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"ABSTRAKLatar belakang Hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyakit yang memerlukan kemampuan dalam menjalankan regimen medis yang diberikan. Ketidakpatuhan terhadap regimen medis akan berdampak pada peningkatan tekanan darah serta kerusakan beberapa organ tubuh. Pada penderita hipertensi, kepatuhan dalam menjalankan regimen medis merupakan masalah yang sulit dilakukan, karena kurangnya kesadaran, padahal perkembangan kognitif mereka belum mengalami penurunan. Penelitian ini memberikan Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) kepada tiga orang penderita hipertensi yang bermasalah dengan kepatuhan medisnya. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah dengan modul CBT-AD yang sebelumnya telah terbukti dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan medis pada penderita diabetes. Pemberian intervensi akan disesuaikan dengan kondisi partisipan yang menderita hipertensi. Pengukuran dilakukan pada sebelum dan setelah intervensi. Hasil pengukuran diperoleh dari pengisian alat ukur Hill-Bone High Blood Pressure Compliance Scale, wawancara dan observasi, dan pengukuran tekanan darah yang menunjukkan peningkatan kepatuhan medis pada ketiga partisipan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) efektif dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan medis pada penderita hipertensi. Partisipan merasa bahwa mereka mendapatkan manfaat dari teknik-teknik yang diajarkan selama proses terapi dan juga merasa sangat terbantu dengan teknik-teknik tersebut dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan medisnya. Ketiga pertisipan juga menyadari bahwa untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan medisnya, mereka harus selalu menerapkan teknik-teknik tersebut dalam kegiatan sehari-hari

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ABSTRACTBackground Hypertension is one of the diseases that require skills in running a medical regimen. Poor adherence to medical regimens will increase blood pressure and damage to multiple organs. In hypertensive, non-compliance in medical regimens is a problem that often occurs due to lack of awareness, but their cognitive development has not decreased. This research provides a Cognitive Behavior Therapy to three people with hypertension who have problems with medical compliance. Research design use is the CBT-AD module that has previously been shown to improve medical adherence in diabetics. Intervention will be adapted to the conditions of participants who suffer hypertension. Assesments were taken before and after the intervention. Result assesments through Hill-Bone High Blood Pressure Compliance Scale, interviews and observations, and blood pressure measurements, which showed increase in medical compliance on all three participants. Conclusion of this research proved that Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is effective to increase medical adherence in people with hypetension. Participants feel benefit from the techniques taught during the therapy and also be helped with these techniques for improving their medical compliance behavior. Third partisipan also realized that to increase medical compliance, they have to always apply these techniques in their daily activities."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang Diabetes melitus tipe 2 adalah penyakit kronis yang perawatannya sangat bergantung kepada kemampuan penderitanya untuk mematuhi regimen medis berupa pengaturan pola makan, berolahraga, pengecekan kadar glukosa darah, dan meminum obat sesuai anjuran. Ketidakpatuhan terhadap regimen medis dapat mengakibatkan kontrol glukosa darah memburuk dan memperbesar resiko komplikasi penyakit, seperti gangguan mata dan hipertensi. Pada lansia dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2, kepatuhan medis menjadi suatu isu yang lebih kompleks, karena semakin bertambah usia seseorang maka regimen medis yang dimiliki juga akan menjadi lebih kompleks, sedangkan kemampuan kognitif dan memori mengalami penurunan. Oleh karena itu, peneliti mencoba menjawab permasalahan tersebut dengan memberikan Cognitive Behavioral Therapy kepada 2 (dua) orang lansia dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2 yang bermasalah dengan kepatuhan medis. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan single subject design. Pengukuran dilakukan saat pra-intervensi, pertengahan intervensi, dan pasca-intervensi. Hasil pengukuran intervensi melalui pengisian 8-Item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), wawancara dan observasi, serta pengukuran kadar glukosa darah, menunjukkan kenaikan tingkat kepatuhan medis dari rendah menjadi menengah pada kedua partisipan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa Cognitive Behavioral Therapy efektif untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan medis pada para lansia dengan penyakit diabetes melitus tipe 2. Partisipan juga merasa mendapatkan manfaat dari teknik-teknik yang diajarkan dalam terapi ini dan memahami bahwa untuk mempertahankan kepatuhan medis yang mereka miliki, partisipan perlu untuk selalu menerapkan teknik-teknik tersebut dalam keseharian mereka.

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ABSTRACT

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease which its treatment heavily depend on patients ability to adhere to their medical regimens. Type 2 diabetes mellitus medical regimen consists of healthy diets, frequent exercises, blood glucose level control, and regular taking of medications. Non-adherence to medical regimen could lead to worse blood glucose control and result in the increase of another disease complication, such as glaucoma and hypertension. In older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, medical adherence becomes a more complex issue, because as people grow old, their medical regimen will become more complex. Meanwhile, their cognitive and memory ability decrease. In this research, the researcher will provide Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for 2 (two) older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and have problems with their medical adherence. Research design use single subject design. There are three assessments that were taken, pre-intervention, mid-intervention, and post-intervention. Result assessments through 8-Item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), interview, observation, and blood glucose control showed increase in medical adherence levels, from low medical adherence to medium medical adherence in both participants. Conclusion this research proved that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is effective to increase medical adherence in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. All participants also experienced the benefits from techniques that were given during therapy and understood that to maintain the medical adherence they achieved; they need to keep applied those techniques into their daily life."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas penerapan Cognitive Behavior Therapy CBT untuk meningkatkan self esteem Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah anak laki laki usia 10 tahun yang memiliki self esteem rendah Self esteem diukur dengan menggunakan skala Self Perception Profile for Children dari Susan Harter 2012 dan didukung dari hasil wawancara dengan orang tua Intervensi Cognitive Behavior Therapy CBT yang diberikan untuk meningkatkan self esteem yang rendah terdiri dari empat tahapan Tahap pertama yaitu pra intervensi dilakukan sebanyak dua sesi Tahap kedua yang berisipsikoedukasi kepada orang tua terkait dengan peran orang tua dalam mendukung intervensi CBT dilakukansebanyak dua sesi Tahap ketiga yaitu tahap intervensi terdiri dari 12 sesi Tahap keempat yaitu post intervensi diberikan sebanyak dua sesi Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan self esteem terutama pada domain kemampuan sosial kemampuan atletik penampilan fisik dan self esteem secara keseluruhan Peran orang tua yang mampu menerapkan teknik SUPPORT Show Understand Patient Prompt Observe Reward Talk diduga turut mendukung keberhasilan intervensi yang sudah dilakukan pada anak

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The aim of this study was to know the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavior Therapy CBT to increase self esteem The participant of this study is a 10 years old boy who has low self esteem Self esteem was measured by Self Perception Profile for Children from Susan Harter 2012 and supported by interviewing with parents Cognitive Behavior Therapy CBT that wasdoneconsisted of four stages Stage one that was pre intervention consisted of two sessions Stage two that includedpsychoeducation to parents about their roles to support CBT to their child consisted of two sessions Stage three was the intervention to the child that consisted of 12 sessions Stage four that was post intervention consisted of two sessions The result of this study showed thatCBTcould increase self esteem especially insocial competence athletic competence physical appearance and global self esteem Parent rsquo s role to apply SUPPORT technique Show Understand Patient Observe Reward Talk was predicted supportingthe success of this intervention "

"ABSTRAKPenurunan jumlah aktivitas pada lansia biasa dikaitkan dengan pengalaman tidak menyenangkan seperti tidak memiliki teman, perasaan hampa dan kesepian. Pengalaman tersebut didefinisikan sebagai loneliness yang sifatnya subjektif dan mempengaruhi kualitas hidup serta kesehatan individu. Loneliness ditemukan dapat mempengaruhi tekanan darah sistolik pada lansia yang mengarahkan lansia pada gangguan hipertensi.Fenomena terkait loneliness dapat ditemukan pada para lansia di Depok. Peneliti memberikan Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) pada 3 (tiga) orang lansia untuk menurunkan tingkat loneliness yang dialaminya. Jika loneliness telah menurun, maka peneliti juga mengharapkan tekanan darah lansia dapat turun dan stabil. Penelitian dijalankan dengan menggunakan desain single-subject repeated measures dengan melakukan tiga kali pengukuran di awal, pertengahan dan akhir rangkaian intervensi untuk melihat pengaruh pemberian terapi terhadap loneliness yang dialami partisipan.Hasil dari penelitian adalah ketiga partisipan mengalami penurunan loneliness yang terlihat dari wawancara, observasi, dan pengukuran menggunakan The Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, The De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, dan Personal Definitions of Loneliness. Seluruh partisipan juga mengalami penurunan tekanan darah menurut hasil pemeriksaan menggunakan tensi meter digital. Penurunan loneliness diperkirakan terjadi karena ketaatan partisipan dalam menjalani terapi terutama dalam melakukan perubahan perilaku serta adanya motivasi yang tinggi dalam pelaksanaan terapi. Penurunan loneliness akan lebih signifikan jika partisipan memiliki dukungan sosial untuk mempertahankan perilaku positif serta kemampuan bahasa yang lebih baik. Selain itu, Partisipan telah mampu mempraktikkan teknik-teknik yang diberikan dalam terapi seperti mengenali loneliness yang dialami, relaksasi, pemecahan masalah, dan melawan pikiran buruk.

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ABSTRACT

In older adults, reduced activities often related to unpleasant experiences, such as having no friends, feeling of emptiness and loneliness. Feeling of loneliness is subjective to individuals and affects their health and quality of life. It is found that loneliness can have impact on systolic blood pressure among older adults and result in hypertension.

Phenomena related to loneliness happen among older adults in Depok. This study evaluated the efficacy of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) in reducing level of loneliness among older adults, so that their blood pressure would get lower and stay in a stable condition. Design of the study was single-subject repeated measures with three participants, and three times measurement (initial, middle, final).

Results of the study suggest that all three participants' level of loneliness reduced, which can be seen from interview, observation, and scores of quantitative inventories (The Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, The De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, and Personal Definitions of Loneliness). Participants' blood pressure also reduced. Participants' compliance to therapy processes, such as high motivation and changes in behavior, contributed to the reduced level of loneliness. It is assumed that loneliness scores would be reduced more significantly if participants had better social support, maintained positive behaviors, and had better verbal capacity. Despite of lack of verbal capacity, participants were able to practice some techniques, such as identifying loneliness, relaxation, problem solving, and countering negative thoughts."

"Hipertensi merupakan golongan penyakit tidak menular yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat secara luas khususnya pada beberapa negara berkembang dengan ekonomi menengah kebawah termasuk Indonesia. Dampak psikologis hipertensi yaitu stres, ansietas dan kemarahan, perasaan kurang bertenaga. Beberapa penelitian menunjukan bahwa Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) efektif untuk klien hipertensi dalam mengontrol tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik, menurunkan gejala cemas dan depresi, serta meningkatkan kualitas tidur. Hasil dari studi -studi menuliskan pelaksanaan CBT dari segi waktu dan jumlah pertemuan masih beragam Tujuan : penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengekplorasi kebutuhan terapi psikososial : CBT untuk klien hipertensi. Metode: penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan dengan wawancara mendalam, partisipan dalam penelitian ini didapatkan 20 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik thematic analysis dengan 6 langkah yaitu Familiarising, Genarating Codes, Searching For Themes, Reviewing Themes , Defining and Naming Theme dan Producing The Report. Hasil: Hasil wawancara dan catatan lapangan dari partisipan mengidentifikasi 4 tema yaitu respons emosi terhadap penyakit, respons kognitif dan perilaku terhadap penyakit, strategi teknis CBT dan harapan dan manfaat CBT. Kebutuhan terapi psikososial : CBT untuk pasien Hipertensi lebih tergambar dari tema ketiga yaitu kebutuhan pada startegi teknis CBT. Kebutuhan strategi dan teknis CBT berbeda antara pasien di Puskesmas Semplak dan di Rumah Sakit Marzoeki Mahdi , seperti tempat pertemuan, dan teknis tugas tambahan. Kesimpulan: Kebutuhan klien Hipertensi terhadap startegi teknis pelaksanaan CBT di Puksesmas adalah kunjungan rumah dengan sebulan sekali, kemudian Rumah Sakit Jiwa Marzoeki Mahdi waktu sebulan sekali tetap di Rumah sakit.

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Hypertension is a group of non-communicable diseases that are still a public health problem, especially in several developing countries with lower-middle economies, including Indonesia. The psychological impact of hypertension is stress, anxiety and anger, feeling less energetic. Several studies have shown that Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is effective for hypertensive clients in controlling systolic and diastolic blood pressure, reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression, and improving sleep quality. The results of studies that describe the implementation of CBT in terms of time and number of meetings are still varied. Objectives: This study aims to explore the need for psychosocial therapy: CBT for hypertensive clients. Methods: this research uses descriptive qualitative method. Data collected by in-depth interviews, participants in this study obtained 20 people. This study uses a thematic analysis technique with 6 steps, namely Familiarising, Generating Codes, Searching For Themes, Reviewing Themes, Defining and Naming Themes and Producing The Report. Results: The results of interviews and field notes from participants identified 4 themes, namely emotional responses to illness, cognitive and behavioral responses to illness, CBT technical strategies and expectations and benefits of CBT. The need for psychosocial therapy: CBT for hypertension patients is illustrated by the third theme, namely the need for CBT technical strategies. The need for CBT strategies and techniques differed between patients at the Semplak Health Center and Marzoeki Mandi Hospital, such as meeting places, and additional technical tasks. Conclusion: Hypertension clients' needs for technical strategies for implementing CBT at Community Health Centers are home visits once a month, then Marzoeki Mahdi Mental Hospital once a month stays in the hospital."

"ABSTRAKCognitive Behavior Therapy CBT untuk Meningkatkan Illness Acceptance pada Pasien Retinitis Pigmentosa Latar Belakang Retinitis Pigmentosa RP adalah salah satu jenis penyakit retinal herediter yang bersifat degeneratif dan dapat berujung pada kebutaan total. Dampak kerusakan penglihatan pada RP dapat mempengaruhi berbagai aspek di dalam kehidupan penderitanya, baik itu fisik, psikologis maupun psikososial penderitanya. Pasien usia dewasa awal memiliki risiko yang lebih besar mengalami permasalahan psikologis sehubungan dengan adanya perubahan serta gangguan signifikan terhadap peran sosialnya. Di sisi lain, penerimaan individu terhadap penyakit dapat mengurangi reaksi dan emosi negatif terkait dengan penyakit dan penanganan medisnya. Penerimaan terhadap penyakit bermanfaat untuk membantu pasien dalam mengoptimalkan fungsi kesehariannya sehingga ia dapat beradaptasi dengan sisa fungsi penglihatannya dan dampak dari hendaya penglihatannya terhadap kehidupannya. Oleh karena itu, peneliti mencoba menjawab kebutuhan tersebut dengan memberikan Cognitive Behavior Therapy kepada 3 tiga orang penyandang Retinitis Pigmentosa. Desain Penelitian Penelitian dijalankan dengan menggunakan desain single subject design. Adapun intervensi CBT diberikan dalam 5 sesi. Hasil Partisipan mengalami peningkatan illness acceptance yang ditandai dengan perbaikan skor Illness Cognition Questionnaire ICQ pada subskala Acceptance maupun Helplessness. Kata kunci: Illness acceptance, retinitis pigmentosa, low vision, dewasa awal, cognitive behavioral therapy.

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ABSTRACTCognitive Behavior Therapy CBT to Increase Illness Acceptance in Adult Retinitis Pigmentosa Patients Background Retinitis pigmentosa RP is a slowly progressive loss of vision which eventually leads to bare or no light perception, posing a continuous threat to patients 39 independence. Negative psychological states such as distress, sleepiness, anxiety and depression are common in RP patients due to the nature of this chronic, disabling illness. Young adults with RP present unique challenges and more prone to psychological problems because of their significant change in many areas of their life, such as working life and care giving roles that inevitably be compromised. Within coping strategy to deal with this disabling illness, acceptance is considered a key variable. When patients accept the disease, it is assumed that they will adjust their life goals towards more achievable goals by integrating this difficult life event. In this research, the researcher provide Cognitive Behavior Therapy for three RP patients. Design With single subjet design, this research aims to find out the effectivity of 5 sessions CBT to improve the illness acceptance of RP patients. Result Improvement was found for all variables in two subscales of Illness Cognition Questionnaire. Qualitatively, it is also found that CBT helps the patient to unconditionally accept themselves, have more positive thoughts towards their illness, and learn how to cope more effectively. "

"[Latar Belakang : Konflik relasi berpacaran rentan dialami oleh dewasa muda. Konflik yang tidak terselesaikan memunculkan kekerasan dalam pacaran. Kekerasan dalam pacaran mungkin terjadi dalam bentuk fisik, psikologis, seksual dan ekonomi. Riwayat pengalaman traumatis yang dialami sebelumnya oleh individu, membentuk self-esteem rendah pada individu dan membuka peluang pada individu untuk kembali terjebak pada relasi berkekerasan yang serupa, salah satunya kekerasan dalam pacaran. Self-esteem yang rendah mengakibatkan korban sulit untuk keluar dari siklus relasi berkekerasan tersebut. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan intervensi untuk meningkatkan self-esteem pada dewasa muda yang mengalami kekerasan dalam pacaran. Intervensi yang telah terbukti efektif dalam menangani self-esteem yang rendah adalah cognitive behavior therapy. Metode : Penelitian ini berupa intervensi CBT pada 4 orang partisipan. Desain penelitian ini termasuk dalam one group pretest-posttest design (before and after). Analisis : Analisis dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan data kuantitatif dari hasil pre-test dan post-test pada alat ukur RSES. Analisa kualitatif dilakukan melalui wawancara dan observasi terhadap perkembangan dan perubahan yang dialami partisipan. Hasil : CBT cukup berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan self-esteem pada partisipan, namun demikian intervensi selama 6 sesi pertemuan ini dirasa belum cukup untuk mengatasi permasalahan kekerasan dalam pacaran secara menyeluruh. Partisipan mengalami perubahan aspek kognitif dan perilaku. Partisipan merasa percaya diri dan nyaman terhadap penampilan fisik maupun kemampuan yang dimiliki. Partisipan memperoleh pemikiran yang lebih realistis untuk keluar dari relasi pacaran yang tidak sehat.

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Background: Conflicts in dating relationship are commonly experienced by young adults. Unfinished conflict provokes violence in dating relationship. Dating violence may occur in physical, psychological, sexual, and economic matter. Previous traumatic events, experienced by individual, conceive low self-esteem and provide more possible chance for individual to get back to the same violence based relationship, including dating violence. Low self-esteem causes the victims to withdraw themselves from the violence-based relationship. Hence, interventions are required to enhance self-esteem on young adults who experience dating violence. Cognitive behavior therapy is considered effective in enhancing self-esteem. Method: This research investigated CBT intervention on 4 participants with the research design of one group pretest-posttestdesign(before and after). Analysis: Analysis was carried out by comparing quantitative data of pre-test and post-test result acquired from RSES instrument. Qualitative analysis was carried out through interview and observation on the development and changes experienced by participants. Results: CBT is influential enough in enhancing self-esteem on participants, nevertheless 6 meetings session of intervention are considered less effective in solving dating violence entirely. Qualitative result indicated that participants experienced changes in cognitive and behavior aspects. Participants felt confident and secure either about their physical performance or their competence. Participants obtained realistic thinking to withdraw themselves from unhealthy dating relationship.;Background: Conflicts in dating relationship are commonly experienced by young adults. Unfinished conflict provokes violence in dating relationship. Dating violence may occur in physical, psychological, sexual, and economic matter. Previous traumatic events, experienced by individual, conceive low self-esteem and provide more possible chance for individual to get back to the same violence based relationship, including dating violence. Low self-esteem causes the victims to withdraw themselves from the violence-based relationship. Hence, interventions are required to enhance self-esteem on young adults who experience dating violence. Cognitive behavior therapy is considered effective in enhancing self-esteem. Method: This research investigated CBT intervention on 4 participants with the research design of one group pretest-posttestdesign(before and after). Analysis: Analysis was carried out by comparing quantitative data of pre-test and post-test result acquired from RSES instrument. Qualitative analysis was carried out through interview and observation on the development and changes experienced by participants. Results: CBT is influential enough in enhancing self-esteem on participants, nevertheless 6 meetings session of intervention are considered less effective in solving dating violence entirely. Qualitative result indicated that participants experienced changes in cognitive and behavior aspects. Participants felt confident and secure either about their physical performance or their competence. Participants obtained realistic thinking to withdraw themselves from unhealthy dating relationship., Background: Conflicts in dating relationship are commonly experienced by young adults. Unfinished conflict provokes violence in dating relationship. Dating violence may occur in physical, psychological, sexual, and economic matter. Previous traumatic events, experienced by individual, conceive low self-esteem and provide more possible chance for individual to get back to the same violence based relationship, including dating violence. Low self-esteem causes the victims to withdraw themselves from the violence-based relationship. Hence, interventions are required to enhance self-esteem on young adults who experience dating violence. Cognitive behavior therapy is considered effective in enhancing self-esteem. Method: This research investigated CBT intervention on 4 participants with the research design of one group pretest-posttestdesign(before and after). Analysis: Analysis was carried out by comparing quantitative data of pre-test and post-test result acquired from RSES instrument. Qualitative analysis was carried out through interview and observation on the development and changes experienced by participants. Results: CBT is influential enough in enhancing self-esteem on participants, nevertheless 6 meetings session of intervention are considered less effective in solving dating violence entirely. Qualitative result indicated that participants experienced changes in cognitive and behavior aspects. Participants felt confident and secure either about their physical performance or their competence. Participants obtained realistic thinking to withdraw themselves from unhealthy dating relationship.]"

"Latar Belakang: Rheumatoid arthritis merupakan kondisi nyeri yang menyakitkan dan mempengaruhi berbagai aspek kehidupan penderitanya, seperti fisik, psikologis, dan psikososial. Nyeri yang dialami penderita ini dapat membuatnya merasa lemah dan kesulitan dalam beraktivitas sehari-hari. Dampak paling buruk yang dialami oleh penderita rheumatoid arthritis ialah pengaruh negatifnya terhadap kualitas hidupnya. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui efektivitas pemberian manajemen nyeri dengan intervensi multi-component cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup pada penderita rheumatoid arthritis. Metode: Dua orang partisipan yang menderita rheumatoid arthritis diberikan intervensi multi-component cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) sebanyak enam kali pertemuan. Intervensi ini terdiri dari identifikasi masalah dan sharing mengenai penyakit yang dialami, psikoedukasi, latihan relaksasi, self monitoring, dan restrukturisasi pikiran negatif. Pengukuran efektivitas dilakukan dengan metode pretest-posttest menggunakan Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) untuk melihat perubahan skor intensitas nyeri yang dialami dan Rheumatoid Arthritis Quality of Life (RAQoL) untuk melihat perubahan skor kualitas hidup. Hasil: Kedua partisipan mengalami peningkatan kualitas hidup seiring dengan menurunnya intensitas nyeri yang dirasakan setelah mengikuti manajemen nyeri dengan intervensi multi-component cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) ini. Hasil penelitian secara kualitatif juga menunjukkan bahwa latihan relaksasi merupakan teknik yang paling bermanfaat bagi kedua partisipan untuk menurunkan intensitas nyeri yang dirasakan. Kesimpulan: Intervensi multi-component cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) efektif dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup pada penderita rheumatoid arthritis.

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Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is a painful condition which is painful and affects many aspects of life of sufferers, such as physical, psychological, and psychosocial. Pain experienced by the patient can make her feel weak and difficulties in daily activities. The worst impacts experienced by people with rheumatoid arthritis are negative effects on quality of life.

Purpose: To know the effectiveness of pain management with intervention multicomponent cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to improve quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods: Two patients with rheumatoid arthritis as participants given intervention multi-component of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as many as six sessions. This intervention consists of identifying problems and sharing about disease experienced, psychoeducation, relaxation training, self-monitoring, and restructuring negative thoughts. Effectiveness measurement was conducted using a pretest-posttest using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) to see the change in pain intensity scores experienced and Rheumatoid Arthritis Quality of Life (RAQoL) to see the change in quality of life scores.

Results: Both participants experienced improved quality of life along with a decrease in the intensity of pain experienced after following pain management with multi-component intervention of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Qualitative research results also show that the relaxation exercise is the most beneficial technique for both participants to reduce the perceived pain intensity.

Conclusions: Interventions multi-component cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective to improve the quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis."

"Regulasi emosi merupakan salah satu aspek perkembangan penting seorang remaja. Kesulitan dalam regulasi emosi menyebabkan munculnya perilaku impulsif, acting-out,dan berisiko mengalami psikopatologi. Pola asuh menjadi salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi perkembangan regulasi emosi pada remaja karena menjadi early experience dan berhubungan dengan pembentukan core belief, yang juga merupakan faktor yang berkontribusi pada kemampuan regulasi emosi. Adanya core belief yang maladaptif membuat seseorang kesulitan untuk meregulasi emosi sehingga diperlukan intervensi berbasis kognitif, yaitu cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus (N=1) yang bertujuan untuk melihat apakah penerapan prinsip CBT dapat meningkatkan kemampuan regulasi emosi pada remaja adopsi dengan pola asuh yang overprotective dan overdemanding. Intervensi dilakukan dalam 6 sesi dengan partisipan anak dan 5 sesi parent training. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa CBT yang melibatkan orangtua dapat meningkatkan kemampuan regulasi emosi remaja adopsi.

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Emotion regulation is one of the important developmental aspects in adolescent. Parenting become one of the factor that associated with the development of emotion regulation in adolescent as an early experience and associated with development of core belief, in which contributed to the emotion regulation ability. The maladaptive core belief makes one find difficulties to regulate ones emotion so the cognitive based intervention is needed, which is cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). The current research is a case study (N=1), which aims to gain evident if the application of CBT principles is able to increase the emotion regulation ability in adopted adolescent raised by the overprotective and overdemanding parenting practice. The intervention consists 6 sessions with adolescent participant and 5 sessions in parent training. The result of this current research shows that CBT with parental involvement could increase the emotion

regulation ability in adopted adolescent.

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"Regulasi emosi merupakan salah satu aspek perkembangan penting seorang remaja. Kesulitan dalam regulasi emosi menyebabkan munculnya perilaku impulsif, acting-out, dan berisiko mengalami psikopatologi. Pola asuh menjadi salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi perkembangan regulasi emosi pada remaja karena menjadi early experience dan berhubungan dengan pembentukan core belief, yang juga merupakan faktor yang berkontribusi pada kemampuan regulasi emosi. Adanya core belief yang maladaptif membuat seseorang kesulitan untuk meregulasi emosi sehingga diperlukan intervensi berbasis kognitif, yaitu cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus (N=1) yang bertujuan untuk melihat apakah penerapan prinsip CBT dapat meningkatkan kemampuan regulasi emosi pada remaja adopsi dengan pola asuh yang overprotective dan overdemanding. Intervensi dilakukan dalam 6 sesi dengan partisipan anak dan 5 sesi parent training. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa CBT yang melibatkan orangtua dapat meningkatkan kemampuan regulasi emosi remaja adopsi.

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Emotion regulation is one of the important developmental aspects in adolescent. Parenting become one of the factor that associated with the development of emotion regulation in adolescent as an early experience and associated with development of core belief, in which contributed to the emotion regulation ability. The maladaptive core belief makes one find difficulties to regulate ones emotion so the cognitive based intervention is needed, which is cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). The current research is a case study (N=1), which aims to gain evident if the application of CBT principles is able to increase the emotion regulation ability in adopted adolescent raised by the overprotective and overdemanding parenting practice. The intervention consists 6 sessions with adolescent participant and 5 sessions in parent training. The result of this current research shows that CBT with parental involvement could increase the emotion regulation ability in adopted adolescent."