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"The purpose of this study was to determine the fluoride uptake in enamel of young permanent teeth between Glass Ionomer Cement and Compomer filling. The subject for this study was 21 premolar, and each tooth divided into 2 parts. The first part filled with Glass Ionomer Cement (Fuji IX ART,GC), and the second part filled with Compomer (Dyract, Denstsply), so the samples were 21 Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrophotometry analysis of Glass Ionomer Cement and 21 Energy Dispersive XRay Spectrophotometry analysis of Compomer. Using t-test the fluoride uptake in the enamel of young permanent teeth with Glass Ionomer Cement and Compomer filling was significantly increased(t=3,705 p=0.001). The increasing of fluoride uptake inthe enamel of young permanent teeth with Glass Ionomer Cement filling is more high than Compomer. This study also showed fluoride uptake from Glass Ionomer Cement and Compomer which exhibited in enamel of young permanent teeth was significantly different (t=3,705 p=0.001). Fluoride uptake of Glass Ionomer Cement filling in enamel of immature teeth was much more compare to Compomer."

"The purpose of this study was to determine the fluoride content differences in enamel of immature teeth with Glass Ionomer Cement Fuji IX and Ketac Molar filling.The subject for this study was 21 immature premolars teeth, and each tooth divided into 2 parts. The first part filled with Fuji IX (Fuji IX ART, GC) and the second part filled with Ketac Molar (Ketac Molar ART, MI, 3M ESPE), so the samples were 21 Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrophotometry analysis of Fuji IX and 21 Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrophotometry analysis of Ketac molar. The measurement was done to the fluoride content in enamel of immature teeth using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrophotometry in percentage.This study using t-test, exhibited differences but no significant from the percentage of delta the fluoride content in enamel of immature teeth with Fuji IX and Ketac Molar filling (t=1,953 p > 0.05)."

"ABSTRAKThe purpose of this study was to determine the different fluor uptake in enamel of primary teeth filled with Conventional and High Viscosity Glass Ionomer Cement. Samples in this study were 20 non-carious primary maxillary incisors. Samples were divided into 2 groups (10 samples for each group) which were: group I filled with Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement and group II filled with High Viscosity. All samples were put in saline solution for 7 days. Each sample was divided into 3 areas in 20 um2 square, making 30 data for every group. The different fluor uptake was observed with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrophotometry (EDS) and the results are in graphic. T-test showed significant difference of fluor uptake in enamel of primary teeth between Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement and High Viscosity Glass lonomer Cement filling (t- 2.36, p-0.025). Fluor uptake in enamel of primary teeth filled with High Viscosity Glass lonomer Cement was much more than Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement."

"Pemanfaatan sumber daya alam Indonesia seperti ikan teri jengki (Stolephorus insularis), yang mengandung konsentrasi fluor tinggi (CaF2), perlu dikembangkan untuk fluoridasi topikal. Penelitian eksperimental laboratorik in vivo menggunakan 14 ekor tikus Sprague dawley yang dibagi menjadi kelompok baseline, kontrol negatif pakan, kontrol negatif pengolesan, perlakuan pemberian pakan, dan perlakuan pengolesan larutan teri. Setelah 15 hari, gigi dipotong dan dianalisa dengan EDX. Terdapat peningkatan kadar retensi fluor pada email gigi kelompok perlakuan dibandingkan kontrol negatif (p<0.05). Tidak terdapat perbedaan retensi fluor antar kelompok perlakuan (p>0.05). Maka pemberian substrat ikan teri jengki, baik lewat pengunyahan maupun pengolesan, meningkatkan retensi fluor pada email.

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Usage of Indonesian resource like anchovy (Stolephorus insularis), which contains high fluoride concentration (CaF2), needs to be pursued as of topical fluoridative agent. This experimental laboratory in vivo research used 14 Sprague dawley rats which were divided into baseline, experimental (feeding and smearing), and their negative control groups. After 15 days, teeth were extracted and analyzed using EDX. There were increased fluoride retention on enamel of experimental groups compared to negative control groups (p<0.05). Fluoride retention levels in both experimental groups were not different (p>0.05). Thus, anchovy substrate application, either by chewing or smearing, increases fluoride retention on tooth enamel."

"Pendahuluan: Ikan teri jengki (Stolephorus insularis) mengandung fluor dalam bentuk senyawa CaF2 yang berperan dalam fluoridasi. Tujuan: Menganalisis perubahan ketahanan terhadap asam permukaan email setelah pemberian ikan teri jengki. Metode: Perlakuan dilakukan pada 9 gigi tikus Sprague dawley yang terbagi menjadi kelompok baseline, perlakuan pakan teri, perlakuan oles larutan teri, kontrol negatif pakan, dan kontrol negatif akuades. Hasil: Nilai ketahanan terhadap asam meningkat dilihat melalui kerusakan permukaan email dan perubahan kekerasan mikro permukaan email setelah pemaparan asam fosfat 50% selama 60 detik. Kesimpulan: ikan teri jengki dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif bahan fluoridasi.

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Introductions: Anchovies (Stolephorus insularis) contain high enough fluor in the form of CaF2 and functioning as fluoridation material.

Aim: To analyze the alteration of enamel solubility towards acid after anchovy substrate application.

Method: Treatment was done on 9 incisors of Sprague dawley rats, comprised from groups which were baseline, feeding application, topical application, negative control of feeding, and negative control of topical.

Results: From the enamel surface destruction and email surface microscopic hardness shifting there is a decrease in enamel solubility towards acid after anchovy substrate application.

Conclusion: Stolephorus insularis can be used as an alternative material of fluoridation."

"Streptococcus mutans merupakan bakteri utama penyebab karies gigi. Bakteri ini dapat ditemukan pada saliva individu bebas karies sebagai flora normal. Propolis telah dilaporkan memiliki efek antibakteri terhadap berbagai bakteri gram positif dan dapat mereduksi Streptococcus mutan. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh konsumsi permen propolis madu terhadap prevalensi Streptococcus mutans pada subjek bebas karies. Metode: Subjek penelitian adalah kelompok individu bebas karies. Pada sampel saliva dilakukan perhitungan koloni Streptococcus mutans sebelum dan sesudah tujuh hari konsumsi permen propolis madu, permen madu dan permen merk X. Streptococcus mutans dari sampel saliva dibiakkan pada medium agar TYS20B selama 48 jam, selanjutnya koloni Streptococcus mutans yang terbentuk dihitung dan dinyatakan dalam CFU/ml. Hasil: Seluruh kelompok perlakuan cenderung mengalami penurunan jumlah koloni Streptococcus mutans jika dibandingkan dengan sebelum konsumsi permen, namun hanya pada kelompok yang mengkonsumsi permen propolis madu yang penurunannya bermakna secara statistik (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Permen propolis madu terbukti dapat menurunkan jumlah koloni Streptococcus mutans pada individu bebas karies setelah dikonsumsi selama tujuh hari.

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Streptococcus mutans is the main microbes responsible for dental caries. This microb can be found in a caries-free individual’s salivary as a normal flora. Propolis has been reported to have antibacterial effects on various positive gram bacteria and capable to reduce Streptococcus mutans.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of Propolis Honey candy consumption on Streptococcus mutans prevalence in a caries-free subject.

Methods: The subject of this research was a caries-free group of individuals. The Streptococcus mutans colony was counted on saliva samples after 7 days period of consuming Propolis Honey candy, Honey candy, and "X" candy. The Streptococcus mutans was proliferated in a TYS20B gelatin medium for 48 hours. The number of Streptococcus mutans colony was expressed in CFU/ml.

Result: Compared with the pre-treatment group, the number of Streptococcus mutans colony in the treatment group tended to show a significant reduction statistically (p<0.05).

Conclusion: After seven days of consumption, the Propolis Honey candy showed that it is capable to reduce the number of Streptococcus mutans colony in caries-free individual. "

"The purpose of this study was to determine flour uptake difference in enamel of primary teeth between Glass Ionomer Cement and Compomer filling. The sample was 30 maxillary first incisors divided into 2 groups. Each group consisted of 15 teeth. The first group was filled with Glass Ionomer Cement (Fuji IX ART, GC) and second group was filled with Compomer (Dyract, Dentsply). The measurement was in percentage, using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrophotometry. T test exhibited significant difference of fluor uptake in enamel of primary teeth between Glass Ionomer and Compomer filling (t=1.1, p=0.0001) Fluor uptake of Glass Ionomer Cement filling in enamel of primary teeth was much more compare to Compomer filling"

"ABSTRAKSemen glass ionomer merupakan salah satu bahan yang inakan untuk penutupan pit dan fisur guna pencegahan karies i gigi tetap muda. Penggunaan semen glass ionomer, relatif jrhana karena tanpa teknik etsa email. Sebelum pemakaian semen ;s ionomer, permukaan email cukup dibersihkan untuk [hilangkan plak. Dikenal 2 macam cara pembersihan email yakni ira mekanik menggunakan 'rubber cup' dengan pasta abrasif dan ira kimia, dengan pengolesan larutan asam. Penelitian ini ikukan secara laboratorik, guna menilai keefektifan suatu m pembersih email dengan cara membandingkan kekuatan ikatan .1-semen glass ionomer yang diperoleh. Sampel yang digunakan gigi premolar satu atas yang telah dicabut untuk keperluan lodontik. Sebagai bahan pembersih email digunakan pasta :ate dan larutan asam sitrat 50%. Test uji tarik dilakukan ;an alat 'Comten' dan hasilnya dihitung secara statistik :an 'Student t-test'. Dari hasil penelitian, ternyata ipatkan kekuatan ikatan email-semen glass ionomer yang :uat adalah setelah email dibersihkan dengan larutan asam at 50%. Sedangkan kekuatan ikatan terlemah setelah iersihan email tanpa bahan pembersih. Pembersihan email dengan ?a sircate hasilnya tidak berbeda bermakna dengan pembersihan."

"Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 42-45Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is fluor containing restorative material which can inhibit carious lesion. This study was performed too observe salivary fluoride change in artificial saliva. Twenty premolars were restored with GIC and immersed in Fusayama artificial saliva (15 ml, pH 6,8) for l, 2, and 3 days. Unrestored part of teeth was coated with varnish. Fluor contents measurement were performed by taking 5 ml of artificial saliva of each group and being measured with spectrophotometer. The result showed that the highest fluor contents (3,317 ± 0.168) was on the 1st day of immersion and significantly decreased in the second and third day (2,267 ± 0,72 ± 1,455 ± 0,186, alternatively). lt was concluded that fluor was released from GIC restoration and the release was decreased with time."

"Karies merupakan salah satu komplikasi yang umumnya terjadi pada gigi impaksi. Penelitian yang membahas mengenai distribusi frekuensi karies pada gigi impaksi sudah banyak dilakukan di berbagai negara, namun di Indonesia masih sedikit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai distribusi frekuensi karies pada gigi molar tiga kelas IA di Rumah Sakit Khusus Gigi dan Mulut Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia. Jenis penelitian ini adalah studi deskriptif yang bersifat retrospektif dengan sampel penelitian berupa data sekunder yang diperoleh dari kartu status pasien RSKGM FKGUI periode Januari 2010-Juli 2013. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan hasil bahwa prevalensi impaksi molar tiga bawah kelas IA sebesar 42,5% dari 496 kasus impaksi molar tiga bawah. Rasio laki-laki : perempuan yang mengalami impaksi molar tiga kelas IA adalah 1:1,7. Mayoritas pasien berusia 17-35 tahun dan kebanyakan berasal dari suku Jawa (44,1%). Sebanyak 23,2% pasien mengalami karies pada gigi impaksinya dan umumnya terjadi pada impaksi mesioangular (17,2%). Permukaan oklusal merupakan daerah yang paling rentan terhadap terjadinya karies baik pada impaksi mesioangular, vertikal, horizontal, maupun transverse, yaitu sebanyak 59,6%.

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Caries is one of the complications commonly arise in impacted teeth. Studies concerning frequency distribution of caries in impacted third molar are widely available in several countries, but not in Indonesia. This study aims to get information regarding frequency distribution of caries in class IA impacted third molar among patients of Rumah Sakit Khusus Gigi dan Mulut Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia. Research was done using retrospective descriptive study through observation of patient’s status cards at RSKGM FKGUI from January 2010 to July 2013.

The results indicate that prevalence of class IA impacted third molar is 42.5% out of 496 cases of all impacted mandibular third molar. Gender ratio of male to female is 1: 1.7, whereas the majority of the patients are aged 17-35 years old and of Javanese origins (44.1%). Some patients have caries in their impacted third molar (23.2%), especially in mesioangular impaction (17.2%). Occlusal surface accounts for the most susceptible site to caries in class IA impacted third molar (59.6%) in all mesioangular, vertical, horizontal and transversal impaction."