Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Tribadi, Suranto, Sajidan. 2009. Variation of morphological and protein pattern of cassava (Manihot esculenta) varieties of Adira1 and Cabak makao in Ngawi, East Java. Nusantara Bioscience 2: 14-22. This research is intended to find out the morphological and anatomical variation as well as the protein band pattern of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) widely spread in three different areas of height. The sample collecting is done using simple random sampling in the three different areas of height that is 50, 300, 1000 meters asl in Ngawi District, East Java while the analysis of protein band pattern is done using SDS-PAGE. The result of the research of morphology and anatomy is analyzed descriptively and presented in the form of tabels, histograms and figures. The analysis of protein band pattern is done using quantitative and qualitative analysis that is based on the appearance or not the gel band pattern by counting the molecular weights based on code marker S 8445 and qualitative method based on the quality of the band formed. The band pattern formed is istimated and presented in the form of zimogram. The result of the research shows that the height of the cultivating site very much influences toward variations of root, stem and leaf morphology. The longest root is at 50 meter heights asl (Cabak makao local variety, the widest stem diameter is at 50 meters asl (Cabak makao local variety) the longest leaf and branch is at 300 meters asl (Cabak makao local variety) and 1000 meters asl (Cabak makao local variety). There is no difference of anatomy in the root, stem and leaf and no difference of protein band pattern either in Adira1 or Cabak makao local variety. "

"ABSTRAKUbi kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz) merupakan bahan makanan penting di Indonesia setelah padi. dan jagung. Lebih kurang 60% dari produksi ubi kayu di Indonesia digunaan sebagai bahan makanan. 32% digunakan sebagai bahan industri dalam negeri, dan 8% diekspor dalam bentuk gaplek. Luas tanaman ubi kayu di Indonesia selama 5 tahun ter.akhir berkisar 1.4 juta hektar dan lebih kurang 1 juta hektar berada di Jawa. Ditinjau dart kalori yang dihasilkan per satuan luas tanah, ubi kayu menghasilkan kalori lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan padi dan jagung. Sedangkan apabila ditinjau dari kalori yang dihasilkan per satuan waktu jagung lebih tinggi hasil kalorinya dibandingkan padi dan ubi kayu. Tanaman ubi kayu umumnya ditanam dengan menggunakan bahan tanam yang berupa stek batang. Sedangkan perbanyakan biji, dilakukan hanya untuk kepentingan pemuliaan. Mengingat sangat mudahnya penanaman, peranan mutu stek seringkali diabaikan. hal ini akan mengakibatkan umbi yang diproduksi pertanaman sangat bervariasi.Hasil-hasil penelitian mutu stek tanaman ubi kayu dari beberapa negara masih beraneka ragam, bahkan ada yang bertolak belakang. Sedangkan informasi ilmiah yang menunjang data-data penelitian dari luar negeri tersebut masih kurang. Akibatnya, standard mutu stek yang baik bagi tanaman ubi kayu masih belum jelas. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut maka dilakukan penelitian mengenai pengaruh bahan tanam terhadap pola pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman ubi kayu. Penelitian dilakukan dengan melaksanakan empat percobaan lapang, empat percobaan pot dan dua percobaan laboratorium. Percobaan lapang dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan Cassava Research Project Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya di Bedali, Lawang. Terletak pada ketinggian 450m di atas permukaan laut, 18 km sebelah utara Malang. Mempunyai tipe iklim C3 berdasarkan perhitungan Oldeman (1975). Sedangkan percobaan pot dan laboratorium berturutturut dilakukan di Fakultas Pertanian dan Laboratorium Cassava Research Project Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya, Malang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari hubungan antara bagian batang yang digunakan sebagai bahan tanam, yang meliputi ukuran, berat, kandungan pati dan nutrisi dengan pola pertumbuhan tanaman beserta produksi umbi tanaman ubi kayu.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bagian-bagian dari batang yang dipakai untuk stek sangat berpengaruh baik terhadap pertumbuhan maupun produksi umbi dibandingkan dengan umur tanaman pada saat batang yang akan digunakan stek diambil. Produksi umbi yang dihasilkan oleh stek yang berasal dari batang bagian bawah berada pada 6.4% dan 12.7% lebih besar dari pada stek yang berasal dart batang bagian tengah dan atas. Begitu pula dengan ukuran umbinya. Umbi yang dihasilkan oleh stek yang berasal dari batang bagian bawah berukuran 4.1% dan 11.9% lebih besar, dibanding dengan umbi yang dihasilkan oleh stek batang bagian tengah dan atas. Walaupun dalam penelitian secara statistik perbedaan umur tanaman sendiri tidak berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap produksi umbi (kg), tetapi hal yang panting untuk diperhatikan adalah bahwa perbedaan produksi umbi yang dihasilkan oleh stek yang berasal dari batang bagian bawah dan atas dari tanaman yang berumur muda (7 bulan), jauh lebih besar apabila dibandingkan dengan yang berasal dari tanaman tua (13 bulan). Sebagai gambaran perbedaan produksi umbi yang dihasilkan oleh stek yang berasal dart batang bagian bawah dan atas dari tanaman ubi kayu berumur 11 - 13 bulan berkisar 10% sedangkan dari tanaman yang berumur 7 - 9 bulanberkisar 15%. Perbedaan produksi umbi ini disebabkan pula oleh perbedaan berat total tanaman yang dihasilkan dan bukan karena adanya perbedaan distribusi dari bagian tanaman yang dihasilkan. Stek yang berasal dari batang bagian bawah menghasilkan nilai kurun luas daun (leaf area duration) yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan stek yang berasal dari batang bagian tengah dan atas.Pada awal pertumbuhan diperlihatkan bahwa pertumbuhan tunas dari stek batang bagian atas lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan yang berasal dart stek batang bagian bawah. Akan tetapi untuk pertumbuhan berikutnya terjadi keadaan sebaliknya. Laju pertumbuhan relatif dari bagian-bagian tanaman (akar, batang dan daun) lebih cepat untuk stek batang bagian bawah. Kandungan nutrisi stek bervariasi, tergantung dari bagian batang yang mana stek tersebut berasal. Stek yang berasal dari batang bagian bawah mengandung nutrisi dan pati lebih tinggi dibandingkan yang berasal dari bagian atas. Terdapat hubungan linier yang positif antara kandungan nitrogen dan kalium dengan produksi umbi. Tidak terdapat interaksi yang nyata antara panjang dan diameter stek terhadap produksi umbi. Tetapi baik panjang maupun diameter stek itu sendiri berpengaruh terhadap produksi umbi.Dari hasil penelitian ditunjukkan bahwa panjang optimum stek berkisar 25 cm. Pada pertumbuhan awal tanaman, stek dengan panjang 25 cm menghasilkan produksi umbi dan laju pertumbuhan umbi yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan stek yang lebih pendek maupun lebih panjang. Namun demikian, stek yang lebih panjang dart 25 cm me perlihatkan laju pertumbuhan tanaman bagian atas tanah yang lebih tinggi. Semakin besar atau semakin kecil diameter stek, mengakibatkan produksi semakin menurun. Stek berdiameter 2.25 - 2.50 cm menghasilkan produksi umbi yang tertinggi dibandingkan dengan stek yang berdiameter lebih kecil dari 2.25 cm dan lebih besar dari 2.50 cm. Walaupun panjang dan diameter stek berhubungan erat dengan berat stek tetapi dart hasil penelitian tidak terlihat hubungan secara nyata antara berat stek dan produksi umbi.Dari hasil penelitian ini dapatlah disimpulkan bahwa mutu stek tanaman ubi kayu yang baik adalah stek yang berasal dari batang bagian bawah, berukuran panjang sekitar 25 cm, dan berdiameter 2.25 - 2,50 cm. Sedangkan banyaknya stek bermutu balk yang dapat dihasilkan oleh satu tanaman sangat tergantung dart umur dan caritas tanaman ubi kayu itu sendiri. Diperkirakan panjang batang yang dapat digunakan sebagai stek bermutu baik berasal dari tanaman berumur 11 - 13 bulan, dengan panjang lebih kurang separuh bagian dari pangkal batang.

---

ABSTRACT

As a food crop in Indonesia, cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) plays an important role after rice and maize. About 60% of cassava production in Indonesia is consumed as staple food, 32% is used as industrial material for domestic use, and 8% is exported as dried cassava (?gaplek?). The area of cassava in Indonesia in the last 5 years has been about 1.4 million hectares, about 1 million hectares of which are in Java. On the basis of the calories produced per unit area of land, cassava gives a higher calorie yield than rice or maize. However, on the basis of calories produced per unit area per unit of time, maize produces a higher calorie yield than rice or cassava.

Because propagation is easy, the variation in quality of stem material for propagation has never been seriously investigated. Moreover, research which has been conducted overseas has given variable and sometimes conflicting results. Thus the position regarding quality or stem cuttings for propagation was not clear. Accordingly a research program was undertaken to study the influence of four field experiments, four pot experiments and two laboratory experiments were conducted. The field experiments were conducted in the experimental field of the Cassava Research Project, Faculty of Agriculture. Brawijaya University, at Bedali, Lawang. This is situated 450 m above sea level, 18 km north of Malang. Pot and laboratory experiments were done respectively at the Faculty of Agriculture Brawijaya University, and the Laboratory of the Cassava Research Project, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University.

The objectives of the experiments were to determine how growth pattern and final root yield are related to age, region of stem, size, length, diameter, weight, carbohydrate and nutrient contents of the propagation material.

Results of the experiments showed that the age of the plant from which cuttings were obtained affected dry matter production, and both root yield and total plant dry weight were significantly influenced by the position on the stem from which cuttings were obtained. Cuttings from the base of the stem gave a higher yield than cuttings from either the medial region (which yielded 6.4% less than basal) or the apical regions (12.7% lees). The difference in yield per hectares were brought about by differences in number and weight of storage roots, but the more important of these two components of yield was the size (weight) of the storage roots. The weight of roots produced from basal-region cuttings was 4.1% greater than from medial-region cuttings and 11.9% greater than from apical-region cuttings. Ave-rage growth rates of plants showed a similar pattern; growth rates from basal, medial and apical cuttings were respectively 24.2, 28.0 and 30.8 g/plant/week.

Although the age of stem did not have a significant effect on yield, the difference between the root yields from basal and apical cuttings was greater for young stem (7 and 9 months old) than for older stems (11 and 13 months old). With young stems, the apical cuttings gave plants which yielded 10% less than those from basal cuttings. With the older stems the difference was 15%. In the initial growth, sprouting of the apical cuttings was quicker than of the basal cuttings, but the subsequent growth of the basal cuttings was more rapid than of the apical cuttings. The relative growth rates of the plant organs (roots, new shoots and new plants) developed from basal cuttings were greater than from apical cuttings. The nutrient content of the cuttings (mg/cutting) varied with position on the parent stem. The oldest section (lowest section) of the stem had the highest nutrient and starch contents. Storage root yield was positively and linearly related to both nitrogen and potassium con-tents of the cuttings. Length and diameter of cutting individually influenced yield. However, there was no significant interaction between them. The optimum cutting length was about 25 cm. For root and storage-root growth, the optimum cutting lenght was 25 cm. This is possibly because cuttings of 25 cm gave plants with higher rates of root and storage-root growth during the initial growth phase than either shorter or longer cuttings. On the other hand, for shoot growth, the rate of growth was greater the longer the cutting. The optimum diameter of cutting was 2.25 - 2.50 cm; yields were lower from cuttings that had bigger or smaller diameters than this. Although cutting length and diameter were related to weight of cutting, there was no relation-ship found between weight of cutting and root yield.

From these results of the experiments it can be concluded that the quality of a cutting is best if it is taken from the basal region of the stem, is about 25 cm long, and has diameter of 2.25 - 2.50 cm. However, in general, any cutting from the lower half of the stem gives satisfactory results."

"Widiastuti A, Sobir, Suhartanto MR. 2010. Diversity analysis of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) irradiated by gammaraybased on morphological and anatomical characteristics. Nusantara Bioscience 2: 23-33. The aim of this research was to increasegenetic variability of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) irradiated by gamma rays dosage of 0 Gy, 20 Gy, 25 Gy, 30 Gy,35 Gy and40 Gy. Plant materials used were seeds collected from Cegal Sub-village, Karacak Village, Leuwiliang Sub-district, Bogor District,West Java. Data was generated from morphological and anatomical characteristics. The result indicated that increasing of gamma raydosage had inhibited ability of seed to growth, which needed longer time and decreased seed viability. Morphologically, it alsodecreased plant heigh, stem diameter, leaf seizure, and amount of leaf. Anatomically, stomatal density had positive correlation with plant height by correlation was 90% and 74%. Gamma rays irradiation successfully increase morphological variability until 30%. Seedcreavage after irradiation increased variability and survival rate of mangosteen. "

"This research aimed to obtain phenotypic information based on morphological character of Jogorogo Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.). This research was conducted with direct observation through primary and secondary data recording, and documenting parts of Jogorogo Mangosteen plant specifically, that was, in vegetative part: stalk and leave, as well as generative part: flower, fruit and seed. Jogorogo Mangosteen may reach hundreds years of life span, it had an average height of 9 meters, stalk diameter of 1 meter and crown diameter of 6 meter. The tree crown of Jogorogo Mangosteen plant was triangular in shape, with horizontal and irregular branching pattern and various densities. The leaves of Jogorogo Mangosteen wew elliptic. The trip of the leaf was pointed, the base of the leaf was blunt, and the leaf edge was flat with the smooth and shining surface. The flower of Jogorogo Mangosteen was a hermaphrodit and a perfect flower. The fruit was small with 59 grams weight/floer with 4.5 cm long and 4.45 cm wide. The fruit was purple-blackish with the continuous fruit ripening with high fruit bearing level. The Jogorogo Mangosteen fruit was sweet with a little yellow sap. 1-2 seeds were formed in every Jogorogo Mangosteen fruit with 1.6 cm long, 0,8 cm wide and 2.75 thick. The seed is spheroid and ellipsoid with light brown color wrapped with white arrilode."

"[Dendrobium crumenatum merupakan jenis anggrek yang memiliki variasi morfologi akibat adanya persebaran yang luas. Studi literatur menunjukkan bahwa penelitian terhadap variasi morfologi bunga Dendrobium crumenatum belum dilakukan, salah satunya akibat penjelasan deskripsi yang tidak sama dari tiap-tiap pulau. Oleh karena itu, penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk membuat deskripsi yang sama dan lebih lengkap, kemudian menganalisis karakter-karakter yang signifikan berbeda dan memberikan gambaran mengenai pola pengelompokan berdasarkan pola biogeografi. Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan 78 spesimen vegetatif dan 51 spesimen bunga. Sebanyak 33 karakter dari 37 spesimen bunga dianalisis menggunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ukuran perhiasan bunga, tepi lobus tengah, bentuk sepal dorsal dan sepal lateral, kalus, dan perbandingan panjang lobus tengah dan lobus samping labellum merupakan karakter-karakter yang signifikan berbeda. Hasil analisis juga menunjukkan tiga kelompok yang terpisah, yaitu kelompok 1 (Sumatera, Jawa, Kalimantan, dan Sulawesi) sebagai Dendrobium crumenatum, kelompok 2 (Nusa Tenggara) sebagai Dendrobium sp., dan kelompok 3 (Sulawesi Utara dan Maluku) sebagai Dendrobium papilioniferum. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi bahan referensi untuk mengubah distribusi Dendrobium crumenatum, menjadikan Dendrobium papilioniferum menjadi jenis yang terpisah, dan menjadi data awal publikasi jenis baru Dendrobium dari Nusa Tenggara.;Dendrobium crumenatum is an orchid species that have morphological variation due to the broad distribution. The literature study shows that the study of morphological variation about Dendrobium crumenatum has not been done, one of them as a result of the description which are not the same from each island. Therefore, the aims of this research are to make the same and complete description, then analyze the significantly different characters and give a description of grouping based on biogeographic patterns. The conducted research using 78 specimens vegetative and 51 specimens of flowers. A total 33 morphological characters from 37 flower spesimens were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The analysis shows that the size of the flower parts, the edge of the middle lobe, dorsal sepals and lateral sepals form, callus, and the length ratio between middle lobe and the side lobe labellum are significantly different characters. The analysis also shows three separate groups, namely the group 1 (Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Celebes) as Dendrobium crumenatum, group 2 (Lesser Sunda) as Dendrobium sp., and group 3 (North Sulawesi and Moluccas) as Dendrobium papilioniferum. Results of this study can be a reference material to restrict the distribution of Dendrobium crumenatum, to make Dendrobium papilioniferum a separate species, and be an early data into new species publication about Dendrobium sp. of Lesser Sunda.;Dendrobium crumenatum is an orchid species that have morphological variation due to the broad distribution. The literature study shows that the study of morphological variation about Dendrobium crumenatum has not been done, one of them as a result of the description which are not the same from each island. Therefore, the aims of this research are to make the same and complete description, then analyze the significantly different characters and give a description of grouping based on biogeographic patterns. The conducted research using 78 specimens vegetative and 51 specimens of flowers. A total 33 morphological characters from 37 flower spesimens were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The analysis shows that the size of the flower parts, the edge of the middle lobe, dorsal sepals and lateral sepals form, callus, and the length ratio between middle lobe and the side lobe labellum are significantly different characters. The analysis also shows three separate groups, namely the group 1 (Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Celebes) as Dendrobium crumenatum, group 2 (Lesser Sunda) as Dendrobium sp., and group 3 (North Sulawesi and Moluccas) as Dendrobium papilioniferum. Results of this study can be a reference material to restrict the distribution of Dendrobium crumenatum, to make Dendrobium papilioniferum a separate species, and be an early data into new species publication about Dendrobium sp. of Lesser Sunda., Dendrobium crumenatum is an orchid species that have morphological variation due to the broad distribution. The literature study shows that the study of morphological variation about Dendrobium crumenatum has not been done, one of them as a result of the description which are not the same from each island. Therefore, the aims of this research are to make the same and complete description, then analyze the significantly different characters and give a description of grouping based on biogeographic patterns. The conducted research using 78 specimens vegetative and 51 specimens of flowers. A total 33 morphological characters from 37 flower spesimens were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The analysis shows that the size of the flower parts, the edge of the middle lobe, dorsal sepals and lateral sepals form, callus, and the length ratio between middle lobe and the side lobe labellum are significantly different characters. The analysis also shows three separate groups, namely the group 1 (Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Celebes) as Dendrobium crumenatum, group 2 (Lesser Sunda) as Dendrobium sp., and group 3 (North Sulawesi and Moluccas) as Dendrobium papilioniferum. Results of this study can be a reference material to restrict the distribution of Dendrobium crumenatum, to make Dendrobium papilioniferum a separate species, and be an early data into new species publication about Dendrobium sp. of Lesser Sunda.]"