiated fever caused infection or inflammation. Bacterial culture to prove infections take a long time and sometimes the result is negative. Procalcitonin is sugested infection marker without wait for culture.
Goal. The aim of this study is to know procalcitonin level can differentiate fever cause infectious or inflammation.
Methods. This study performed at Integrated Cardiovascular Unit in RSCM, on adult patients who had open cardiac surgery with CPB, observed for temperature ≥ 37,8° C, sign and symptoms of infections, for 5 days. PCT levels and blood culture performed before surgery, first, second and 5th day after surgery. Culture from other sites performed as indicated.
Results. There are 59 have cardiac surgery with CPB, There are two subject dropout (died on 1st and 2nd days), 22 had no fever (37,28%), 32 had inflammation fever (54,24%) and 5 had infectious fever (8,48%). Infection confirmed by bronchial wash culture (Klebsiella pneumonie), no surgical wound infection, blood and urine culture were negative. We have PCT levels infectious group 13,48 ng/ ml and inflammation group 6,90 ng/ ml.
Conclussion. PCT levels infectious group (13,48 ng/ ml) higher than inflammation group (6,90 ng/ ml). Non parametric diagnostic Mann Whitney U test there are no significant differences of PCT levels between infectious and inflammation group, p=0,371.
"
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2014
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Julia Fitriany
"Latar belakang: Sepsis pascabedah jantung terbuka merupakan kondisi yang jarang terjadi tetapi memiliki mortalitas yang cukup tinggi. Gejala sepsis yang muncul pascabedah seringkali sulit dibedakan dengan kondisi inflamasi sistemik sehingga menimbulkan keterlambatan dalam menegakkan diagnosis maupun overtreatment pada pasien. Presepsin merupakan salah satu penanda sepsis yang mulai banyak digunakan terutama pada populasi dewasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peran presepsin dalam menegakkan diagnosis sepsis pascabedah jantung terbuka pada anak.
Tujuan: Untuk menguji performa diagnostik presepsin sebagai penanda sepsis pada anak pascabedahjantung terbuka dibandingkan dengan prokalsitonin (PCT).
Metode: Studi potong lintang terhadap 49 pasien anak pascabedah jantung terbuka yang dirawat di RSCM. Penelitian ini mencari nilai batas optimal presepsin untuk mendiagnosis sepsis pascabedah jantung terbuka pada anak yaitu pada hari pertama dan ketiga pascabedah, kemudian membandingkannya dengan prokalsitonin. Analisis kurva ROC dikerjakan untuk menentukan nilai batas optimal presepsin.
Hasil: Kadar presepsin hari pertama (T1) dan ketiga (T3) lebih tinggi pada subyek dengan sepsis daripada subyek yang tidak sepsis (median 415 pg/mL vs. 141,5 pg/mL pada hari pertama dan 624 pg/mL vs. 75,9 pg/mL pada hari ke tiga). Titik potong presepsin pada T1 dengan nilai 404 pg/mL memiliki performa untuk mendiagnosis sepsis dengan AUC 0,752 sedangkan presepsin T3 dengan nilai 203,5 pg/mL dengan AUC 0,945 yang lebih baik dibandingkan T1.
Simpulan: Presepsin dapat dijadikan suatu modalitas untuk memberikan nilai tambah dan pertimbangan bagi klinisi untuk menegakkan diagnosis sepsis pada pasien anak pascabedah jantung terbuka.

Background: Postoperative open-heart sepsis is a rare condition but has a fairly high mortality. Symptoms of sepsis that appear postoperatively are often difficult to distinguish from systemic inflammatory conditions, causing delays in establishing diagnosis and overtreatment in patients. Presepsin is one of the markers of sepsis that is starting to be widely used, especially in the adult population. This study is to identify the role of presepsin for diagnosing sepsis in post open-heart surgery in pediatric population.
Aim: To perform diagnostic test of presepsin as sepsis screening markers compares to procalcitonin (PCT) in post open-heart surgery.
Methods: Cross-sectional study of 49 postoperative open-heart pediatric patients treated at RSCM. This study looked for optimal cut-off values of presepsin for diagnosing open-heart postoperative sepsis in children on the first and third postoperative days, then compared it with procalcitonin. ROC curve analysis is performed to determine the optimal limit value of presepsin.
Result: First (T1) and third day (T3) PSP levels were higher in subjects with sepsis than non- sepsis (median 415 pg/mL vs. 141.5 pg/mL on first day and 624 pg/mL vs. 75.9 pg/mL on third day). ). T1 presepsin cut off 404 pg/ml had AUC of 0.772, while T3 presepsin cut off 203.5 og/ml had better AUC of 0.945. T3 is better for diagnosing sepsis.
Conclusion: Presepsin can be used as a modality to provide added value and consideration for clinicians to establish the diagnosis of sepsis in pediatric patients after open-heart surgery.
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Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2023
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UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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