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"The response of concrete under tensile loading is crucial for most applications because concrete is much weaker in tension than in compression. Understanding the response mechanisms of concrete under tensile conditions is therefore key to understanding and using concrete in structural applications. Understanding the tensile properties of concrete summarises key recent research in this important subject.After an introduction to concrete, the book is divided into two parts: part one on static response and part two on dynamic response. Part one starts with a summary chapter on the most important parameters that affect the tensile response of concrete. Chapters show how multi scale modelling is used to relate concrete composition to tensile properties. Part two focuses on dynamic response and starts with an introduction to the different regimes of dynamic loading, ranging from the low frequency loading by wind or earthquakes up to the extreme dynamic conditions due to explosions and ballistic impacts. Following chapters review dynamic testing techniques and devices that deal with the various regimes of dynamic loading. Later chapters highlight the dynamic behaviour of concrete from different viewpoints, and the book ends with a chapter on practical examples of how detailed knowledge on tensile properties is used by engineers in structural applications."

"Meningkatnya luas daerah yang ditutupi oleh perkerasan dengan pembangunan permukiman seperti halnya di perkotaan dapat mengakibatkan waktu berkumpulnya air menjadi jauh lebih pendek, sehingga akumulasi air hujan yang terkumpul melampaui kapasitas drainase yang ada. Dengan berkurangnya kesempatan air hujan berinfiltrasi ke dalam tanah, maka limpasan permukaan air hujan akan menimbulkan genangan bahkan banjir pun dapat terjadi pula.Dalam upaya mengantisipasi hal tersebut, maka diperlukan penerapan mengenai drainase permukiman yang berwawasan lingkungan, seperti pembuatan perkerasan beton lulus air (porous concrete), sebatas untuk konstruksi non structural seperti parkir kendaraan, trotoar, lapangan, dll. Cara membuat beton lulus air (porous concrete) semuanya tergantung pada adanya rongga udara dalam agregat atau pembentukan rongga udara dalam beton dengan faktor penting penyeragaman gradasi agregat yang digunakan.Perkembangan mutakhir yang menjanjikan saat ini adalah penggunaan abu terbang sepenuhnya sebagai pengganti semen portland lewat proses yang disebut polimerisasi anorganik (geopolimer). Kegunaan abu terbang pada sejumlah proyek infrastruktur selain lebih ramah lingkungan, mengurangi jumlah energi yang diperlukan karena berkurangnya pemakaian semen portland, lebih awet, lebih murah, dan bahan ini juga tetap menunjukkan perilaku mekanik yang memuaskan. Diharapkan dari pembuatan beton lulus air (porous concrete) ini selain dapat menyerap air dengan cepat juga memiliki kekuatan mekanik yang sama dengan beton pada umumnya.

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The increasing of vast region that covered by pavement with settlement development as does at urban affairs can cause time gather it water be much shorter, so that rainwater accumulation that gathered to exceed existing drainage capacity. With decrease it to chance rainwater infiltration into soil, so rain water level will evoke pool even flood even also can happen also.

In the effort anticipate the mentioned, so need applications hits settlement drainage with vision of environment, like maker pavement concrete passes water, limit of for construction non structural like vehicle parking, trottoir, field, etc. manner makes concrete passes water all depend on air hole existence in aggregate or air hole formation in concrete with aggregate gradation standardization important factor that is used.

Very latest development promise in this time fly ash use thoroughly in the place of cement portland via process that called inorganic polymerize (geopolymer). Fly ash use flies in amount of infrastructure project besides environment friendlier, decrease energy that need because decrease it cement use portland, durableer, cheaper, and this ingredient also permanent show mechanical behaviour. Supposed from concrete maker pass water this besides can absorb water swiftly has also mechanical strength equal to concrete in general."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh temperatur beton massa pada kedalaman 4 meter. Pengaruh temperatur yang diamati adalah temperatur puncak, perbedaan temperatur, dan tegangan. Pada umumnya, syarat batas temperatur puncak adalah 70 oC dan perbedaan temperatur ≥ 20 oC. Kondisi tersebut diterapkan untuk kondisi kelembapan dan temperatur di Eropa. Perbedaan temperatur yang terjadi tergantung dari pengendalian temperatur yang dilakukan. Temperatur puncak yang terjadi ± 77.75 oC. Temperatur puncak yang terjadi tergantung dari initial temperature dan mix design. Tegangan yang terjadi dipengaruhi oleh perubahan temperatur pada nodal. Perubahan temperatur yang ekstrim dapat menimbulkan teganan tarik yang melebihi kuat tarik raft foundation. Oleh karena itu diperlukan pengendalian temperatur permukan dan bagian yang terkena udara. Pengendalian dapat dilakukan dengan lapisan insulasi.

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AbstractThis final report aims to investigate the effect of 4 meter thickness mass concrete temperature. The observed temperature influence is peak temperature, temperature difference, and stress. In general, the peak temperature boundary condition is 70 oC and temperature difference is higher than 20 oC. These situations apply to the conditions of humidity and temperature in Europe. Temperature difference that occurs depends on the temperature control that is done. Peak temperature occurs in average 77.75 oC. Peak temperature depends on the initial temperature and mix design of concrete. Stress that occurs is influenced by the changes in the nodal temperatures. Extreme temperature changes can cause maximum tension that exceeds the tensile strength of the raft foundation. Therefore, there is the need to control the surface temperature and the air exposed side. Temperature control can be done with a layer of insulation."

"Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan temperatur yang terjadi pada beton massa dengan ketebalan 3 meter pada raft fondation Rasuna Tower. Parameter yang ditinjau dalam makalah ini adalah initial temperature, temperatur maksimal, perbedaan temperatur dan tegangan yang terjadi pada beton massa dengan ketebalan 3 meter. Batasan temperatur maksimum dan perbedaan temperatur yang diizinkan dengan mengacu pada kondisi ikim di Eropa berturutturut sebesar 70 °C dan 20 °C. Permasalahan yang harus dijawab dalam penulisan ini adalah apakah batasan nilai tersebut dapat diterapkan pada kondisi iklim di Indonesia. Analisa dilakukan dengan perbandingan pembacaan temperatur lapangan dengan metode PCA dan program MIDAS Gen 2011.Penelitian ini memberikan hasil temperatur maksimum yang terjadi sebesar 90 °C dan perbedaan temperatur maksimum yang terjadi sebesar 40 °C antara lapisan permukaan dengan ambient.

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This thesis aims to analyze the temperature change of a 3 meter thick massconcrete on Rasuna Tower?s raft fondation. The observed aspects are the initial and peak temperature, the temperature difference and the stress °Ccurs on the 3 meter thick mass-concrete. Referring to Europe climate, the allowable peak temperature and temperature difference are 70°C and 20°C respectively. The problem is whether this condition is suitable to be applied in Indonesia?s climate. The analysis carried out by comparing temperature readings on field by PCA method and MIDAS Gen 2011 software.This study produced a value of 90°C as the peak temperature and 40°C for the maximum difference temperature."

"Self-Consolidating Concrete (SCC) mixtures for use in Prestressed Concrete applications are evaluated in this paper . Twenty one SCC mixtures were made under laboratory conditions with varying water to cementitious materials ratios, sand to total aggregate rations, and cementitious materials combinations (type III cement , class C fly ash, ground-granular blast-furnance slag, and silica fume). The SCC mixtures archived prestress transfer compressive strengths between 5470 and 9530 psi (38 and 66 MPa). The moduli of elasticity of the SCC Mixtures were in reasonable agreement with the elastic stiffness assumed during the design of conventional slump concrete structures. The long term drying shrinkage strain for all the SCC mixtures were approximately the same or less than those measured for the control mixtures. A change in sand to total aggregate ratio had no significant effect on the long term drying shrinkage. At later ages of 56 and 112 days, the measured drying shrinkage corresponded reasonable well to those predicated by the ACI 209 procedure."

"An introductory book presenting the theories, ACI Code requirements and design of reinforced concrete beams, slabs, columns, footings, retaining walls, bearing walls, prestressed concrete sections, and framework in a clear and understandable manner."

"An introductory book presenting the theories, ACI Code requirements and design of reinforced concrete beams, slabs, columns, footings, retaining walls, bearing walls, prestressed concrete sections, and framework in a clear and understandable manner."

"The maturity is a nondesctructive testing"