Indonesia's population aged 60 years and over has doubled in the last two decades. Older adults will reach 19.9 percent in 2045, meaning almost one-fifth of Indonesia's population are elderly. Data Susenas 2021 showed that older people dominate the use of firewood and charcoal for cooking at about 18.72 percent, while the non-elderly population is only 10.29 percent. Using traditional cooking fuels like firewood and charcoal indicates energy poverty deprivation. Several studies have been conducted to investigate energy poor in older people and its impact on health, cognitive and mental health, and well-being with household unit analysis. Studies on the effect of multidimensional energy poverty (MEP) on older people's health with individuals are limited and have never been held in Indonesia. This study aims to measure MEP at the individual level of older people in Indonesia and then investigate its impact on their health status. This study uses the historical distance from each regency where the older people lived to the nearest power plant in 1985 as an instrumental variable to overcome the endogeneity problem. The Data processing results of Susenas from 2019 to 2021 found that the number of older people in Indonesia who experience multidimensional energy poverty (MEP) is still very high. There is 72,05 percent of older people who experience energy poverty in 2021. The result of OLS regression is that MEP significantly negatively correlates with older people's health. The coefficient from the two-stage least square estimation result, including all control variables, is -0.3964. At the mean level of the control group, multidimensional energy poverty reduces the health status of older people by 67,19 percent. This study further conducted western-eastern regional and urban-rural comparative analyses. The findings demonstrate that the health of older people in the eastern region is more severely affected, and multidimensional energy poverty deteriorates the health status of rural older people.
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