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"La recente e crescente attenzione da parte della letteratura scientifica e dei mezzi di comunicazione di massa sui possibili rischi correlati ad un aumento della dose richiede un aumento delle conoscenze relative alla radioprotezione. Obiettivo del presente testo è illustrare la problematica della dose erogata al paziente nei vari campi dell'imaging radiologico, ponendo attenzione sia agli aspetti fisico-tecnologici sia agli aspetti etico-sociali."

"Dalam pemanfaatan radiasi pengion khususnya di bidang medis, sinar - x sangat berperan sekali dalam proses penegakan diagnosa. namun dalam penggunaanya harus dilandasi dengan prinsip ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable), yakni bahwa suatu nilai paparan dosis radiasi yang diterima didalam pemanfaatan sinar-x adalah harus sekecil mungkin dan dapat dipertanggung jawabkan. Sesuai dengan ketentuan BAPETEN Pemeriksaan radiologi seharusnya pada ruang tertutup dan telah di lengkapi oleh sistem proteksi radiasi. Pada hasil observasi di Rumah Sakit X bahwa terdapat pemeriksaan radiografi di unit Intensive Care Unit dan tidak terdapat sistem proteksi radiasi hal ini tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan BAPETEN. Maka Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jarak aman terhadap dosis radiasi hambur yang ditimbulkan dari pemeriksaan radiografi tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pada radius jarak 100, 200, 300, 400, centi meter jika melakukan pemeriksaan radiografi Thorax AP di Unit ICU Tanpa Proteksi radiasi dinyatakan tidak aman karena melebihi Nilai Ambang Batas ( NBD) BAPETEN yaitu 0.001 mSv/h. Selain petugas radiographer dilarang berada di ruangan pada saat pemeriksaan. Pemeriksaan radiografi Thorax AP di ICU sebaiknya menggunakan kaidah proteksi radiasi yaitu Jarak, Perisai , dan Waktu.

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In particular the use of ionizing radiation in the medical field, x - ray was instrumental in the process of establishing the diagnosis at all. But its use should be based on the principle of ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable), namely, that the value of exposure to the radiation dose received in the use of x-rays is to be as small as possible, and reliable. In accordance with the provisions BAPETEN radiological examination should be in a confined space and have been completed by the radiation protection system. In the observation at Hospital X that there radiographs in the Intensive Care Unit of the unit and there is no system of radiation protection it is not in accordance with the provisions BAPETEN. So the purpose of this study was to determine the safe distance of the scattered radiation dose resulting from radiographic examinations such. This study used quantitative methods with cross sectional approach. The results of this study show that the radius distance of 100 cm, 200 cm, 300 cm, 400 cm, at the time of Thorax AP radiographs in the ICU Unit without Radiation protection declared unsafe because it exceeds the Threshold Limit Value (TLV) BAPETEN the 0.001 mSv / h. Besides radiographer officers banned from the room at the time of inspection. Thorax AP radiographs in the ICU should use the principles of radiation protection are distance, shielding, and time."

"Dopo esserci occupati della comunicazione degli esami radiologici nei Pazienti degenti in Ospedale, riteniamo opportuno trattarla anche in quelli ambulatoriali; in modo da completare l'argomento e integrare gli ambiti sanitari. Infatti, negli ambulatori convenzionati vengono effettuate prestazioni sanitarie, che l'Ospedale non è in grado di erogare, anche e soprattutto a Utenti, cioè a persone in apparente benessere, con le seguenti caratteristiche: -comunicazione di stato di malattia in fase pre-clinica,cioè asintomatica; -comunicazione di negatività in presunto malato; -richiamo ad adeguato stile di vita (cultura della salute); -educazione sanitaria. Tutto ciò implica l'integrazione multi-disciplinare (Radiologo, Psicologo, Eticista, Economista, etc..) e l'applicazione di modelli comunicativi-sia di metodo che applicativi-finalizzati e specifici."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan evaluasi dosis titik pada kasus kanker payudara untuk teknik Enhanced Dynamic Wedge (EDW), Forward IMRT, dan Inverse IMRT. Evaluasi ini dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan pergerakan seperti pergerakan pernafasan manusia. Penelitian ini menggunakan fantom Rando jenis fantom female pada saat TPS untuk mendapatkan nilai CT yang mendekati densitas jaringan tubuh manusia. Selain itu, penelitian ini menggunakan Slab fantom RW3berukuran 30 cm  30 cm  10 cm. Fantom ini akan digunakan utuk pengukuran yang dilakukan pada Linear Accelerator (Linac) dengan mensimulasikan couch dalam keadaan diam dan pergerakan secara translasi pada bidang Anterior Posterior (AP) untuk menirukan pergerakan akibat pernafasan manusia. Pengukuran yang diperoleh berupa dosis titik menggunakan dosimeter thermoluminescence TLD LiF-100. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan pada daerah target, yaitu breast atas dan breast bawah serta daerah Organ at Risk (OAR), persentase dosis terbesar dimiliki oleh teknik EDW pada keadaan dinamik dan persentase dosis terkecil dimiliki oleh teknik Inverse IMRT. Pergerakan anterior posterior memberikan konstribusi terhadap peningkatan persentase dosis pengukuran TLD dengan TPS untuk teknik EDW, Forward IMRT, dan Inverse IMRT berkisar antara 2% sampai 50%.

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This research aimed to evaluate point doses in breast cancer cases for the Enhanced Dynamic Wedge (EDW), Forward IMRT, and Inverse IMRT techniques. The evaluation was conducted considering motion, such as human respiratory motion. The study utilized a female Rando phantom during the Treatment Planning System (TPS) to obtain CT values approximating human tissue density. Furthermore, a 30 cm  30 cm  10 cm  Slab phantom RW3 was used in the research. The phantom was employed for measurements performed on the Linear Accelerator (Linac), simulating a stationary couch and translational motion in the Anterior-Posterior (AP) plane to mimic respiratory-induced motion. Point dose measurements were taken using the LiF-100 thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD).  From this study, it was found that in the target areas, namely the upper and lower breast regions, as well as the Organ at Risk (OAR) areas, the EDW technique exhibited the highest percentage of dose in dynamic conditions, while the Inverse IMRT technique had the lowest percentage of dose. The anterior-posterior motion contributed to an increase in the percentage of dose measurement differences between TLD and TPS for the EDW, Forward IMRT, and Inverse IMRT techniques, ranging from 2% to 50%."

"Latar Belakang: Contrast Induced Acute Kidney Injury (CIAKI) merupakan gangguan ginjal akut sebagai komplikasi pemberian Media Kontras (MK) tanpa ada sebab yang lain. Gangguan ginjal akut (GGA) karena MK merupakan penyebab ketiga GGA tersering yang terjadi di rumah sakit. Skor Mehran 2 merupakan prediktor timbulnya CIAKI pasca Intervensi Koroner Perkutan (IKP) pada pasien Sindrom Koroner Akut (SKA) dan Sindrom Koroner Kronik (SKK) yang merupakan pengembangan dari skor Mehran yang telah dipakai sejak tahun 2004 dan telah mengalami berbagai validasi. Skor Mehran 2 masih belum secara luas dipakai dan belum pernah dilakukan validasi di Indonesia yang mempunyai karakteristik demografi yang berbeda.Tujuan : Melakukan validasi dan mempelajari performa skor Mehran 2 pada pasien IMA-EST, IMA-NEST, Angina pektoris Tidak Stabil dan Angina pektoris Stabil yang menjalani IKPMetode: Studi kohort retrospektif terhadap 292 pasien yang menjalani IKP di RSUPN dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta selama periode Januari 2021 sampai Juli 2024. Uji validasi dilakukan untuk menilai performa skor Mehran 2 pada pasien pasca IKP.Hasil: Didapatkan hasil 56 pasien (19,17%) mengalami CIAKI dengan 71,43% laki-laki. Median total skor Mehran 2 pada pasien yang mengalami CIAKI adalah 13. Area under curve (AUC) skor Mehran 2 didapatkan 0,658 (95% IK 0,577-0,738 p<0,0001).Simpulan: Skor Mehran 2 memiliki nilai diskriminasi moderate atau sedang dalam memprediksi CIAKI pada pasien SKA yang menjalani IKP dan mempunyai nilai kalibrasi yang baik

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Background: Contrast Induced Acute Kidney Injury (CIAKI) is an acute kidney disorder as a complication of the administration of contrast media without any other cause. Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) due to contrast media is the third most frequent cause of AKI that occurs in hospitals. Mehran score 2 is a predictor of the onset of CIAKI after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) and Chronic Coronary Syndrome (CCS) which is a development of previous Mehran score that has been used since 2004 and has undergone various validations. The Mehran score 2 is still not widely used and has never been validated in Indonesia which has different demographic characteristics from other countries.

Objective: To validate and study the performance of Mehran score 2 in patient with ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI), Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI), Unstable Angina Pectoris (UAP) and Stable Angina Pectoris who undergo PCI.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 292 patients who underwent PCI at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta during the period January 2021 to July 2024. A validation test was carried out to assess the performance of the Mehran 2 score in post PCI patients.

Results: The results were obtained that 56 patients (19.17%) experienced CIAKI with 71.43% subject are male. The median total score of Mehran score 2 in subject who experienced CIAKI was 13. Area under curve (AUC) Mehran score 2 score 0,658 (95% IK 0,577-0,738 p<0,0001).

Conclusions: Mehran score 2 has a moderate discrimination value in predicting CIAKI in patients undergoing PCI and it has good calibration level"

"Conveys the essential knowledge needed to understand the clinical application of imaging technologies. Suitable for radiology residents and students, this title covers various subspecialty areas and imaging modalities as utilized in neuroradiology, chest, breast, abdominal, musculoskeletal imaging, ultrasound, and nuclear radiology "

"Dalam mendapatkan hasil pencitraan Kedokteran Nuklir yang baik adalah didukung dengan instrumen dengan performa yang baik yaitu sesuai dengan standar mutu alat tersebut. Untuk menjaga agar performa instrumen tetap bekerja secara optimal harus dilakukan uji secara berkala dengan protokol uji yang tepat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji kualitas citra kamera gamma dengan fantom IEC 61675-2 dan membuat protokol pengujianya meliputi pengujian resolusi radial, resolusi tangensial dan scatter fraction. Pengujian resolusi radial dan resolusi tangensial dilakukan menggunakan sumber titik sedangkan untuk pengujian scatter fraction menggunakan sumber garis. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan hasil rerata FWHM untuk resolusi radial 14,08, pada resolusi tangensial 10,21 mm. Untuk pengujian scatter fraction didapatkan hasil 0,042 dengan prosentase hamburan 4,2%.

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In order to achieve an optimal scanned image of nuclear medicine device, a good instrument with proper performance which is consistent with its standard quality is required. Furthermore, suitable and periodic protocol test is also a good requirement so that the instrument can extend its maximum performance.In order to Achieve an optimal scanned image of nuclear medicine devices, a good instrument with proper roomates performance is consistent with its standard quality is required.

This research was conducted to test the image quality of gamma cameras with phantom IEC 61675-2 and make protocol includes testing radial resolution, tangential resolution and scatter fraction. Test of tangential and radial resolution made using a point source, while for test Scatter fraction using a line source. From this research, the results of the mean FWHM for the radial resolution 14.08 mm and 10.21 mm in tangential resolution. test Scatter fraction obtained scattering percentage of 4.2%."