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"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini mempelajari bagaimana calabai, istilah Bugis untuk waria atautransgender woman, menegosiasikan subjektivitas gendernya agar dapatmemperoleh posisi dalam masyarakat Bugis masa kini. Eksistensi dan perancalabai telah diakui dalam tradisi Bugis selama beratus tahun. Perubahan sistemsosial dalam masyarakat Bugis, terutama masuknya Islam dengan sistem seks/gender yang dikotomis, pendidikan modern dan berubahnya sistem politikmembawa perubahan mendasar dalam konteks hidup calabai. Sebagian calabaibertahan pada peran tradisionalnya, sedangkan lainnya memasuki peran nontradisionaldalam konteks sosial dengan sistem gender yang lebih dikotomis.Penelitian kualitatif ini mempelajari kehidupan 12 calabai dalam beragam peran.Dengan mengadopsi sudut pandang Michel Foucault mengenai sistem kuasa,Judith Butler tentang performativitas gender, serta Patricia Hill Collins tentangopresi interseksional, ditemukan bahwa subjektivitas gender dinegosiasikan secaracair sepanjang hidup calabai. Negosiasi subjektivitas gender calabai memilikibentuk yang sangat beragam, tidak kaku dan linier tetapi cair dan berubah-ubahdalam konteks hidup yang berkelindaan relasi kuasa yang beragam serta terusterjadi dalam tahapan hidup yang berbeda-beda. Subjektivitas gender calabaidibangun dengan tujuan yang beragam, tidak ada satu tujuan yang ideal dan stabil,namun berwarna-warni.

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ABSTRACTThe research studied how calabai, the Bugis term for transgender woman,negotiates her gender subjectivity to own position in the current Bugis society.Calabai?s existence and roles have been acknowledged in Bugis tradition forhundreds years. Changes in social system, including the entry of Islam with itsdichotomous sex/gender system, modern education and changing political systemhave brought fundamental changes in calabai?s life context. Some calabai hold onto traditional roles, while others enter non-traditional roles in social context withstricter gender dichotomy. This qualitative research studied the life of 12 calabaiwith diverse roles. By adopting Michel Foucault?s viewpoint on power systems,Judith Butler?s gender performativity and Patricia Hill Collins? intersectionoppression, the research found that gender subjectivity is negotiated fluidly in acomplex way throughout calabai?s life. Different calabai negotiate her gendersubjectivity in different ways, the process is not rigid and linear but fluid andchanging through different life context that intertwined with power relations andthrough life stages. Calabai gender subjectivity is constructed with diverse aim,there is no ideal and stable aim, but expressed in a colourful ways;"

"ABSTRAKPenggunaan hijab di Indonesia menjadi marak pasca pemerintahan Orde Baru yang kini turut digunakan oleh kalangan waria. Padahal waria lebih dikenal dengan tampilan (hyper)femininity dan identik sebagai pekerja seks yang secara tidak langsung memunculkan diskriminasi kepada mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan bagaimana waria menampilkan identitas mereka melalui atribut hijab. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode etnografi yang dilakukan di Yayasan Srikandi Sejati sebagai salah satu lembaga yang menaungi kelompok waria di Jakarta. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan mengenakan hijab yang hampir menutupi seluruh bagian tubuh waria, membuat identitas gender mereka jadi tersamarkan. Ini tidak terlepas dari subjektivitas kesalehan dan good women terhadap pengguna hijab di Indonesia. Penelitian ini lalu menemukan bahwa waria menggunakan hijab sebagai topeng untuk menunjang performance mereka di masyarakat. Mereka kemudian tidak hanya memperlihatkan front dan back stage seperti uraian Goffman (1959), tetapi juga performance yang beragam; multiple front stage dan back stage

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ABSTRACTThe use of hijab in Indonesia has increased after the New Order Government era which is now also used by transvestites. Whereas transvestites are better known for their appearance as (hyper)femininity and are identical as a sex worker which indirectly bring some types of discrimination against them. This study discusses how these waria displayed their identities through the attributes of the hijab. This study uses ethnographic methods carried out at Srikandi Sejati Foundation as one of the institutions that oversees the transvestite community in Jakarta. The results of this study prove that by wearing a hijab that mostly covers their entire body, makes their gender identity obscured. This is inseparable from the subjectivity of piety and good women to hijab users in Indonesia. This study also found that transvestite that uses hijab, as an actor who wear masks to support their performance in the wider community who have not been able to accept their presence. Their performance is seen in multiple stages (multiple) front and back stages."

"Kategori feminin dan maskulin sangat melekat dalam masyarakat. Hal ini berpengaruh terhadap penunjukan identitas waria remaja di Jakarta. Untuk mencari nafkah, waria remaja tersebut berusaha menampilkan diri sebagai sosok yang feminin melalui riasan wajah dan modifikasi tubuh. Berkaitan dengan hal itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penunjukan identitas waria remaja melalui pemakaian riasan wajah dan modifikasi tubuh. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dan FGD (Focus Group Discussion) terhadap 10 orang waria Sanggar SWARA dan 5 orang informan tetap. Data sekunder diperoleh melalui studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penunjukan identitas melalui pemakaian riasan wajah didasari oleh profesi yang digeluti. Waria pekerja seks menonjolkan riasan wajah yang natural dan tidak berlebihan guna menunjukkan diri yang feminin, layaknya perempuan sedangkan, waria pengamen menonjolkan riasan wajah yang norak dan berlebihan sebagai daya jual. Dalam hal modifikasi tubuh, waria mengonsumsi produk hormonal dan non hormonal. Beberapa produk hormonal yang digunakan adalah pil dan suntik untuk keluarga berencana serta hormon suntik. Produk non hormonal yang digunakan, yaitu silikon, suntik vitamin C, dan suntikan pemutih kulit. Berbagai upaya tersebut dilakukan untuk memperoleh tubuh yang feminin, seperti memiliki payudara layaknya perempuan, urat tidak menonjol, pinggul lebar, kulit halus dan putih, pengurangan rambut pada tubuh (ketiak dan kaki), serta penghilangan kumis dan jenggot.

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Categories of feminine and masculine are inherent in society. This affects the young transgenders to show their identity in Jakarta. To earn a living, the young transgenders try to present themselves as feminine through face cosmetics and body modification. In this regard, this study aims at knowing how young transgenders show their identity through the use of face cosmetics and body modification. To achieve these objectives, the method employed a qualitative method. The primary data was collected through in-depth interviews and FGD (Focus Group Discussion) with 10 young transgenders at Sanggar SWARA and five informants. The secondary data was obtained through the study of literature. The results indicate that the young transgenders show their identity by using face cosmetics based on their profession. Transgender sex workers show natural makeup, but not exaggerated in order to show their feminity, like a real woman. Meanwhile, transgenders singers show garish and exaggerated makeup as a selling power. In terms of body modification, young transgenders take hormonal and non-hormonal product. The hormonal products they use are family planning pills and injections as well as hormonal injection. The non-hormonal product they use include silicone, injections of vitamin C, and skin whitening injection. Various attempts are made to obtain feminine body, such as having breasts like woman‟s, veins that do not stand out, wide hips, smooth and fair skin, hair reduction on the body (underarms and legs), as well as removing of mustache and beard."

"Penelitian ini mencoba mengartikulasikan bagaimana individu Transgender nonbiner mengoperasikan identitas gender mereka dari cisgender menjadi Trans nonbiner melalui praktik doing/undoing gender. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif fenomenologis dengan pendekatan naratif serta analisis visual. Teori yang digunakan antara lain adalah teori Performativitas oleh Judith Butler, Pluralisme Gender oleh Surya Monro dan Michael G. Peletz, dan teori-teori mengenai pembentukan makna. Penelitian ini menelusuri pengalaman hidup lima orang Trans nonbiner yang tinggal di Jakarta dan Yogyakarta terkait eksplorasi gender mereka. Berdasarkan analisis yang telah dilakukan, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa individu Trans nonbiner terus menerus melakukan praktik doing/undoing gender. Proses doing/undoing gender yang dilakukan mempengaruhi praktik ketubuhan yang dilakukan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Kelima informan menyatakan bahwa proses doing/undoing yang mereka lakukan diawali dengan ketidaknyamanan terhadap diri dan tubuh mereka sendiri dan terus menerus dilakukan dengan bantuan euforia, disforia, dan sistem pendukung yang kuat. Kelima informan menyatakan bahwa identitas Trans nonbiner merupakan bentuk pembebasan dari penindasan eksternal maupun internal untuk menuju penghayatan diri mereka yang sejati di luar batasan-batasan yang ditetapkan kerangka seks/gender biner.

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This research tries to articulate how Transgender non-binary individuals operate their gender identity from cisgender to Trans non-binary through the practice of doing/undoing gender. This research uses a qualitative phenomenological method with a narrative approach and visual analysis. The theories used include Performativity theory by Judith Butler, Gender Pluralism by Surya Monro and Michael G. Peletz, and theories on meaning-making. This research explores the life experiences of five Trans non-binary people living in Jakarta and Yogyakarta regarding their gender exploration. Based on the analysis, this research found that Trans non-binary individuals practice doing/undoing gender continuously and repeatedly. The process of doing/undoing gender determines their bodily practices carried out in daily life. The five informants stated that the doing/undoing process they carried out began with discomfort within themselves and their own bodies and was assisted by gender euphoria, gender dysphoria, and a strong support system. The five informants stated that Trans non-binary identity is a liberation from external and internal oppression to move towards truer forms of selves outside the boundaries set by the binary sex/gender framework."

"ABSTRACTJakarta is the Capital States which have much kind of societies. By seeing from the smallest unit of its society, therefore Jakarta is consisting of immeasurably community. One of them is waria community, which represents small scale of social whereby members could fulfill all their life or some through interdependence relation among them. All members or at least member of them, have tradition or attentions becoming their equality fastener element. They have norm, certainty, and regulation obeyed as a tying and also made guidance to ful fill requirement of its everyday.Waria community has certain marked which differentiating with other communities in Jakarta. Waria represents men which have woman identities, where those identities emerge in interaction as confessed its existence by other people. They have different way in expressing each other identities. The difference of this expression made classifications form related to equality of marking among them. With in performance those classifications would emerge pursuant to each maturity of waria in running the role and express requirement of its soul.As would we saw, the main problem of waria performance was causing of difficulty in determination of gender identity. In this matter they would have 2 conflicts i.e. psychological conflict and social conflict. Psychological conflict was related to adversative desire with the situation of its physical; while social conflict was related to eliminate them from life of ssociation and family and social opportunity to fulfill requirement of its life (in the field of employment).Refer to Goffman (1986:14-5), among 2 existing stigma type i.e. one who is earn to be discreditable and the other one is who discredited. Waria is the one who "discredited stigma". The elimination of waria in social environment and economucs is because of their existence would debased and had made them worked as commercial sex worker for continuing their life. Therefore performance of waria represented product culture of waria as environment response which get stigma to have living and spiritual easiness,which did not outfont the activity context of waria environment and community though"market" in prostitution world.Their performance would see as waria form by classifications based on woman attributeto manipulation man 's body through impression management to identity in everyinteraction. The attribute is to identify him/her self for showing their culture it self.According to context and interaction target, their appearance would selectively conductby them self due to interaction with another community.Comparison within dwelling area, performance in prostitution area would have moreimportant for waria sex worker: Prostitution area is as strength corefor their factual lifein represent interaction place to get money for utilize main requirement of 1%.Interaction at prostitution area became important between waria and service user. Theywould identity each other related to community and their culture. ln this congeniality,waria performance at prostitution area present through separate regulation base oncordidence and knowledge will use as a guidance for life within the classification systemi.e. their own self relevant to environmental with classification of him/her self as awaria, waria service user, visitors and also prestige of waria from prostitution area.Hereby, this original research would not been influence by other researcher who hadpicked the same subject. Dramaturgi concepts from Erving Goffman (1959, 1986) wasinfluenced me in believing that dramaturgi theory as equality among the theater showswith the various role of type where our conduct and everyday interaction. Regarding thisresearch, dramaturgi analysis would pay attention to problem of waria life in Jakartaeveryday as it in an interaction. This theory would be acquainted with 2 importantjunctions in interaction (Goffman 1959: l7-30; Goffman 1959 in Poloma 2002 and Ritzer& Goodman 2004), that is front region and back stage.Parsundi Suparlan (2004a) is also influence me in seeing waria stigma as coherence orequality stigma which sticky attached at some individuals. This would form the identitygroup with their own identity and aim to strengthen or seeking exploration their identitythrough to performance. Transaction, arrangement of categories, space dominationcooperation, emulation, and conflict among themselves are need to have to accommodatethe target market.Approaching dissertation research of this is qualitative (Miles & Huberman I984;Suparlan 1994) where as collecting data, observation and circumstantial interviewedexecuting by participate. ln support of verify and current ethnography detail picture wewere collecting waria datas in Jakarta and taking pictures by handy cam or camera forspecial activity at prostitution area, dwelling area, certain place where doing otheractivities such as field events, mall, Public Square, dangdut shows etc. "

"Transgender adalah salah satu kelompok yang paling terpengaruh oleh epidemic HIV dan 49 kali lebih mungkin untuk hidup dengan HIV dibandingkan populasi umum. Data dari Amerika Latin dan Karibia menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi HIV jauh lebih tinggi pada pekerja seks transgender wanita dibandingkan pada pekerja seks pria dan wanita non-transgender. Tesis ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan menjual seks dengan status HIV pada waria di Indonesia yang merupakan analisis lanjut dari data STBP tahun 2015. Penelitian ini adalah studi crosssectional. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah 867 waria yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil penelitian didapatkan prevalensi HIV sebesar 26.1% dan proporsi menjual seks pada waria dengan status HIV positif sebesar 31,1%. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara menjual seks dengan status HIV dengan PR adjusted 1,358 [95% CI: (1,045-1,766)] p-value=0,022. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah waria yang menjual seks 1,358 kali lebih berisiko memiliki status HIV positif dibandingkan dengan waria yang tidak menjual seks setelah dikontrol oleh variabel riwayat IMS. Transgender is one of the groups with the most HIV epidemics and 49 times more likely to live with HIV than the general population. Data from America and the Caribbean show a much higher HIV prevalence in female transgender sex workers than in male and non-transgender female sex workers. This thesis discusses the relationship between selling sex with HIV status among transgender in Indonesia which is a further analysis of the 2015 IBBS data. This study is a cross-sectional study. The subjects in this study were 867 transgender who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results obtained by HIV prevalence of 26.1% and the proportion of selling sex in transgender with HIV positive status of 31.1%. Multivariate analysis showed an association between selling sex with HIV status with adjusted PR 1.358 [95% CI: (1.045-1.766)] p-value = 0.022. The conclusion of this study is that transgender who sell sex are 1,358 times more likely to have HIV positive status compared to transgender who do not sell sex after being controlled by a variable named STIs. "

"Meskipun individu transgender telah berjuang agar diterima dalam masyarakat, kini mereka lebih terlihat di dalam budaya populer terutama dalam film. Boys Don rsquo;t Cry 1999 merupakan film Hollywood yang menampilkan peran transgender sebagai pemeran utama. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah menganalisa peran transgender, Brandon Teena, dalam menunjukkan transgender yang secara perlahan terinternalisasi melalui interaksi dan hubungan dengan karakter lainnya. Sebagai tambahan, analisis ini dibuat untuk menemukan cara mereka membentuk dan menunjukkan diri mereka sendiri sebagai transgender dan hubungan kekuasaan antara pasangan transgender dan non-transgender. Analisis ini menggunakan perspektif Kara DeMilio pada transgender mengenai perilaku seksual. Artikel ini menjelaskan bahwa film ini menunjukkan performativitas transgender dan hubungan kekuasaan antara karakter satu sama lain, khususnya Brandon.

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Although transgender individuals have been struggling to be accepted in society, they are now more visible in popular culture especially movies. Boys Don rsquo;t Cry 1999 movie is Hollywood movie which has transgender individual as their main character. The purpose of this study is to analyze the transgender character, Brandon Teena, in performing transgender which is slowly internalized through the interaction and relation with the other characters. In addition, this analysis is created to find the way how she construct and perform herself as transgender and the power relation between transgender and their non-transgender partner. The analysis operates within Kara DeMilio perspective on transgender about sexual behavior. The article find that the movie shows the transgender performativy and also power relation between the characters, especially for Brandon. "

"This book is a legal and political intervention into a contemporary debate concerning the appropriateness of sexual offence prosecutions brought against young gender non-conforming people for so-called 'gender identity fraud'. It comes down squarely against prosecution. To that end, it offers a series of principled objections based both on liberal principles, and arguments derived from queer and feminist theories. Thus prosecution will be challenged as criminal law overreach and as a spectacular example of legal inconsistency, but also as indicative of a failure to grasp the complexity of sexual desire and its disavowal. In particular, the book will think through the concepts of consent, harm and deception and their legal application to these specific forms of intimacy. In doing so, it will reveal how cisnormativity frames the legal interpretation of each and how this serves to preclude more marginal perspectives. Beyond law, the book takes up the ethical challenge of the non-disclosure of gender history. Rather than dwelling on this omission, it argues that we ought to focus on a cisgender demand to know as the proper object of ethical inquiry. Finally, and as an act of legal and ethical re-imagination, the book offers a queer counter-judgment to R v McNally, the only case involving a gender non-conforming defendant, so far, to have come before the Court of Appeal"

"ABSTRAKTerdapat dua istilah representasi identitas transgender perempuan ke laki-laki di Indonesia yang mulai visible, yaitu transman dan priawan. Penelitian ini akan mengkaji bagaimana identitas sebagai transgender laki-laki tumbuh dalam diri priawan dan transman secara individu dalam pengaruh sosialisasi nilai dan peran gender dari lingkungan keluarga dan lingkungan sosial mereka. Selain itu penelitian ini juga melihat bagaimana konsep the three world’s orders memberikan pengaruh terhadap representasi identitas individu transgender laki-laki sebagai “priawan” atau “transman”. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif. Data didapatkan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan informan diidentifikasi sebagai priawan dan transman. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa penerimaan keluarga dan lingkungan sosial terhadap identitas transgender menentukan apakah informan secara individu bersedia untuk coming out atau hidden tentang identitasnya. Selain itu, organisasi atau komunitas yang diikuti oleh masing-masing informan ternyata mempengaruhi konstruksi identitas kelompok transgender laki-laki menjadi priawan atau transman.

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ABSTRACTThere are two terms of visible individual representation of identity in case of transgender female to male in Indonesia, they are “priawan” and “transman”. This research will analyze how identity as male transgender developing in oneself as “priawan” and “transman” individually with influence of values and roles about gender from family and others social environment. In addition, this research also point the influence of “the three world’s orders” concept in representation of male transgender individual identity as “priawan” or “transman”. This research using qualitative approach. Data collected by depth interview with participants who is identified as “priawan” and “transman”. This research found that family and social environment’s acceptance about transgender identity determine whether participants as an individual ready to coming out or hidden about their identity. The fact was organization or community which is followed by every participant have influence in constructing group identity of male transgender become “priawan” or “transman"."