Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Latar belakang: Obesitas pada anak dikaitkan dengan peningkatan risiko berbagai masalah kesehatan. Rekomendasi kebutuhan anak yang digunakan saat ini adalah berdasarkan pedoman gizi seimbang Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Konseling dan optimasi diet menggunakan linear programming (LP) merupakan salah satu cara yang baik untuk pengaturan kebutuhan anak karena dapat memperhitungkan ketersediaan makanan lokal dan kebutuhan nutrisi anak. Omega-3 memiliki banyak manfaat salah satunya sebagai antiinflamasi, akan tetapi strukturnya membuatnya rentan terhadap terjadinya peroksidasi. Vitamin e merupakan antioksidan penting dalam menangkal oksidasi asam lemak.Objektif : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh konseling optimasi asam lemak omega-3 dibandingkan dengan konseling standar sesuai rekomendasi DepkesRI terhadap kadar vitamin E serum pada anak prone obes.Metode : merupakan penelitian uji klinis dengan intervensi berupa edukasi nutrisi diet optimasi omega-3 pada anak usia 12-24bulan di kecamatan Pulogadung, Jakarta Timur, Indonesia. Kelompok intervensi (n=14) dibandingkan dengan kontrol (n=18). Edukasi nutrisi dengan bantuan flipchart dan menu optimasi disusun dengan LP, diberikan sekali seminggu dengan durasi 10 minggu.Hasil : Mayoritas asupan omega-3 dan vitamin E anak masih cukup, meskipun peranan susu pertumbuhan cukup tinggi. Terdapat peningkatan asupan omega-3 dan vitamin E serta penurunan konsumsi susu formula dengan pemberian LP, meskipun tidak berbeda bermakna. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna dalam perubahan asupan nutrisi dan kadar vitamin E serum sebelum dan sesudah intervensi antar kedua kelompok (p = 0,52). Tidak terdapat perubahan perilaku pemberian makan antar dua kelompok (p>0,05), akan tetapi perilaku pemberian makan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi memiliki perbedaan yang bermakna.Kesimpulan : Konseling diet optimasi omega-3 dapat memenuhi dan mempertahankan kebutuhan anak, akan tetapi tidak berbeda bermakna dibandingkan konseling standar.

---

Background: Children obesity is associated with the increased risk of various health problems. Recommendations for children which are used today are based on balanced nutrition guidelines Indonesian Ministry of Health. Counseling and diet optimization using linear programming (LP) is a good way of managing a child's dietary needs due to its ability to calculate the availability of local food and the nutritional needs of each child. Omega-3 has many benefits, for example as anti-inflammatory and antiobesity, however its structure makes it vulnerable to peroxidation. Vitamin E is an important antioxidant in counteracting the oxidation of fatty acids.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary counseling on omega-3 fatty acids optimization towards the vitamin E serum level compared to standard counseling based on recommendations of Indonesian Ministry of Health on children who are prone to obese.

Design: A clinical trial which involves a series of nutrition education sessions targeted to optimize omega-3 diet on children aged 12-24 months in the Pulogadung district, East Jakarta, Indonesia. The intervention group (n = 14) is compared to controls (n = 18). A set of optimized menu, prepared using the LP, was administered and flipcharts were used as demonstration tools during the weekly session, within the period of 10 weeks.

Results: The majority of children show sufficient level of omega-3 and vitamin E intake despite the relatively high contribution of formula milk. There is an increased of omega-3 and vitamin E intakes, in addition to slight decrease in formula milk consumption as the result of the LP program. There were no significant differences in the change of nutrient intakes and the level of vitamin E in blood serum between the two groups, both before and after the intervention (p = 0.52). There is no change in child feeding behavior between the two groups (p> 0.05), whereas the behavior before and after the intervention had a significant difference.

Conclusion: Optimized omega-3 diet counseling could maintain and fulfill children?s needs of nutrient, but there is no significant difference if compared to standard counseling."

"Latar belakang: Edukasi nutrisi dalam bentuk konseling merupakan bagian penting dalam manajemen obesitas anak. Asam Lemak Omega-3 (AL omega-3) merupakan salah satu nutrien esensial yang bermanfaat dalam penanganan obesitas terkait dengan kerjanya yang meningkatkan oksidasi lemak, menurunkan proses adipogenesis, dan memodulasi rasa lapar-kenyang. Sampai saat ini beluan ada rekomendasi nutrisi yang mengikutsertakan optimalisasi AL omega-3 dalam diet pada anak dengan berat badan berlebih dan obesitas. Linear programming merupakan metode untuk membuat rekomendasi makanan yang mempertimbangkan pula ketersediaan makanan, pola makan, dan juga harga makanan dalam proses pembuatannya.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh konseling diet optimalisasi AL omega-3 menggunakan linear programming terhadap kadar asam lemak omega-3 plasma dibandingkan dengan konseling standar.Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 39 anak berisiko overweight, overweight, dan obes usia 12-24 bulan di Jakarta Timur dengan disain uji klinis acak terkontrol.Hasil: Konseling diet optimalisasi asam lemak omega-3 menyebabkan peningkatan asupan asam linolenat yang bermakna dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (278,011  435,56 vs -44,498  407,785, p=0,035). Tidak terdapat perbedaan perubahan bermakna pada kadar AL omega-3 plasma di antara kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol.Kesimpulan: Konseling diet optimalisasi asam lemak omega-3 menggunakan linear programming tidak menimbulkan perubahan bermakna pada kadar asam lemak omega-3 plasma, meskipun berhasil meningkatkan variasi bahan makanan sumber asam lemak omega-3.

---

Background: Education in the form of counseling is an indespensable part of pediatric obesity management. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are beneficial essential nutrients in obesity management, given their effects on lipid homeostasis, specifically by increasing lipid catabolism, decreasing adipogenesis, and modulating appetite. Until now, there is no nutritional recommendation focusing on omega-3 PUFA for overweight and obese children. Linear programming is one method to generate specific nutritional recommendation that also considering the food affordability, availability, and food consumption pattern.

Objective: To investigate the differences of plasma omega-3 PUFA changes between group that received omega-3 PUFA optimized using linear programming dietary counseling and control group with standard counseling.

Method: This study is an open clinical trial with parallel design, 39 children aged 12-24 months with BMI Z score > +1 based on WHO growth curve were randomly assigned by block randomization with stratification into enhanced counseling with omega-3 optimization using linear programming or general counseling group. Both counseling were conducted once weekly for 10 weeks. At baseline and endline, the following parameters were measured: fat intake, omega-3 intake, ratio of omega-6/omega-3 intake, eating behaviour, plasma concentration of omega-3, and plasma omega-6/omega-3 ratio.

Results: After the intervention, α-linolenic acid intake was significantly increased compared to control group (278,011  435,56 vs. -44,498  407,785, p=0,035). There were no significant differences in changes of plasma omega-3 FA between the intervention and control group.

Conclusion: Omega-3 FA optimized dietary counseling using linear programming was partially successful in improving thee variation of omega-3 FA food sources, however there were no significant changes in plasma omega-3 FA."

"Latar Belakang. Obesitas pada anak merupakan masalah kesehatan global. Obesitas ditandai dengan akumulasi sel adiposa yang mencetuskan terbentuknya reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS menginduksi peroksidasi lemak, yang dapat dideteksi dengan kadar malondialdehid (MDA) plasma. Edukasi nutrisi dengan konseling dan kunjungan rumah pada pengasuh dengan anak berisiko obesitas usia < 2 tahun dapat mempengaruhi perilaku ibu, sehingga merubah asupan nutrisi anak. Belum ada rekomendasi nutrisi untuk anak obesitas usia < 2 tahun yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan menggunakan bahan makanan lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian konseling optimisasi diet tinggi omega-3 menggunakan linear programming terhadap kadar MDA plasma.Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis terbuka, desain paralel, alokasi acak selama 10 minggu pada anak usia 12-24 bulan dengan BMI>+1 Z-score berdasarkan kurva WHO. Subjek diambil secara konsekutif dan dibagi menjadi kelompok dengan konseling optimisasi diet tinggi omega-3 menggunakan linear programming dan kelompok dengan konseling standar. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi wawancara, pengukuran antropometri, kuesioner perilaku makan, data asupan makanan menggunakan food recall 2x24 jam dan food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) semi kuantitatif. Pemeriksaan laboratorium dilakukan untuk mengetahui kadar malondialdehid plasma menggunakan metode sfektofotometri pada periode sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Hasil. Sebanyak total 32 subjek yang ikut serta dalam penelitian ini dialokasikan menjadi 18 subjek pada kelompok intervensi dan 14 subjek pada kelompok control. Rerata usia subjek adalah 18.4±3.7 pada kelompok intervensi dan 18.7±2.8 pada kelompok kontrol. Perbandingan karakteristik demografis anak dan keluarga pada kedua kelompok setara. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada perubahan perilaku makan dan asupan PUFA, Asam arakidonat (AA) dan omega-3 antara kedua kelompok. Besarnya rerata penurunan kadar MDA plasma pada kelompok intervensi -0.16 dan pada kelompok control -0.007 dengan p=0.023.Kesimpulan. Pemberian konseling optimalisasi diet tinggi omega-3 menggunakan linear programming dibandingkan dengan konseling standar kepada pengasuh selama 10 minggu dapat menurunkan kadar MDA plasma pada anak dengan risiko overweight, overweight, dan obesitas usia 12-24 bulan di Jakarta Timur.

---

Background. Pediatric obesity is a major health concern in the world. Obesity is characterized by accumulation of adipose, triggers formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS will induce lipid peroxidation, which can be detected by plasma malondialdehyde (MDA). Nutrition education with counseling and home-visits to main caregivers with obese-prone children aged under-two-years can affect child-feeding behavior to revise children intake. There are no convenient nutritional recommendations for these children which suited children requirement and matched with available local food. This study aimed to investigate effect of enhancedcounseling with omega-3 optimization using linear programming compare with general counseling on plasma MDA.

Method. This study is an open clinical trial with parallel design and randomized allocation for 10 weeks in children aged 12-24 months with a BMI > +1 WHO Z-score. Subject was taken consecutively and randomly allocated by block randomization with stratification into group enhanced counseling with omega-3 optimization using linear programming compare with general counseling. Data were collected from interviews, anthropometric measurements, eating behavior questionnaires, food recall 2x24 hours and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) semiquantitative. Laboratory tests are conducted to determine plasma malondialdehyde levels using spectrophotometry methods before and after treatment.

Result. A total of 32 subjects participated in this study, 18 subjects were allocated into intervention group and 14 subjects into control group. The mean age of subjects was 18.4 ± 3.7 for the intervention group and 18.7 ± 2.8 for the control group. The demographic characteristics of the children and families in both groups were similar. There were no significant changes in child-feeding behavior and PUFA?s intake, arachidonic acid (AA) and omega-3 between the two groups. The result of reduction of MDA levels in the intervention group is -0.16 and the control group -0.007 with p = 0.023.

Conclusion. Enhanced counseling with omega-3 optimization using linear programming, compare with general counseling to main caregivers for 10 weeks, can reduce plasma MDA levels among obese-prone 1-2 years old children in East Jakarta"

"Obesitas di usia dini dapat merugikan kesehatan anak sepanjang hidupnya secara permanen. Dewasa ini, asam lemak omega-3 diperkenalkan sebagai alternatif solusi obesitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi pengaruh dari konseling asam lemak omega-3 selama 10 minggu terhadap pengetahuan, sikap, asupan, dan IMT/U. Penelitian ini membagi acak subjek; grup yang mendapat konseling dengan optimalisasi asam lemak omega-3 disertai rekomendasi menu harian yang spesifik (Grup intervensi, n=18); dan yang mendapat konseling dan menu standar (Grup kontrol, n=20). Hasil menunjukkan tingkat pengetahuan pada grup intervensi meningkat signifikan (p<.001). Dibutuhkan investigasi lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui pengaruh intervensi ini terhadap keluaran lain yang diharapkan.

---

Obesity in early life could result in permanent heath consequences. Omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) are beneficial in obesity management, but food-based nutrition education enhancing omega-3 FAs especially in children was lacking. We investigated the effect of 10-week enhanced counseling on caregivers knowledge, attitude, as well as children's intakes and body mass index-for-age (BAZ). Children were randomly assigned to receive; enhanced counseling with specific daily menu (intervention group, n=18), or standard counseling with general menu (control group, n=20). Intervention group significantly improved knowledge (p<.001). However, its effect on other outcomes may need further investigation."

"Penelitian cross sectional ini bertujuan untuk membuat optimalisasi diet untuk anak gemuk dan obesitas usia 12-23 bulan yang dibuat menggunakan linear programming dengan memperhitungkan rasio asupan omega 6 dan omega 3 dan harga. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Jakarta Timur pada 42 anak dengan berat badan normal dan 29 anak gemuk dan obesitas berdasarkan z-score IMT/ umur. Metode yang digunakan yaitu 24 jam recall selama 3 hari tidak berturut, diskusi kelompok dan survei pasar, sedangkan LP NutriSurvey digunakan untuk analisis optimalisasi diet. Penelitian ini menghasilkan optimalisasi diet dengan memperhitungkan rasio omega 6 dan omega 3, dengan harga masih dalam rentang yang direkomendasikan.

---

This cross sectional study aims at developing optimized diet based on linear programming for overweight and obese children aged 12-23 months considering the ratio of omega-3 and omega 6 intakes and prices in the diets. It was conducted in East Jakarta involving 42 children in normal group and 29 children in overweight and obese group based on BMI/ age z-score. The methods used were three non-consecutive days of 24-hour recall, group interview and market survey, while LP NutriSurvey was used in analyzing optimized diet. Optimized diet is presented with ratio of omega-6 and -3 and cost within the recommended range"

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Pola makan yang tidak sehat selama masa kanak-kanak akan berdampak pada risiko penyakit tidak menular (PTM) di kemudian hari. Salah satu indikator awal PTM yang dapat dimodifikasi oleh diet adalah adiponektin. Adiponektin dinilai berhubungan dengan PTM karena perannya dalam proses perjalanan penyakit obesitas, diabetes, inflamasi, aterosklerosis, maupun penyakit kardiovaskular. Data yang terdokumentasi dengan baik mengenai kualitas diet dan hubungannya dengan kadar adiponektin pada populasi anak belum banyak dieksplorasi. Tujuan: Kami mengidentifikasi kualitas makanan umum anak-anak Indonesia dan menilai hubungannya dengan kadar adiponektin serum sebagai penanda awal PTM. Metode: Delapan puluh enam (44 perempuan dan 42 laki-laki) anak usia prasekolah yang merupakan bagian dari subjek penelitian dari studi Kohort Ibu dan Anak di 10 kecamatan di Jakarta Timur dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini. Data diet didapat dengan mengumpulkan data 24hr food recall berulang selama sehari di hari kerja dan satu hari di akhir pekan, yang kemudian dianalisis lebih lanjut ke dalam perhitungan Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015. Kadar adiponektin serum ditentukan dengan uji Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Analisis regresi linear berganda dilakukan untuk menilai hubungan antara HEI 2015 dan konsentrasi adiponektin serum, dengan penyesuaian terhadap faktor perancu. Hasil: Nilai rata-rata skor HEI 2015 subjek penelitian adalah 33,1 ± 8,2, jauh di bawah skor yang direkomendasikan yaitu ≥ 80. Rata-rata serum adiponektin adalah 10,3 ± 4,1 ug / mL, di mana 11,6% subjek memiliki kadar serum adiponektin di bawah normal. Uji regresi linear berganda menunjukkan bahwa HEI secara signifikan berkaitan dengan serum adiponektin baik sebelum maupun sesudah disesuaikan dengan faktor perancu (β = 0,232; 95% CI = 0,01-0,25; p = 0,03; β = 0,214; 95% CI = 0,03-0,21; p = 0,04). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara HEI dan adiponektin. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kepatuhan terhadap diet berkualitas tinggi sejak usia dini berperan dalam meningkatkan kadar adiponektin yang sangat penting untuk mengurangi risiko PTM di masa dewasa.

---

ABSTRACTBackground: Unhealthy diet during childhood will have a direct effect on risk of developing non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in later life. One early indicator of NCDs that can be modified by diet is adiponectin. Adiponectin is considered to have association with NCDs because of its role in the course of obesity, diabetes, inflammation, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. Well-documented data regarding the quality of the diet and its relationship to adiponectin levels in the pediatric population have not been explored extensively. Objective: We identified the diet quality of Indonesian children and assessed its relationship to serum adiponectin level as the early markers of NCDs. Methods: Eighty-six (44 girls and 42 boys) preschool-aged children from a nested cohort study in 10 sub-districts in East Jakarta were included in this study. Dietary data was gathered by collecting repeated 24-hour recalls for a-day in the weekday and a-day in the weekend, which then further analyzed into HEI 2015 calculation. The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) test was used to determine serum adiponectin levels. Multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the association between HEI 2015 and serum adiponectin concentration, with adjustment for potential confounder. Results: The mean of subjects' HEI 2015 score was 33.1±8.2, below the recommendation score of ≥ 80. The mean serum adiponectin was 10.3±4.1 ug/mL, in which 11.6% has serum adiponectin level below normal. Multiple linear regression test showed that HEI was significantly correlated with adiponectin serum either before or after adjusted with confounders (β=0.232; 95% CI=0.01-0.25; p=0.03; β=0.214; 95% CI=0.03-0.21; p=0.04), respectively. Conclusion: There is an association between HEI and adiponectin. This result suggests that adherence to a high-quality diet from an early age is crucial to reduce the risk of Indonesian children experiencing NCD as adults."

"

Penurunan massa otot pada usia lanjut menimbulkan sarkopenia,salah satu penyebabnya adalah proses inflamasi. Rasio asam lemak omega-3/omega-6 dapat memengaruhi proses inflamasi, namun hubungannya dengan massa otot masih menunjukkan hasil yang beragam. Penelitian potong lintang ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi korelasi rasio asupan asam lemak omega-3/omega-6 dan kadar asam lemak omega-3 dengan massa otot pada usia lanjut di lima panti wreda yang terdaftar di Kota Tangerang Selatan. Penelitian ini melibatkan 101 usila yang didapatkan menggunakan proportional random sampling. Rasio asupan asam lemak omega-3 dan omega-6 dinilai menggunakan food record 3x24 jam dan food frequency questionnaire semikuantitatif, kadar asam lemak omega-3 membran eritrosit diukur menggunakan gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, dan pemeriksaan massa otot menggunakan bioelectrical impedance analysis. Analisis korelasi menggunakan uji Spearman. Didapatkan rerata usia subjek adalah 75.5 ± 7.6 tahun dengan 73.3% subjek adalah perempuan. Rasio asupan asam lemak omega-3/omega-6 subjek menggunakan food record adalah 0,09 (0,05-0,22) dan 0,08 (0,05-0,23) menggunakan FFQ semikuantitatif. Nilai tengah kadar asam lemak omega-3 membran eritrosit subjek untuk ALA=10,06 (4,9-24,9) µg/mL, EPA=14,6 (5,06-81,02) µg/mL, DHA=115,5 (20,6-275,09) µg/mL, dan total omega-3=144,1 (89,3-332,1) µg/mL. Nilai tengah massa otot subjek adalah 35,5 (22,8-63,5) kg. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak terdapat korelasi antara rasio asupan asam lemak omega-3/omega-6 dengan massa otot baik menggunakan food record (r = -0.2, p = 0.07), maupun FFQ semikuantitatif (r = 0.01, p = 0.9), dan tidak terdapat korelasi antara kadar ALA, EPA, DHA, total asam lemak omega-3 membran eritrosit dengan massa otot berturut-turut (r = -0.03, p = 0.8; r = 0.01, p = 0.9; r = -0.06, p = 0.5; dan r = -0.02, p = 0.8).

---

The phenomenon of muscle mass deterioration appeared in the elderly called sarcopenia, one of the reasons was the inflammatory process. The ratio of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are known to influence the inflammatory process. However, the relationship of this ratio with muscle mass are still conflicting. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the correlations of omega-3/omega-6 fatty acids intake ratio and omega-3 fatty acids erythrocyte membrane levels with muscle mass among the elderly in five registered nursing homes in South Tangerang City. This study involved 101 elderly from the proportional random sampling method. The ratio of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids intake was assessed using 3-days food records and semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Moreover, omega-3 fatty acid erythrocyte membrane levels were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and muscle mass were examined using bioelectrical impedance analysis. We used Spearman analysis to investigate the correlation. The mean age of the participants was 75.5 ± 7.6 years and most of the participants were female (73.3%). Furthermore, the median value of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid intake ratio was 0.09 (0.05 – 0.22) using 3-days food records and 0.08 (0.05 – 0.23) using SQ-FFQ, the median value of omega-3 erythrocyte membrane levels for ALA = 10.06 (4.9-24.9) µg/mL, EPA = 14.6 (5.06 – 81.02) µg/mL, DHA = 115.5 (20.6 – 275.09) µg/mL, total omega-3 = 144.1 (89.3 – 332.1) µg/mL, and the median value of muscle mass were 35.5 (22.8 – 63.5) kg. We did not find strong correlation between omega-3/omega-6 fatty acids intake ratio and muscle mass using either 3-days food records (r = -0.2, p = 0.07), or SQ-FFQ (r = 0.01, p = 0.9), and no strong correlations found between ALA, EPA, DHA, total omega-3 fatty acids erythrocyte membrane levels and muscle mass (r = -0.03, p = 0.8; r = 0.01, p = 0.9; r = -0.06, p = 0.5; and r = -0.02, p = 0.8), respectively.

"

"Tujuan : Mengetahui keadaan metabolisme penderita obesitas setelah menjalani diet rendah kalori seimbang selama 14 hari, dengan mengukur resting energy expenditure (REE) dan kadar T3 serumTempat : Rumah Sakit Sumber Waras, Jakarta BaratMetodologi: Dilakukan penelitian pada 37 orang perempuan obes yang memenuhi kriteria penerimaan dan penolakan serta bersedia mengikuti penelitian ini. Penelitian ini merupakan studi quasi eksperimental pra dan pasca perlakuan. Setiap subjek menjalani diet rendah kalori seimbang 1000 kkal selama 14 hari. Pemeriksaan antropometri, REE dan kadar T3 serum dilakukan pada awal, hari ke 7 dan akhir perlakuan. REE diukur dengan kalorimetri tak langsung (REE ukur) dan dihitung dengan menggunakan persamaan Harris-Benedict (REE hitung).Hasil: Pada akhir perlakuan terjadi penurunan yang bermakna (p <0,05) pada berat badan, massa lemak, massa bebas lemak, REE ukur dan REE hitung masing-masing dari 71,22±8,63 kg menjadi 69,15±8,37 kg (penurunan 2,9%), dari 35,32J2,58% menjadi 33,94,58% (penurunan 1,38%), dari 45,96±4,89 kg menjadi 45,544,82 kg (penurunan 0,92%), dari 1815,0822,37 kkal menjadi 1718,97±269,50 kkal (penurunan 5,29%) dan dari 1428,07+84,02 kkal menjadi 1408,25 1,52 kkal (penurunan 1,39%). Penurunan kadar T3 serum yang bermakna terjadi pada hari ke 7 (p = 0,001), dari 0,9005±0,1530 ng/mL menjadi 0,836210,1611 mg/mL (penurunan 7,1%). Pada akhir penelitian, dibandingkan dengan hari ke 7, terjadi pertingkatan T3 yang tidak beramakna. Pada hari ke 7 terdapat korelasi positif bermakna (r = 0,349; p = 0,034) antara perubahan REE ukur dengan perubahan T3. Pada hari ke 15 terdapat korelasi positif bermakna (r = 0,401; p = 0,014) antara perubahan REE ukur dengan perubahan massa bebas lemak. Perubahan T3 pada hari ke 7 mempunyai korelasi positif bermakna (r = 0,385; p = 0,019) dengan perubahan berat badan pada minggu pertama dan dengan perubahan massa bebas lemak pada minggu pertama (r = 0,345; p = 0,036). Pads penurunan berat badan sebesar 2,9% terdapat penurunan REE ukur dan REE hitung masing-masing 5,29% dan 1,39%. Rata-rata REE ukur lebih besar 27% daripada REE hitung.Kesimpulan : Setelah terjadi penurunan berat badan dengan diet rendah kalori seimbang, penderita obesitas berada dalam kondisi hipometabolisme yang ditandai dengan penurunan RFE ukur, REE hitung dan kadar T3 serum.

---

Objective: to determine the metabolic state of obese females after treatment with balanced low-calorie diet for 14 days by measuring resting energy expenditure (REE) and serum T3 level as indicators.

Location : Sumber Waras hospital , West Jakarta

Methods : The study was carried out on 37 obese females who have been recruited based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study is a quasi experimental study with a pre and posttest treatment design. Every subject received a balanced low-calorie diet (LCD) of 1000 kcal/day for 14 days. Antropometric measwrements, REE and serum T3 levels were examined at the beginning, at day 7 and at the end of study. REE were measured and calculated by indirect calorimetry (measured-REE) and using Harris-Benedict equation (calculated-REE) respectively.

Result : Balanced LCD given for 14 days significantly (p <0.05) decreased body weight (BW) , fat mass, fat free mass, measured-REE and calculated-REE from 71.22±8.63 kg to 69.15±8.37 kg (decreased 2,9%), from 35.32.58% to 33.94±2.58% (1,38%), from 45.96±4.89 kg to 45.54±4.82 kg (0,92%), from 1815.0822.37 kcal to 1718.97±269.50 kcal (5,29%), and from 1428,.7±84.02 kcal to 1408.25±81.52 kcal (1,39%) respectively. There was a significant decrease (p = 0.001) in serum T3 leveI at day 7 from 0.9005±0.1530 ng/mL to 0.836210.1611 nglmL (decrease 7,1%). At the end of the study, serum T3 levels increased not significantly compared to day 7. At day 7, there was a significant positive correlation (r = 0.349; p = 0.034) between the change in measured-REE and the change in serum T3 levels. At day 15, a significant positive correlation (r = 0.401; p = 0.014) was found between the change in measured-REE and the change in fat free mass. The changed of serum T3 levels at day 7 had significant positive correlation (r = 0,385; p = 0,019) with the changed of BW in the first week. The changed of serum T3 levels at day 7 had significant positive correlation (r = 0,345; p = 0,036) with the changed of fat free mass in the first week. After reduction of BW by 2.9%, there was a decrease of measured-REE and calculated-REE, 5.29% and 1.39%, respectively. The measured-REE was 27% higher than calculated-REE.

Conclusion : Weight-reduced obese subjects with balanced LCD were in hypometabolic state indicated by a reduction in measured and calculated-REE, and serum T3 levels."

"Tujuan : Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian diet rendah kalori seimbang selama 14 hari terhadap berat badan (BB), indeks massa tubuh (IMT), tebal lipatan kulit total. (TLK), massa lemak tubuh (ML), massa tubuh bebas lemak (MBL), rasio lingkar pinggang-lingkar panggul (R Lpi-Lpa) , dan kadar leptin serum.Tempat : Rumah Sakit Sumba Waras, GrogolBahan dan cara: Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimentai pra dan pasca pemberian diet rendah kalori seimbang 915,23 kkal dengan komposisi 55,81% karbohidrat, 19,46% protein dan 24,73% lemak selama 14 hari terhadap 39 subyek perempuan obes (19-55 tahun) yang telah memenuhi kriteria penerimaan dan penolakan. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi data karateristik demografi, data asupan energi dan makronutrien, antropornetri, komposisi tubuh, dan kadar leptin serum.Hasil : Terjadi penurunan berat badan secara bermakna (p<0,05) dari 70,99 ± 8,62 menjadi 68,81 ± 8,36 kg (3,07%); penurunan IMT secara bermakna (p<0,05) dari 30,20 ± 3,11 kg/m2 menjadi 29,36 ± 2,94 kg/m2 ( 3,04%); penurunan TLK secara bermakna (p<0,05) dari 99,32 ± 12,07 mm menjadi 91,29 f 10,85 mm (8,08%); penurunan ML secara bermakna (p<0,05) dari 35,41 ± 2,75 % menjadi 33,65 ± 2,73% (1,76 %) peningkatan persentase MBL secara bermakna. (p<0,O5) dari 64,59 2,74 menjadi 66,35 2,73% (2,72%);penurunan Lpi secara bermakna (p<0,O5) dari 85,87 7,31 menjadi 83,35 ± 7,09 cm (2,93%); penurunan Lpa secara bermakna (p<0,05) Bari 107,59 ± 6,67 menjadi 106,49 f 6,37 cm (1,02%); penurunan R Lpi-Lpa secara bermakna (p(O,O5) dari 0,80 ± 0,05 menjadi 0,78 ± 0,04 (2,24 %); penurunan kadar leptin serum secara bermalma (p<0,05) dari 23,31 (12,06-71,22) menjadi 18,18 (7,90-65,11) pg/mL (22,01 %); ditemukan korelasi positif antara kadar leptin serum dengan ML secara bermakna (p<0,05) sebelum perlakuan 0=0,47 ; p t,003) dan sesudah perlakuan (r3,57 ; p=0,001).Simpulan : Pemberian diet rendah kalori seimbang sebesar 915,23 kkal/h selama 14 hari dapat dengan efektif menurunkan berat badan, IMT, tebal lemak bawah kulit, persentase lemak, meningkatkan persentase massa bebas lemak, menurunkan rasio lingkar pinggang lingkar panggul dan kadar leptin serum, serta ditemukan korelasi positif bermakna antara massa lemak tubuh dan leptin serum baik sebelum maupun sesudah perlakuan.

---

Objective : To identify the effect of balanced low-calorie diet for 14 days on body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), total skin fold thickness (SFT), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and serum leptin level.

Place : Sumber Waras Hospital, Grogol

Material and Method : This study is a pre- and post-experimental balanced low-calorie diet 915.23 kcallday with the composition of 55.81 % carbohydrate, 19.46 % protein and 24.73 % fat for 14 days on 39 obese-women subjects (19-55 years old) who have met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The collected data include demographic characteristic, macronutrient and energy intake, as well as of anthropometry, FM, FFM, and serum leptin level.

Results : Body weight reduction occurs significantly (p<0.05) from 70.99 ± 8.62 to 68.81 ± 8.36 kg (3,07%), BMI reduction is significant (p<0.45) from 30,20 + 3,11kglm2 to 29,36 ± 2,94 kghn' (3,04%); significantly reduced SFT (p<0.05) from 99,32 ± 12,07 mm to 91,29 ± 10,85 mm (8,08%); significantly reduced FM (p<0,05) from 35.41 ± 2.75% to 33.65 ± 2.73% (1.76%); significantly increased FFM percentage (P<0.05) from 64.59 ± 2.74 to 66.35 ± 2.73 (2.72%); significantly reduced WC (waist circumference) (p<0.05) from 85.87 ± 7.31 to 83.35 ± 7.09 (2.93%); significantly reduced HC (hip circumference) (p<0.05) from 107.59 ± 6.67 to 106.49 ± 6.37 (1.02%); significantly reduced WHR (p<0.05) from 0.80 ± 0.05 to 0.78 ± 0.04 (2.24%); significantly reduced serum leptin level (p<0.05) from 23.31 (12.06 - 71.22) to 18.18 (7.90 - 65.11) (22.01%); positive correlation is observed between serum leptin level and FM significantly (p<0,05) before treatment (r= 0.47; p = 0.003) and after treatment (r=0,57;

Conclusions : Balanced low-calorie diet may effectively reduce body weight, BMI, skin fold thickness, percentage of fat mass, to increase percentage of fat free mass, to reduce waist to hip ratio and serum leptin level. There is a statistically significant positive correlation between serum leptin and body fat mass both before and after treatment."