Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas tentang hubungan kerja sama dan konflik di antaraTiongkok dengan negara-negara Indocina. Penelitian ini berusaha menjawabpertanyaan penelitian mengenai alasan di balik keberlangsungan Greater MekongSubregion Economic Cooperation (GMS) tahun 1992-2014, meskipun terdapatkonflik antara Tiongkok dengan negara-negara Indocina. Tujuan penelitian iniialah untuk memahami pemenuhan kepentingan negara anggota yang menjadialasan keberlangsungan GMS. Dengan metode studi kasus tunggal, penelitian inimenggunakan pendekatan realist institutionalism melalui konsep institusi sebagaiwadah kepentingan negara, serta konsep negara besar dan kecil dalam institusiinternasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakter GMS telahmendorong pemenuhan kepentingan negara anggota dengan kepemimpinanTiongkok dan terakomodirnya voice opportunities bagi negara-negara GMS-5.Pemenuhan kepentingan ini memberikan keuntungan yang bersifat mutual gains,berubahnya fokus menjadi kerja sama, serta bertahannya negara anggota dalaminstitusi. Akibatnya, hubungan timbal balik di antara GMS dan negara anggotanyaini berdampak pada keberlangsungan GMS pada tahun 1992-2014, meskipun disisi lain terdapat konflik di antara Tiongkok dengan negara-negara Indocina.Penelitian ini memberikan sumbangsih kepada studi Institusi Internasional danEkonomi Politik Internasional.

---

ABSTRACTThis undergraduate thesis discusses about cooperation and conflicts betweenChina and Indochina countries. This research tries to answer the continuity ofGreater Mekong Subregion Economic Cooperation (GMS) in the period of 1992-2014, eventhough there were several conflicts happening between China andIndochina countries. The purpose for this research is to understand the fulfilmentof member countries? interests that can answer the reason of GMS? continuity.Along with single case study method, this research used realist institutionalism asapproach, through the concept of institution?s role as server of member countries?interest, and concept of big and small countries in international institutions. Thisresearch showed that characteristics of GMS helped serving the interest ofmember countries, through leadership of China and voice opportunities for GMS-5 countries. This fulfilment of interest gave impact to mutual gains between smalland big countries, refocusing the sub-region to cooperation, and lastingparticipation of the member countries. In consequence, this reciprocal relationbetween GMS as institution and its member contributed to the continuity of GMSin period of 1992-2014, eventhough there were several conflicts happeningbetween China and Indochina countries. This research gives contribution to thestudy of International Institution and International Political Economy."

"The large market size and abundant resources of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), including a large, motivated and cheap workforce, a rich agricultural base, extensive timber and fisheries resources, considerable potential mineral resources, and vast energy resources have seen the subregion increasingly recognized as a new frontier of Southeast Asian economic strength. This book aims to assess the recent economic, social and political developments in the GMS and identify emerging opportunities and challenges facing the successful transition towards a market-driven economy."

"Since the 1990s, regional organizations of the United Nations and international financial institutions have adopted a new dynamic of transnational integration, within the framework of the regionalization process of globalization."

"Since the dawn of the industrial revolution, and the ushering in of an era of global economic relations, the United States and Europe have been the core poles of economic power. However, China along with India is increasingly challenging the traditional economic hegemony. An issue of great importance is how this shift in the global economic balance of power will affect developing economies and the transition economies of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), which are located in China's backyard and deeply integrated into its economy through regional supply chains."

"Dari sekitar 40 juta pengidap HIV/AIDS di dunia pada akhir tahun 2003,lebih dari 7 juta orang berada di kawasan Asia dan Pasifik.Ham 2 juta di antaranya ada di negara-negara Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) Kambija ,Laos ,Myanmar,Thailand Vietnam dan prpinsi Yunnan Cina....."

"Dari sekitar 40 juta di dunia pada akhir tahun 2003,lebih dari 7 juta orang berada di kawasan Asia dan Pasifik. Hampir 2juta di antaranya ada di negara-negara Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS): Kamboja,Laos,Myanmar,Thailand,Vietnam dan Propinsi Yunnan Cina....."

"ABSTRAKSebelum konsep cultural distance dikembangkan, konsep distance dalam perdagangan terfokus kepada geographical distance. Perbedaan norms, values, serta beliefs merupakan cultural distance yang berpotensi memunculkan trade cost sehingga menurunkan perdagangan. Variabel dari World Values Survey seperti trust, respect, control, dan obedience digunakan sebagai indikator cultural distance untuk menganalisis hubungan cultural distance dan perdagangan di dalam kawasan ekonomi APEC. Sebanyak 6,728 observasi digunakan dengan periode penelitian tahun 1990-2013, pertama-tama penelitian ini menggunakan metode estimasi pooled-effect OLS.Namun hasil dari pooled-effect OLS berpotensi mengandung endogenitas, sehingga penelitian ini menggunakan 3SLS sebagai strategi empiris dalam mengatasi endogenitas. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan cultural distance tidak berpengaruh terhadap perdagangan di dalam kawasan APEC, tetapi perdagangan di dalam kawasan ekonomi APEC terbukti mampu menurunkan keengganan berdagang yang muncul akibat cultural distance.

---

ABSTRACT

Before the concept of cultural distance has been developed, the concept of distance in the trade has focused on geographical distance. The Differences of norms, values, and beliefs are forms of cultural distance that have potential to generate trade cost, thus lowering trade. Variables from World Values Surveys such as trust, respect, control, and obedience are used as indicators of cultural distance to analyze cultural distance and trade relations within APEC economies. A total of 6,728 observations were used for the period of 1990 2013, first of all this research used the pooled effect OLS estimation method.However, the result of pooled effect OLS potentially contains endogeneity, so this study uses 3SLS as an empirical strategy in overcoming endogenity. The estimation result shows that cultural distance has no impact within the APEC economic region, on the other hand trade within the APEC economic region decreases the reluctance of trading that occurs due to cultural distance."

"Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari keterbukaan perdagangan terhadap korupsi pada 18 ekonomi anggota APEC. Pengukuran keterbukaan perdagangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari dua pengukuran yaitu trade intensity dan composite trade intensity. Penelitian ini menggunakan data 18 ekonomi selama tahun 2002-2011. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa keterbukaan perdagangan mampu mengurangi korupsi, oleh karena itu pengurangan hambatan perdagangan perlu dilakukan sebagai usaha untuk mengurangi tingkat korupsi di ekonomi APEC.

---

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of trade openness on corruption in 18 economies member of APEC. This study uses two measurements of trade openness, trade intensity and composite trade intensity. This study uses the data from 18 APEC economies during 2002-2011. The result of this research shows that trade openness both in trade intensity and composite trade intensity can reduce the corruption."