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"Suami berperan penting membangun motivasi ibu untuk menyusui. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan suami tentang pemberian air susu ibu (ASI) terhadap motivasi ibu dalam menyusui. Desain penelitian yang digunakan yaitu cross sectional dengan pendekatan analitik komparatif kategorikal tidak berpasangan dan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling terhadap 68 orangtua dari bayi yang sedang menyusu berusia 7-12 bulan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara tingkat pengetahuan suami tentang pemberian ASI terhadap motivasi ibu dalam menyusui dengan pvalue=0,230 yang menggunakan uji Chi-square (α=0,05).Saran penelitian selanjutnya adalah mengidentifikasi hubungan tingkat pengetahuan suami tentang pemberian ASI terhadap dukungan kepada istrinya pada masa menyusui.

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Father have role to increase mother?s motivation to breastfeed. The objective of this research is to find the relation of fathers? knowledge level about giving breast milk to maternal motivation of breastfeeding. This research was conducted using cross sectional design with approach analytical comparative categorical nonpaired and using purposive sampling technique to 68 parents of baby who suckling and aged 7-12 months.

The result shows that no significant relation between fathers? knowledge level about giving breast milk to maternal motivation of breastfeeding with p=value=0,230 using Chi-square test (α=0,05).

Recommendation for next research is identifying relation of fathers? knowledge level about giving breast milk toward support to his wife breastfeeding."

"[ABSTRAKPersepsi Ketidakcukupan ASI (PKA) adalah pikiran atau perasaan ibu terhadap kondisi ketiadaan atau berkurangnya produksi ASI sehingga ibu merasa bahwa ASI-nya tidak cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bayinya. PKA menjadi alasan utama ibu berhenti menyusui secara dini dan alasan untuk memberikan makanan tambahan lebih awal pada bayinya. Prevalensi PKA belum diketahui secara pasti, diperkirakan antara 30-80% dari ibu yang menyusui mempunyai PKA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan faktor ?faktor yang berhubungan dengan PKA pada ibu yang memiliki bayi usia 0-6 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sewon Yogyakarta. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan Cross Sectional. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 71 sampel ibu yang memiliki bayi 0-6 bulan yang gagal menyusui secara eksklusif dikarenakan mengalami PKA. Hasil analisis didapatkan sebanyak 59 (83,1%) ibu memiliki PKA dengan ASI yang cukup. Ada hubungan yang bermakna konseling ASI saat Antenatal Care (ANC) dengan PKA yang mempunyai ASI cukup, ibu yang tidak mendapatkan konseling saat ANC berpeluang 19,7 kali mempunyai PKA, p=0,012; OR=19,746 (CI 95% 1,926-202,456). Konseling ASI pada saat ANC yang berkualitas merupakan hal yang sangat penting dilaksanakan oleh petugas kesehatan untuk persiapan menyusui. Pemanfaatan ?Temu wicara? dalam konsep 10 T dalam ANC perlu diefektifkan untuk membahas persiapan laktasi.

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ABSTRACTInsufficient perception ASI (PKA) is the mother's thoughts or feelings about the condition of the absence or reduction in milk production. She felt that her breast milk is not enough to satisfy the needs of the baby. PKA was the main reason mothers stop breastfeeding early and a reason to give extra food early on the baby. Prevalence of PKA is not certain, it is estimated between 30-80% of breastfeeding mothers has PKA. This study aims to prove the factors related to PKA in mothers whom had infants aged 0-6 months in Sewon Health Centre Yogyakarta. Design of this study using cross sectional. The numbers of samples in this study were 71 samples of mothers with babies? 0-6 months exclusive breastfeeding failure due to experiencing PKA. Found as many as 59 (83.1%) mothers had PKA with enough milk. There is a significant relationship counseling milk during Antenatal Care (ANC) by PKA that have enough milk, mothers who did not receive counseling when the ANC likely to have 19.7 times PKA, p = 0.012; OR = 19.746 (95% CI 1.926 to 202.456). Breastfeeding counseling during ANC quality do health personnel in preparation for breastfeeding implement a very important thing. Utilization of ?Gathering of speech? in the concept of 10 T in the ANC should be effected to discuss preparation for lactation.;Insufficient perception ASI (PKA) is the mother's thoughts or feelings about thecondition of the absence or reduction in milk production. She felt that her breast milkis not enough to satisfy the needs of the baby. PKA was the main reason mothers stopbreastfeeding early and a reason to give extra food early on the baby. Prevalence of PKA is not certain, it is estimated between 30-80% of breastfeeding mothers hasPKA. This study aims to prove the factors related to PKA in mothers whom had infants aged 0-6 months in Sewon Health Centre Yogyakarta. Design of this study using cross sectional. The numbers of samples in this study were 71 samples ofmothers with babies? 0-6 months exclusive breastfeeding failure due to experiencingPKA. Found as many as 59 (83.1%) mothers had PKA with enough milk. There is a significant relationship counseling milk during Antenatal Care (ANC) by PKA that have enough milk, mothers who did not receive counseling when the ANC likely to have 19.7 times PKA, p = 0.012; OR = 19.746 (95% CI 1.926 to 202.456).Breastfeeding counseling during ANC quality do health personnel in preparation forbreastfeeding implement a very important thing. Utilization of Gathering of speechin the concept of 10 T in the ANC should be effected to discuss preparation for lactation;Insufficient perception ASI (PKA) is the mother's thoughts or feelings about thecondition of the absence or reduction in milk production. She felt that her breast milkis not enough to satisfy the needs of the baby. PKA was the main reason mothers stopbreastfeeding early and a reason to give extra food early on the baby. Prevalence of PKA is not certain, it is estimated between 30-80% of breastfeeding mothers hasPKA. This study aims to prove the factors related to PKA in mothers whom had infants aged 0-6 months in Sewon Health Centre Yogyakarta. Design of this study using cross sectional. The numbers of samples in this study were 71 samples ofmothers with babies? 0-6 months exclusive breastfeeding failure due to experiencingPKA. Found as many as 59 (83.1%) mothers had PKA with enough milk. There is a significant relationship counseling milk during Antenatal Care (ANC) by PKA that have enough milk, mothers who did not receive counseling when the ANC likely to have 19.7 times PKA, p = 0.012; OR = 19.746 (95% CI 1.926 to 202.456).Breastfeeding counseling during ANC quality do health personnel in preparation forbreastfeeding implement a very important thing. Utilization of Gathering of speechin the concept of 10 T in the ANC should be effected to discuss preparation for lactation;Insufficient perception ASI (PKA) is the mother's thoughts or feelings about thecondition of the absence or reduction in milk production. She felt that her breast milkis not enough to satisfy the needs of the baby. PKA was the main reason mothers stopbreastfeeding early and a reason to give extra food early on the baby. Prevalence of PKA is not certain, it is estimated between 30-80% of breastfeeding mothers hasPKA. This study aims to prove the factors related to PKA in mothers whom had infants aged 0-6 months in Sewon Health Centre Yogyakarta. Design of this study using cross sectional. The numbers of samples in this study were 71 samples ofmothers with babies? 0-6 months exclusive breastfeeding failure due to experiencingPKA. Found as many as 59 (83.1%) mothers had PKA with enough milk. There is a significant relationship counseling milk during Antenatal Care (ANC) by PKA that have enough milk, mothers who did not receive counseling when the ANC likely to have 19.7 times PKA, p = 0.012; OR = 19.746 (95% CI 1.926 to 202.456).Breastfeeding counseling during ANC quality do health personnel in preparation forbreastfeeding implement a very important thing. Utilization of Gathering of speechin the concept of 10 T in the ANC should be effected to discuss preparation for lactation;Insufficient perception ASI (PKA) is the mother's thoughts or feelings about thecondition of the absence or reduction in milk production. She felt that her breast milkis not enough to satisfy the needs of the baby. PKA was the main reason mothers stopbreastfeeding early and a reason to give extra food early on the baby. Prevalence of PKA is not certain, it is estimated between 30-80% of breastfeeding mothers hasPKA. This study aims to prove the factors related to PKA in mothers whom had infants aged 0-6 months in Sewon Health Centre Yogyakarta. Design of this study using cross sectional. The numbers of samples in this study were 71 samples ofmothers with babies? 0-6 months exclusive breastfeeding failure due to experiencingPKA. Found as many as 59 (83.1%) mothers had PKA with enough milk. There is a significant relationship counseling milk during Antenatal Care (ANC) by PKA that have enough milk, mothers who did not receive counseling when the ANC likely to have 19.7 times PKA, p = 0.012; OR = 19.746 (95% CI 1.926 to 202.456).Breastfeeding counseling during ANC quality do health personnel in preparation forbreastfeeding implement a very important thing. Utilization of Gathering of speechin the concept of 10 T in the ANC should be effected to discuss preparation for lactation, Insufficient perception ASI (PKA) is the mother's thoughts or feelings about thecondition of the absence or reduction in milk production. She felt that her breast milkis not enough to satisfy the needs of the baby. PKA was the main reason mothers stopbreastfeeding early and a reason to give extra food early on the baby. Prevalence of PKA is not certain, it is estimated between 30-80% of breastfeeding mothers hasPKA. This study aims to prove the factors related to PKA in mothers whom had infants aged 0-6 months in Sewon Health Centre Yogyakarta. Design of this study using cross sectional. The numbers of samples in this study were 71 samples ofmothers with babies’ 0-6 months exclusive breastfeeding failure due to experiencingPKA. Found as many as 59 (83.1%) mothers had PKA with enough milk. There is a significant relationship counseling milk during Antenatal Care (ANC) by PKA that have enough milk, mothers who did not receive counseling when the ANC likely to have 19.7 times PKA, p = 0.012; OR = 19.746 (95% CI 1.926 to 202.456).Breastfeeding counseling during ANC quality do health personnel in preparation forbreastfeeding implement a very important thing. Utilization of Gathering of speechin the concept of 10 T in the ANC should be effected to discuss preparation for lactation]"

"Latar belakang. Air susu ibu ASI merupakan nutrisi ideal bagi seorang bayi, namunkomposisi ASI bervariasi dan sangat individual. Human milk fortifier HMF direkomendasikan oleh WHO untuk diberikan pada bayi sangat prematur dan/atau bayiberat lahir sangat rendah BBLSR , namun belum terdapat kesepakatan kapan waktumemulainya. Selain itu kelompok ini berisiko mengalami kekurangan atau kelebihan zatbesi akibat pemberian suplementasi besi rutin. Objektif. Mendapatkan profil perubahan kandungan energi makronutrien dan zat besi dariASI bayi sangat prematur dan/atau BBLSR, serta kecukupan kandungan nutrisi dan zat besipada ASI untuk memenuhi kebutuhan yang direkomendasikan.Metode. Studi deskriptif analitik dengan desain multiple measurement pada studilongitudinal. Sampel penelitian adalah ASI ibu yang melahirkan bayi sangat prematurdan/atau BBLSR periode bulan Juli-Oktober 2017 di unit perinatologi RSCM. PemeriksaanASI menggunakan MIRIS dilakukan secara serial selama 4 minggu dan pada minggu 4dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar besi ASI menggunakan ICP-MS. Sebanyak 30 ibu yang memiliki data lengkap hingga minggu 4 dilakukan analisis.Hasil. Terdapat penurunan kandungan protein di ASI p=0,0003 disertai peningkatanlemak p=0,0004 dan kalori p=0,0006 setiap minggunya, namun tidak demikian dengankarbohidrat p=0,447 . Kekurangan protein di ASI didapatkan sejak minggu II pascakelahiran walaupun kalori lemak ASI masih mencukupi. Kadar zat besi ASI pada hari 28ditemukan lebih rendah dari nilai rekomendasi ESPGHAN dan AAP-Con ditemukan padapemeriksaan hari ke 28.Kesimpulan. Terdapat perubahan kandungan makronutrien setiap minggunya pada ASIbayi sangat prematur dan/atau BBLSR dan tidak mencukupi kebutuhan yang direkomendasikan. Pemberian HMF dapat dipertimbangkan untuk diberikan sejak minggu IIuntuk mencukupi kebutuhan tumbuh kejar.

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Background. Mother rsquo s own milk MOM is an ideal nutrition for a baby, but thecomposition is varied and highly individualized. Human milk fortifier HMF is recommended by WHO for very premature infants and or very low birth weight VLBW infants, yet no agreement when to start. In addition, this group is at risk of iron deficiencyor excess due to routine iron supplementation.Objective. To find the changes in macronutrient and iron contents from MOM in verypremature infants and or VLBW infants, as well as the adequacy of nutrients and ironcontents in MOM to conform recommended needs.Method. Analytical descriptive study with multiple measurement design in longitudinalstudy. Subjects were mothers who delivered very premature infants and or VLBW infantsfrom July to October 2017. Breast milk was serialized with MIRIS for 4 weeks and ironcontent was researched with ICP MS at 4th week. The study took place in neonatolgy unitin Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. A total of 30 mothers who had complete data for 4weeks were analyzed.Results. There was a decrease in protein content in breast milk p 0.0003 and increasedfat p 0.0004 and calories p 0.0006 per week, but not in carbohydrates p 0.447 .Although this result is higher than the study of systematic review in Australia in 2016.Protein deficiency in breast milk was found from the first week after birth and iron contentis lower than the value of recommendation of ESPGHAN and AAP Con at 28 dayexamination.Conclusion. Macronutrient content changes each week in breast milk of very prematureand or VLBW infants and not enough from dietary recommendation. Giving HMF may beconsidered at 1st week after birth."

"Pneumonia termasuk Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA) yang banyak menyerang pada balita. Insidens pneumonia balita di Indonesia diperkirakan 10%-20% per tahun. Di kabupaten Indramayu, jumlah kasus pneumonia yang dilaporkan puskesmas selama tahun 1997 s/d 2000 menunjukkan adanya peningkatan. Air Susu Ibu (ASI) pada masa bayi merupakan nutrisi yang terbaik dan terpenting untuk mencapai tumbuh kembang yang optimal. Dewasa ini terdapat kecendungan menurunnya pemberian ASI ekslusif, padahal pemberian ASI tersebut akan memberikan perlindungan terhadap berbagai penyakit termasuk infeksi pernafasan dan infeksi usus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pemberian ASI terhadap terjadinya pneumonia pada anak umur 4-24 bulan di kabupaten Indramayu. Pada penelitian ini sebagai variabel independen utama adalah pemberian ASI. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan kasus kontrol tidak berpadanan (unmatched). Sampel kasus sebanyak 167 orang yaitu anak umur 4-24 bulan yang menderita pneumonia yang datang ke puskesmas di kabupaten Indramayu selama periode Juli-Agustus 2001, sedangkan kontrol juga sebanyak 167 orang yaitu anak umur 4-24 bulan yang merupakan tetangga kasus dan tidak menderita pneumonia, sehingga total sampel sebanyak 334 orang. Pengolahan data menggunakan analisis bivariat dan multivariat yakni multiple regression logistic dengan bantuan software statistik STATA versi 6.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa bayi yang diberi ASI tidak eksklusif mempunyai risiko terjadinya pneumonia pada umur 4-24 bulan sebesar 4,89 kali (95% CI 2,86 - 8,36) dibandingkan dengan bayi yang mendapatkan ASI eksklusif. Hubungan pemberian ASI terhadap terjadinya pneumonia tersebut sudah dilakukan pengendalian variabel independen lainnya. Disamping itu ada variabel lain yakni adanya perokok, adanya asap pembakaran, riwayat imunisasi campak dan jenis kelamin anak yang secara bermakna terdapat hubungan dengan terjadinya pneumonia pada anak umur 4-24 bulan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan adanya hubungan yang cukup kuat antara pemberian ASI tidak eksklusif terhadap terjadinya pneumonia pada anak umur 4-24 bulan. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan Gerakan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif melalui pendidikan kesehatan dan promosi kesehatan bagi ibu-ibu balita rentang pentingnya pemberian ASI eksklusif dalam mencegah terjadinya pneumonia balita.

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Pneumonia is one the Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) which attacked to infant. The incident of infant pneumonia in Indonesia estimated 10-20% each year. In Indramayu district, the number of pneumonia cases that reported by Health Center during the year of 1997-2000 showed there was increasing. Breast-feeding on childhood is the best nutrition and important to achieve the optimal development of infant. Nowadays, there is tendency of the decreasing in giving exclusively breast-feeding; even it will give the protection to varieties of diseases, including lung and intestine infections.

The objective of this study was to identify the relationship of breast-feeding to pneumonia at infant age 4-24 months in Indramayu District. In this study, as Main dependent variable was the breast-feeding. The design.of this study using unmatched. The number of samples were 167 people, they were infants age 4-24 months whose suffering pneumonia that came to Health Center in Indramayu District during the period of July - August 2001. While the control were 167 infants age 4 - 24 months whose the neighbor of cases and *as not suffering pneumonia, so the total of samples were 334 people. The data management used for analysis were bivariate and multivariate, those were multiple regression logistic with supported software statistic STATA version 6.0.

The result of the study showed that the infant who gave the breast-feeding not exclusively had the risk to pneumonia 4,89 times (95% CI 2,86 - 8,36) at the of 4 - 24 months compared to infant whose gave the breast-feeding exclusively The relationship of breast-feeding to such pneumonia has been conducted to control the another independent variable_ Besides that, there were other variables, they - were: smoking, smoke of fire, history of measles immunization and the sex of infant that significantly had the relationship to pneumonia at infant age 4 - 24 months.

The conclusion of this study, there was relationship significantly between breast-feeding not exclusively to pneumonia at infant age 4 - 24 months. So that, it is needed to do the Breast-feeding Movement Exclusively through Health Education and Promotion to infants mothers on the important of breast-feeding in pre-venting to infant pneumonia."

"Air susu ibu adalah makanan bayi yang terbaik karena mengandung komposisi nutrisi yang lengkap dan mengandung faktor-faktor penting untuk kekebalan tubuh bayi termasuk leukosit. Pemberian ASI ekslusif kepada bayi banyak mengalami hambatan, akibat ibu yang harus bekerja kembali  setelah cuti melahirkan. Berbagai upaya dilakukan agar bayi tetap mendapatkan ASI pada saat ibu bekerja, salah satunya adalah dengan cara penyimpanan ASI. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh proses penyimpanan ASI pada wadah plastik terhadap jumlah, viabilitas dan morfologi leukosit. Sampel penelitian ini adalah ASI yang diperoleh dari 7 ibu menyusui selama periode bulan September tahun 2022 hingga Februari tahun 2023, kemudian dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok perlakuan berdasarkan suhu, lama penyimpanan dan metode pencairan ASI beku berdasarkan  rekomendasi CDC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak adanya penurunan yang signifikan pada jumlah total dan viabilitas sel  pada ASI yang disimpan pada wadah plastik. Walaupun terjadi perubahan pada gambaran morfologi leukosit namun proses penyimpanan dan pencairan tidak mempengaruhi populasi CD45+ secara keseluruhan.  Tetapi, perubahan yang signifikan ditemukan pada jumlah monosit dan basofil. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rekomendasi penyimpanan berdasarkan rekomendasi CDC dengan menggunakan wadah plastik tidak memengaruhi kuantitas leukosit. Meskipun demikian, masih diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk memahami apakah perubahan morfologi ini mempengaruhi fungsional dari sel tersebut.

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Mother's milk is the best baby food because it contains a complete nutritional composition and contains important factors for the baby's immune system including leukocytes. Exclusive breastfeeding for babies is increasingly experiencing obstacles, due to social changes that affect women who work after maternity leave. Various efforts have been made so that the baby continues to get breast milk when the mother is working, one of which is by storing breast milk. This study aims to determine the effect of the storage process on the number, viability and morphology of breast milk leukocytes. The sample for this study was breast milk obtained from 7 breastfeeding mothers during the period September 2022 to February 2023, then divided into 4 treatment groups based on temperature, storage time and method of thawing frozen breast milk from the recommendation guide at the CDC. The results showed that there was no significant decrease in the total number and viability of cells in breast milk. Although there was a change in the leukocyte morphology, the storage and thawing processes did not affect the CD45+ population as a whole. However, there were significant changes in the number of monocytes and basophils. The results of this study indicate that the storage recommendations from the CDC do not affect the quantity of leukocytes. Nevertheless, further research is still needed to understand whether these morphological changes affect the function of these cells."

"Pemberian ASI (Air Susu Ibu) salah satu upaya dalam meningkatkan sumber daya manusia. Air Susu Ibu merupakan nutrisi yang terbaik dan yang terpenting bagi bayi untuk meningkatkan kesehatan dan mencapai tumbuh kembang yang optimal. Pemberian ASI akan membantu pertumbuhan bayi yang adekuat dalam 6 bulan pertama kehidupannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pola pemberian ASI dan hubungannya dengan faktor determinan (umur, tingkat pendidikan, status pekerjaan, pengetahuan, sikap, dukungan tenaga kesehatan dan dorongan keluarga) di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Gandus Palembang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan "Cross Sectional" dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan sebagai respondennya adalah 97 orang ibu-ibu yang mempunyai bayi usia 4 sampai 6 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Gandus Palembang. Pengolahan dan analisa data menggunakan uji univariat, bivariat dan multivariat dengan menggunakan Program SPSS versi 10. Analisa bivariat dengan "Chi-Square" dan analisa multivariat menggunakan analisa Regresi Logistik berganda dengan metoda "Backward". Hasil analisa univariat, yang berhubungan dengan pola pemberian ASI di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Gandus Palembang, yaitu waktu pemberian ASI pertama kali pada saat 112 jam setelah lahir sebesar 12,4 % dan 112 - 24 jam setelah lahir 35,1 %. Frekwensi dalam pemberian ASI sesuka bayi (on demand) 71,1 % dan lama (durasi) dalam pemberian ASI usia bayi sampai 4 - 6 bulan masih diberi ASI 87,6 %, pemberian makanan prelacteal seperti susu formula 41, 2 %, lain-lain 44,4 %. Hasil analisa bivariat menunjukan dari 7 variabel yang dianalisa 4 variabel mempunyai hubungan bermakna dengan pola pemberian ASI yaitu : pengetahuan, sikap, dukungan petugas kesehatan dan dorongan keluarga. Dari hasil analisis multivariat menunjukan variabel yang menjadi kandidat model yaitu pengetahuan, sikap, dukungan petugas kesehatan. Variabel yang berpengaruh terhadap pola pemberian ASI adalah dukungan petugas kesehatan. Hasil uji interaksi untuk memperoleh model akhir persamaan rekresi adalah interaksi antara sikap ibu dengan petugas kesehatan. Dalam rangka peningkatan penggunaan pemakaian ASI di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Gandus perlu diupayakan beberapa hal yaitu peningkatan penyuluhan, pemasyarakatan dan penggalakan pemberian ASI. Selain itu perlu adanya pembinaan pengawasan terhadap tenaga kesehatan untuk ikut memasyarakatkan penggunaan ASI.

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Breast-feeding is one of the main factors in the improvement of qualities of human resources. Mother's milk has been found to be best and most important nutrition for babies to improve their health and to maximize their growth to an optimum development. Breast-feeding is an essential element to boost adequate growth of babies during their first 6 month of life. This study has the purpose to identify and present a clear picture of breast-feeding pattern and its relationship with other determinants (such as age, level of education, occupation status, knowledge, attitude, support from health care providers and encouragement from family) within the catchments area of Puskesmas Gandus. Palembang. The research was carried out using the "Cross Sectional" design with a quantitative approach. The data collection process was accomplished by using questionnaire with 97 respondents consisting of mothers who have babies with the range of 4 to 6 months of age, all in the catchment area of Puskesmas Gandus, Palembang. The processing and analyzing of the collected data was conducted using univariate, bivariate and multivariate methods as suggested in the SPSS Software version 10. The bivariate analysis used "Chi-square" test and the multivariate analysis used to Multiple Logistic Regression analysis with Backward method. The univariate analysis showed that only 12,4% respondents who gave first breast-feeding at half-hour after the babies born. Further, the percentage is increased at 35,1% who gave the first breast-feeding at interval - 24 hours. About 71,1% of respondents gave breast-feeding on demand; and 87,6% of them still breastfed their babies until age of 4-6 months. There are 21,2% who gave prelacteal supplements i.e., bottle milk, and 44,4% gave others supplement, such as honey or watered poridge. The result of bivariate analysis show that 4 of the 7 variables showed significant relationship with the prevailing breast-feeding pattern, i.e.: knowledge, attitude, support cf health care providers and encouragement from family. The logistic regression showed that only one variable and one interaction were related to the breast-feeding pattern. This are level of mother's knowledge and interaction between mother's attitude with support of health care providers. In the context of promoting breast-feeding practice within the catchments area of Puskesmas Gandus, it is necessary to prioritize on several issues including education, socialization and advocacy for breast-feeding. In adition, it is also deemed necessary to exercise supervision over the work of the health care providers so that they may actively participate in the socialization of breast-feeding practices."

"Pemberian Air Susu Ibu secara baik dan benar merupakan bentuk upaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia, terutama pemberian Air Susu Ibu secara Eksklusif yaitu pemberian hanya Air Susu Ibu saja tanpa makanan dan minuman pendamping hingga bayi berusia 4 bulan, dalam hal ini termasuk pemberian kolostrum. Namun angka pemberian Air Susu Ibu secara Eksklusif ini masih rendah, serta adanya penurunan dalam pemberian Air Susu Ibu ini. Dan hal tersebut di atas untuk mendapatkan gambaran bagaimana perilaku ibu dalam Air Susu Ibu dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan Perilaku Pemberian Air Susu Ibu secara Eksklusif, maka dilakukan penelitian di Kelurahan Depok, Kecamatan Pancoran Mas. Jenis penelitian ini tergolong jenis penelitian survey dengan menggunakan quistioner sebagai alat pengumpul data, populasi dan sampel adalah ibu-ibu menyusui yang mempunyai bayi berusia 4-6 bulan yang terdaftar sebagai warga di Kelurahan Depok, dan penentuan sampelnya dilakukan secara total sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua responden masih memberikan Air Susu Ibu pada bayinya secara eksklusif sehanyak 75,6%, namun masih ada yang memberikan secara non eksklusif 24,4%, hubungan antar dua variabel yang menunjukkan hasil yang bermakna adalah keyakinan ibu dalam pemberian Air Susu Ibu, sikap ibu dalam pemberian Air Susu Ibu, Dukungan Petugas Kesehatan dalam Pemberian Air Susu Ibu, Dorongan keluarga ibu dalam pemberian Air Susu Ibu, Status pekerjaan ibu dalam hubungannya dengan pemberian Air Susu Ibu. Beberapa variabel walaupun tidak bermakna namun menunjukkan pola hubungan yang jelas yaitu pada ibu yang berada pada usia <35 tahun mempunyai perilaku eksklusif dalam pemberian Air Susu Ibu dan masih ada yang non eksklusif, sedangkan yang usia > 35 tahun ada yang mempunyai perilaku eksklusif dan juga non eksklusif dalam pemberian Air Susu Ibu. Demikian juga variabel tingkat pendidikan, ibu yang mempunyai pendidikan tinggi ada yang mempunyai perilaku eksklusif dan non eksklusif dalam pemberian Air Susu Ibu dan yang berpendidikan rendah demikian juga halnya. Dan mengenai status ekonomi dalam hal ini mengenai pendapatan keluarga dalam satu bulannya, yang berpendapatan tinggi, sedang dan rendah masing-masing ada yang mempunyai perilaku eksklusif dan non eksklusif dalam pemherian Air Susu Ibu pada bayinya. Dan dari hubungan Multi variabel menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang dominan yang benar-benar sigrufikan adalah variabel keyakinan ibu dalam pemberian Air Susu Ibu, dari hasil persamaan regresi yang didapat ternyata mampu menjelaskan 75,63% terhadap populasi. Dan berdasarkan hasil penelitian disarankan, perlu lebih ditingkatkan penyuluhan dan pengembangan materi penyuluhan bagi ibu hamil dan menyusui tentang perilaku pemberian Air Susu ibu yang baik. Bagi Puskesmas dan kader-kader Posyandu yang tidak harus dilakukan di Posyandu saja tetapi lebih luas lagi jangkauannya ke masyarakat, serta bagi penentu kebijakan perlu diberlakukan rawat gabung di tempat tempat bersalin. Dan bagi peneliti lebih lanjut, perlu adanya penelitian selanjutnya mengenai pengaruh program yang dilakukan Puskesmas tentang pemberian Air Susu Ibu secara Eksklusif dengan melihat lama, tempat tinggal, pengaruh suku dan lainnya sesuai dengan perkembangan penelitian.

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Feeding Air Susu Ibu (ASI) in a proper way a very mean to increase the human resources specially when it is presented in Exclusive method, that the only ASI and colostrums are given without any supplementary foods or beverages until the baby get its age of 4 month. Unfortunately such method is still rarely applied, show up in low number, even decreased. Those circumstance drives a research at Kelurahan Depok, Kecamatan Pancoran Mas, to figure of mother behaviors with ASI and any related factors to that Exclusive behavior.The research was a questioner based survey to absorb much datas, populations and samples of baby at Kelurahan Depok. The sample determination is a total sampling.

Results proven all the respondents feed ASI Exclusively 75,6% to babies, while 24,4% un Exclusive significant result are Convictions of ASI feeding, Mother's Attitude, Health Ulcers Supports, Mother's Family Supports, and the Work Position of Mothers. Though still it present couple of unsignificant variables, however, it indicates a clear - relationship pattern with is happened to less than 15 - years aged. Either does this is happened to those aged more than 35 - years.

High-level educational variable has an influence to Exclusive and un-Exclusive behaviors ASI feeding, either does the-level one. Economically it happens to all mothers that has high, medium, or low priced income per month. Relationship of multi-variables indicate that the most-significant one is Mother Convictions to ASI feeding. Regressional equation show it by 75,63% of population.

Based on research itself, it is recommended to share knowlegment to pregnant mother and to those feeding, of about how to give ASI in proper ways. To Puskesmas and youths of Posyandu it is recommended share widely in community. And to the discretioners are necessarily have to enable common-cares of patient in confined places. Evantually, researches quiet necessary to take some next seeking about the influence of Puskesmas program of ASI feeding. It is should have done by looking upwards the time it took, the place it got surrounded tribal-impact analysis. and other factors according to future research propagation."

"Pemberian ASI bagi bayi merupakan cara yang terbaik untuk meningkatkan kualitas sumberdaya manusia sejak dini, karena dengan memberikan ASI berarti memberikan zat gizi yang bernilai tinggi untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan syaraf serta otak, memberikan kekebalan pada tubuh serta mempererat ikatan tali kasih ibu dan bayi.Pemberian ASI yang benar adalah memberikan ASI segera dalam 30 menit setelah kelahiran; tidak memberikan makanan dan minuman selain ASI sampai bayi berumur 4 bulan. Selanjutnya setelah bayi berumur lebih dari 4 bulan mulai diberikan makanan tambahan yang disebut dengan makanan pendamping ASI sampai bayi berumur 2 tahun.Makanan pendamping ASI (MP-ASI) merupakan makanan bagi bayi atau anak yang masih mendapat ASI/PASI yang diberikan secara bertahap sehingga bayi/anak menjadi terbiasa dengan makanan keluarga. Agar ibu dapat berperilaku dengan benar dalam memberikan ASI dan MP-ASI, banyak faktor yang mempengaruhinya antara lain pengetahuan, sikap, kepercayaan, dukungan keluarga, dukungan petugas, tersedianya sarana dan fasilitas yang menunjang pemberian ASI dan MP ASI serta adanya intervensi pendidikan kesehatan terhadap individu, keluarga, kelompok dan masyarakat Hasil survei pada bulan Maret 2002 di desa Waru Jaya Kecamatan Parung Kabupaten Bogor, ditemukan masih rendahnya tingkat pemberian ASI eksklusif den pemberian MP-ASI yang terlalu dini pada bayi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran hubungan karakteristik ibu, dukungan keluarga dan pendidikan kesehatan dengan perilaku pemberian ASI dan MP-ASI dan selanjutnya dapat diketahui faktor yang paling berkontribusi terhadap perilaku pemberian ASI dan MP-ASI di desa Waru Jaya Kecamatan Parung Kabupaten Bogor.Desain penelitian adalah diskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah ibu-ibu yang memiliki bayi berumur 0-12 bulan di Desa Waru Jaya Kecamatan Parung Kabupaten Bogor. Sampel diambil secara total, pengumpulan data dengan cara kunjungan rumah yang dilakukan pada bulan Juli sampai September 2002. Instrumen penelitian terdiri dari karakteristik ibu (demografi, pengetahuan, sikap); karakteristik dukungan keluarga, karakteristik pendidikan kesehatan dan perilaku pemberian ASI dan MP-ASI. Hasil uji coba instrumen pongetahuan, sikap, dukungan keluarga, pendidikan kesehatan dan perilaku pemberian ASI dan MP-ASI dengan nilai Alpha Gronhach (reliabilitas) berkisar antara 0,74-0,96 sedangkan nitai validitas berkisar antara r = 0,72 - 0,96 dari 30 impel yang diuji cobakan. Data kemudian diolah dan dianalisis: untuk analisis univariat disajikan dalam bentuk data numerik, analisis bivariat menggunakan korelasi -regresi dan analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi linear gander. Hasil analisis univariat menunjukkan bahwakarakteristik umur ibu sebagian besar > 25-35 tabus (50%), berpendidikan rendah (58,62%), responden berpendapatan rendah (68,10%). Secara umum pengetahuan responden tentang ASI cukup baik (52,59%) begitu juga pengetahuan responden tentang MP-ASI cukup baik (60,34%). Sikap responden negatif terhadap pemberian ASI (50,86%) dan sikap negatif terhadap pemberian MP-ASI (66,38%). Secara umum dukungan keluarga adalah negatif terhadap pemberian ASI dan MP-ASI (55,17%). Kadang-kadang petugas kesehatan memberikan pendidikan kesehatan di pelayanan kesehatan atau di posyandu tentang ASI (66,38%) dan MP ASI sebesar 56,90%. Perilaku responden secara umum kurang baik dalam memberikan ASI (53,45%) dan perilaku kurang baik dalam memberikan MP-ASI sebesar 54,31%.Berdasarkan hasil analisis bivariat yaitu uji korelasi den regresi didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara pengetahuan, sikap dan dukungan keluarga dengan perilaku pemberian ASI. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan adanya faktor yang paling berkontribusi terhadap perilaku pemberian ASI adalah pengetahuan dan sikap dengan signifikan F = 0,0001 dan R square 0,268.Sedangkan hasil analisis bivariat dengan uji korelasi dan regresi pada perilaku pemberian MP-ASI menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna dari pengetahuan, dukungan keluarga dan pendidikan kesehatan. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan faktor yang paling berkontribusi terhadap perilaku pemberian MP-ASI adalah pengetahuan dengan signifikan F = 0,001 dan R square 0,141. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa karakteristik ibu (pengetahuan dan sikap) dapat menggambarkan perilaku pemberian ASI (26,8%) dan MP-ASI (14,1%).Untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu tentang pemberian AM dan MP-ASI pada bayi dapat diperoleh melalui penyuluhan di posyandu, atau di tempat pelayanan kesehatan lainnya secara berkesinambungan. Kemudian ibu dilatih tentang cara menyusui, serta menyiapkan dan membuat MP-ASI sesuai dengan kondisi keuangan keluarga.Disamping itu perlu ditingkatkan dan dikembangkan program kunjungan rumah aehingga dapat berpengaruh terhadap aktifitas ibu dalam merawat bayi khususnya pemberian ASI dan MP-ASI. Dukungan keluarga juga sangat penting bagi ibu, sejak masa hamil hingga perawatan bayi selanjutnya serta perlunya meningkatkan pembinaan petugas kesehatan di masyarakat dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu manajemen laktasi. Bekerjasama dengan bidang promosi kesehatan DepKes Rl dalam mengembangkan model pembelajaran yang mudah digunakan pada tingkat individu, keluarga, kelompok dan masyarakat pada umumnya. Perlu penelitian lebih lanjut tentang perilaku pemberian ASI dan MP-ASI dangers menggunakan rancangan kualitatif dan dilanjutkan dengan quasi eksperimen.Kepustakaan 59 (1980 - 2001)

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The Relationship among the Characters of Mother, Family Support, Health Education and the Behavior of Giving Breast-Feeding (ASI) and Additional Food (MP-ASI) in Waru Jaya village, Parung, Bogor regency, Indonesia.

Breast feeding (ASI) to the baby is the best way to increase the quality of human resources as early as possible. Because by giving breast feeding (ASI) means giving the nutrient profitably for the growth and the progression of nerves and brain, giving antibody and strengthening the chain of love between a mother and her baby. Well breast feeding means giving `ASI' as 30 minutes after labor. Do not giving other food and drinks except ASI till 4 months of baby's age. Beside ASI, the next 4 months till 2 years of baby will be accustomed to the family's food. There are some factor! that influence a mother behaves well in breast-feeding and giving additional food, namely knowledge, attitude, belief: family support, officers support, the available facilities which conduct breast feeding (ASi) and additional food, the intervention of health education to individual, family, group and society. The survey result on Maret 2002 in Waru Jaya village, Panmg district, Bogor regency, found that the exclusive breast feeding has been law and giving additional food. Finally, the most contributed factors to the behavior in breast feeding and giving additional food in the community mentioned can be known.

The design of this research used ` descriptive analysis' and cross sectional approach. The population of analysis is the mothers whose babies are 0 - 12 months of age. In Waru Jaya village, Parting district, Bogor regency. The sampling was taken totally_ Data collecting done by doing home visit on July till September 2002. The instrument of research consist of the character of family support, the character of health education and the behavior in breast feeding (ASI) and giving additional food The result of the test to the knowledge, attitude, family support, health education and behavior of giving breast feeding and additional food using the `Alpha Cronbach' around 0,74 - 0,96 and the score of validity around (r = 0,72 - 0,96) of the sample tested.

The data was processed and analyzed; for univariat analysis was presented based on the numeral data and used correlation - regression and multivariat analysis used double linear regression. The result of univariat analysis showed that the character of mother's age most > 25 -- 35 years (50%), low education (58,62%), low income (68,10%). Generally the respondents' knowledge about breast- feeding is good enough (52,59%) and the knowledge about additional food as well (60,34%). The negative attitude of respondent to breast- feeding is 50,86% and the negative attitude to giving additional food is 66,38 %. Anyway in general, the family support to breast- feeding and giving additional food is negative (55,17%). Sometimes the health officers (66,38%) give health education about breast-feeding in doing health service or at Posyandu (central for integrated service) and as many as 56,90% about giving additional food. The behavior of respondent is generally worse in breast-feeding (53,45%) and giving additionnl food (54,31%).

Based on the result of bivariat analysis found that there is a significant relationship between the knowledge, the attitude, the family support and the behavior of breast-feeding. The result of multivariat analysis shows the most contributed factor to the behavior of breast-feeding, namely the factor of knowledge and attitude significantly F = 0,0001 and R square 0,268. Mean while by using the correlation and regression teat about behavior of additional food, there is a significant relationship between knowledge, family support and health education. The result of multivariat analysis shows that the most contributed to behavior of giving additional food is the factor of knowledge, significantly F = 0,001 and R square 0,141. From this can be concluded that the character of mother (in knowledge and attitude) can illustrate the behavior of breast-feeding and giving additional food to the baby in 0-12 months of age.

To increase the mothers' knowledge about breast-feeding and additional food to the baby can be done by giving the information about it in Posyandu or in other health sevices continuously. Then, the mothers are trained how to do breast-feeding and making or providing additional food according to their finance condition they face_ Beside that, it is necessary do increase and develop `home visit programe', so it can influence the mothers activities in looking after their babies, especially in breast-feeding and giving additional food. Family support also has an import= role for the mother since she is in pregnancy till the time of baby's treatment. The establishment of health officers needs to be done in community to increase the quality of lactation management It is necessary to work together with the institution of health promotion, Departement of Health in developing the type of easier learning used in the level of individual, family, group and society in general. It is also necessary to have continuous research about the behavior in the breast-feeding and giving additional food using the qualitative design in order to get better result.

Bibliography 59 (1980 - 2001)"