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"This completely updated second edition of Radiation exposure and image quality in x-ray diagnostic radiology provides the reader with detailed guidance on the optimization of radiological imaging. The basic physical principles of diagnostic radiology are first presented in detail, and their application to clinical problems is then carefully explored. The final section is a supplement containing tables of data and graphical depictions of X-ray spectra, interaction coefficients, characteristics of X-ray beams, and other aspects relevant to patient dose calculations. In addition, a complementary CD-ROM contains a user-friendly Excel file database covering these aspects that can be used in the reader’s own programs. "

"Pada penelitian ini dilakukan penggabungan citra dari dua sumber energi yang berbeda berdasarkan kerangka kerja deep learning. Tujuannya untuk menghasilkan citra objek dengan material penyusun lebih dari satu yang lebih baik dan lebih informatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode yang diajukan dapat menghasilkan citra yang lebih minim noise, kontras yang baik, dan dapat mempertahankan struktur objek. Evaluasi kualitas citra menggunakan metrik objektif, seperti FMIdct, FMIpixel, FMIw, Nabf, dan SSIM, menunjukkan peningkatan dibandingkan dengan metode tradisional. Rata-rata nilai FMI yang lebih tinggi menunjukan bahwa keterkaitan informasi hasil fusi dengan kedua sumber lebih baik dibanding kedua metode pembanding. Nilai Nabf yang lebih rendah menunjukan noise yang muncul akibat dari proses fusi lebih minim dibanding kedua metode lainnya. Nilai SSIM pada hasil fusi menggunakan metode ini juga memiliki nilai yang lebih tinggi dibanding dengan kedua metode yang dibandingkan. Sampel yang memiliki rata-rata nilai metrik terbaik adalah busi dengan nilai tertinggi metrik evaluasi FMIdct adalah 2,96×10^(-1), nilai FMIpixel adalah 9,70×10^(-1), nilai FMIw adalah 3,69×10^(-1), nilai SSIM adalah 9,92×10^(-1), dan nilai Nabf terrendah adalah 3,82×10^(-3). Kesimpulannya, penelitian ini berhasil mengembangkan pendekatan baru dalam penggabungan citra CT menggunakan framework VGG19. Metode ini memiliki potensi untuk meningkatkan diagnosis dan analisis non-medis seperti pada evaluasi kualitas produksi pada industri manufaktur dengan menghasilkan citra yang lebih informatif dan akurat.

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In this research, images from two different energy sources are combined based on a deep learning framework. The goal is to produce better and more informative images of objects with more than one constituent material. The results show that the proposed method can produce images with less noise, good contrast, and can maintain the structure of the object. Evaluation of image quality using objective metrics, such as FMIdct, FMIpixel, FMIw, Nabf, and SSIM, shows improvement compared to traditional methods. The higher average FMI value indicates that the fused information is better related to the two sources than the two comparison methods. The lower Nabf value indicates that the noise arising from the fusion process is more minimal than the other two methods. The SSIM value in the fusion results using this method also has a higher value than the two methods compared. The sample that has the best average metric value is the spark plug with the highest value of FMIdct evaluation metric is 2.96×10-1, FMIpixel value is 9.70×10-1, FMIw value is 3.69×10-1, SSIM value is 9.92×10-1, and the lowest Nabf value is 3.82×10-3. In conclusion, this study successfully developed a new approach in CT image fusion using the VGG19 framework. This method has the potential to improve non-medical diagnosis and analysis such as production quality evaluation in the manufacturing industry by producing more informative and accurate images."

"This well-received book, now in its fifth edition, is unique in providing a detailed examination of the technological basis of radiation therapy. Another unique feature is that the chapters are jointly written by North American and European authors. This considerably broadens the book’s contents and increases its applicability in daily practice throughout the world. The book is divided into two sections. The first section covers basic concepts in treatment planning and explains the various approaches to radiation therapy, such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy, tomotherapy, stereotactic radiotherapy, and high and low dose rate brachytherapy. The second discusses in depth the practical clinical applications of the different radiation therapy techniques in a wide range of cancer sites. All chapters have been written by leaders in the field. "

"Telah dilakukan simulasi monte carlo untuk pesawat sinar-X dan komponen dengan spesilikasi tabung sinar-X YXLON YTU-320 D03. EGS/BEAMnrc digunakan sebagai program yang sesuai untuk simulasi monte carlo dalam penelitian ini. Proses simulasi monte carlo dibagi menjadi dua modul, modul pertama terdiri dari tabung sinar-X hingga shielding sinar-X dan modul kedua terdiri dari komponen additional filter hingga sistem filter HVL. BEAMDP digunakan untuk mendapatkan distribusi foton sehingga dapat ditentukan FWHM Serta homogenitas spektrum. Besar FWHMhasil simulasi monte carlo menunjukkan kesesuaian dengan perhitungan xcomp5r, khususnya pada tegangan tabung 150 kV. Metode pendekatan gralik digunakan untuk mencari hubungan antara FWHM terhadap koefisien homogenitas spektrum berdasarkan data Xcomp5r. Persamaan kurva digunakan untuk perhitungan koelisien homogenitas spektrum monte carlo. Dengan menggunakan FWHM, didapatkan koelisien homogenitas spektrum monte carlo. Koelisien homogenitas monte carlo yang didapat memiliki ketidakpastian kurang dari 2% terhadap koelisien homogenitas berdasarkan IAEA TRS No. 457 maupun xcomp5r. Hubungan antara FWHM terhadap koefisien homogenitas yang didapat menunjukkan fungsi polinomial.

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Have been studied Monte Carlo simulation of X-ray machine with its components based on specification of YXLON YTU - 320 D03 X-ray tube. EGS/BEAMnrc has used as an appropriate program for Monte Carlo simulation. In this study, Monte Carlo simulation divided into two modules: the first module consists of X-ray tube up to X-ray shielding and the second module consists of additional filter up to HVL filtration system. BEAMDP is used to find photon distribution for calculation of FWHM spectra and homogeneity coefficient. FWHM of Monte Carlo simulation has showed consistency with Xcomp5r calculation, especially when tube potential 150 kV is applied. The method of graph approximation is used to find relation between FWHM and coefficient of homogeneity based on Xcomp5r data. The coefficient of homogeneity of Monte Carlo simulation has been found by its relation. The difference of homogeneity coefficient between Monte Carlo simulation and xcomp5r or TRS No. 457 is less than 2%. The correlation between FWHM and homogeneity coefficient of X-ray spectra is polynomial function."

"Radiografer secara umum mempunyai tugas dan tanggung jawab untuk melakukan pemeriksaan pasien secara radiografi meliputi pemeriksaan untuk radiodiagnostik termasuk kedokteran nuklir dan ultrasonografi (USG) dan melakukan tindakan proteksi radiasi dalam mengoperasikan peralatan radiologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan memprakirakan risiko pajanan radiasi sinar-X pada pekerja radiasi di Departemen Radiologi RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Dalam perhitungan prakiraan risiko pajanan radiasi sinar-X, dosis pajanan radiasi sianr-X radiografer diperoleh dari hasil pengukuran film badge. Data pola aktifitas (lama kerja, frekuensi pajanan dan masa kerja) diperoleh berdasarkan hasil wawancara pada 35 radiografer di Departemen Radiologi RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Berdasarkan perhitungan yang dilakukan, nilai rata-rata Excess Cancer Risk (ECR) lifetime (4,8E-2) dan realtime (1,9E-2). Karena secara teoretis karsinogenisitas tidak mempunyai nilai ambang atau non threshold, maka prakiraan risiko dinyatakan unacceptable (dosis tidak dapat diterima) bila ECR < E4. Kisaran angka E-4 diperoleh dari nilai default karsinogenistas yang digunakan oleh US-EPA (1990). Berdasarkan perhitungan ECR lifetime dan ECR realtime diperoleh gambaran prakiraan risiko efek karsinogenik yang terjadi pada radiografer di Departemen Radiologi RSUPN CM, dinyatakan aceptable pada risiko kanker baik pada ECR lifetime maupun realtime.

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Radiographer in general have a duty and responsibility to audit includes examined patients for radiodiagnostic including nuclear medicine and ultrasonography (USG), and radiation protection in radiology and operating equipment. This study aims to estimated the risk of X-ray radiation exposure to radiographer in the Department of Radiology RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo using Environmental Health Risk Analysis (ARKL). In calculating the estimated risk forecasts ARKL, risk of X-ray radiation exposure dose radiographer obtained from measurements of the film badge. Data patterns of activity (duration of work, frequency of exposure and years of work) obtained based on the results of a survey of 35 radiographers in the Department of Radiology RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo.

Based on the calculations performed, the average value of Excess Cancer lifetime Risk (ELCR) is 4,8E-2 and the value of Excess Real-time Cancer Risk (ERRC) the average is 1,9E-2. Because theoretically carcinogenicity has non-threshold value, then the forecast is declared unacceptable when ECR < E-4. Range of numbers obtained from the E-4, carcinogenicity default values used by the US-EPA (1990). Based on the calculation of the ELCR and ERCR forecasts illustrate the risk of carcinogenic effects that occur in the radiographers in the Department of Radiology RSUPN CM, acceptable on cancer risk both in the ELCR and ERRC."

"This book is a comprehensive resource that introduces the reader to the basics of clinical epidemiology and explores the principles and methods that can be used to obtain quantitative evidence on the effects of interventions and on the diagnosis, etiology, and prognosis of disease."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran pajanan radiasi sinar X pada petugas Radiologi di unit Radiologi RS Paru Dr.H.A.Rotinsulu Bandung dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 11 responden pada bulan April?Mei 2014 menggunakan desain cross-sectional, data primer berupa kuesioner,observasi, pemeriksaan kelenjar Tiroid dengan USG,pemeriksaan hematologi, pemeriksaan sel darah tepi pada seluruh petugas Radiologi, dan pengukuran dosis paparan radiasi di unit Radiologi,data sekunder berupa hasil pengukuran dosis paparan radiasi pada petugas Radiologi dan gambaran desain ruang Rontgen dan ruang pesawat CT Scan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada 45 % petugas radiologi yang menderita Nodul Tiroid, dimana frekuensi kejadian Nodul Tiroid tinggi pada petugas Radiologi : berusia lebih dari 40 tahun (60%), memiliki masa kerja lebih dari 5 tahun (55,60%), tidak terproteksi (75%). Untuk menindaklanjuti adanya kejadian Nodul Tiroid pada petugas Radiologi, dan mencegah terjadinya dampak kesehatan yang tidak diinginkan, perlu dilakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan yang lebih lanjut pada seluruh petugas Radiologi RS Paru Dr.H.A.Rotinsulu.

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This study aims to provide an overview of the exposure to X-ray radiation at the officers in the unit Radiology Radiology Dr.HARotinsulu Lung Hospital using quantitative descriptive analysis. The study was conducted on 11 respondents in the April-May 2014 using cross-sectional design, the primary data in the form of questionnaires, observation, examination of the thyroid gland with ultrasound, hematology examination, examination of peripheral blood cells in whole officer Radiology, radiation exposure and dose measurements in units of Radiology, secondary data from the results of measurements of radiation exposure dose to the official description of the design room of Radiology and Xray and CT scan space shuttle.

The results showed that there was a 45% radiology staff who suffer from thyroid nodules, Thyroid nodules in which the high frequency of occurrence in the officer Radiology: over the age of 40 years (60%), has a life of over 5 years (55.60%), are not protected (75%). To follow up on a similar incidence of Thyroid Nodules Radiology officers, and prevent the occurrence of undesirable health effects, is necessary to further medical examinations on all officers Dr.HARotinsulu Radiology Lung Hospital."

"This book provides a state-of-the-art approach to the molecular basis of hematologic diseases and its translation into improved diagnostics and novel therapeutic strategies. Several representative hemato-oncologic malignancies are analyzed in detail: acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, B-cell Non-Hodgkin lymphomas, multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, and myeloproliferative neoplasms. Experts in the field describe the molecular methods applied for modern diagnostics and therapies, such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, donor recipient matching, banking of biological material, analyses of post-transplant chimerism, and minimal residual disease monitoring. The volume concludes with an extensive section comprising thorough step-by-step protocols of molecular techniques in hematology, all of them validated in the authors? own laboratories."