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"Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 22-24Lichen planus is relatively common inflamatory disorder which may have cutaneous and/or mucosal manifestation. The maglinant potential of oral lichen planus is still debatable. Some authors are sceptical about the premaglinant nature of the disease, while other investigators have reporterd that maglinant transformation occur in 1-10% of the cases. The aim of this study is to report a case of erosive oral lichen planus which shows maglinant transformation on histopatologic examination. A man of 39 years old visited the Dental Departement of Kariadi's Hospital with pain symptom of palatum, buccal and gingival mucosa both side for 6 months. On the physical examination shows the white lesions with striae configuration and pain, red erosive area inside on the palatum extends to the buccal mucosa and the gingival. The suspect dignose is erosive lichen planus, but the histopathologic examination shows epidermoid carcinoma. lt is concluded that erosive oral lichen planus has the potential to transform into epidermoid carcinoma."

"Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a rather common oral disease, mainly affecting adults, occurring more often in women than in men. The etiopathogenesis is still unclear. The diagnosis may be cumbersome, even in the presence of a biopsy. In addition, there are several lesions that may resemble lichen planus (lichenoid lesions) both clinicallyand histopathologically. Treatment of OLP can only be symptomatic and usually consists of topical application of corticosteroids. The disease is characterized by remissions and exacerbations and may persist in some patients lifelong. There is an ongoing debate in the literature as whether OLP is a potentially malignant disease. Because of this uncertainty, annual follow-up is advised."

"Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 353-357Oral squamous cell carcinoma represents more than 90% of all oral cancers. Ten percent of the cases are found on the buccal mucosa and the gingiva. The World Health Organization defines a premalignant or precancerous lesion as a morphologically altered tissue in which cancer is more likely occur and includes oral leukoplakia, oral erythroplakia, and possibly oral lichen planus (OLP). The purpose of this study was to discuss the possibility of malignant transformation of OLP. The potency of OLP as a premalignant lesion is still an ongoing controversial discussion in the literature. The report a case of oral squamous cell carcinoma located on the left buccal mucosa accompanied by oral lichenoid lesions on the right buccal mucosa, lower labial mucosa, and left buccal mucosa. These findings led to a possibility of malignant transformation of the oral lichenoid lesions. Unfortunately, biopsy on the lichenoid lesions was not performed. Therefore, a definitive diagnosis of OLP could be established and the possibility of the lesions being dysplastic remained unclear. This study concluded that biopsy is mandatory to establish a definitive diagnosis of OLP and to investigate the possibility of dysplasia. It is necessary to perform examination of genetic alterations in dysplastic OLP in order to assess loss of heterozygosity (LOH), which may help to consider the risk of malignant transformation."

"Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory condition that effects oral mucous membranes with a variety of clinical presentations including reticular, atrophic, plaque and ulcerative lesions. Corticosteroid is one of the effective therapy for OLP in reducing the sign and symptoms of this disease, but this therapy have a serious side effect, therefore to administering one must consider the patient?s systemic condition. We reported a case of OLP in 52 years old female patient who has no history of diabetes mellitus and unknown glucose level. Management of this patient included application of corticosteroid swish, topical 0.05% clobetasol propionate and 0,1% triamcinolone acetonide, antimycotics, improvement the oral hygiene status and referral to internal medicine specialist. The next treatments plan challenging because unstable blood glucose level which in turn effects the drug choice and teeth extraction plan. We concluded that the treatment of OLP requires a complete assessment of medical status and lab studies specially on the first visit so the drug selection with corticosteroid therapy and the treatment planning of predisposing factor are effective in reducing the sign and symptoms of OLP with minimum systemic side effect."

"Lichen Planus is a chronic inflammatory disease that effects the skin and mucous membrane of squamous cell origin. Oral Lichen Planus can occur without the skin lesion and there are six types of the oral lesion, erosive, atrophic, bulla, papular, plaque like and retiqular. This disease can be caused by several factor, among them are antihypertensive drugs and emotional stress. In this case report we present a 43 years old female patient who suffered from several types of oral lichen planus that induced by ramipril, an antihypertensive drug, and emotional stress. There were some progressions after the drug was discontinued but the disease was worsening when emotional stress occured. The severity of the disease can be controlled by the use of topical corticosteroid and multivitamins."

"Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the oral mucous membranes with a variety of clinical presentations, including reticular, atrophic (desquamative gingivitis) and ulcrative lesions. Treatment aims primarily to reduce the length and severity of symptomatic outbreaks. We report a case of OLP in 53 years old female patient with hypertension as underlying disease. The patient had been treated with nifedipine and reserpine for twelve years. Management of the patient included the application of 0.05% clobetasol propionate in a custom tray for erosive gingival lesions, nutritional supplementation, oral hygiene promotion and consultation to internal medicine specialist. The improvement of OLP requires a complete assessment of the medical status and elimination of local exacerbating factors. Systemic drug therapy is needed if OLP is suspected as the cause of oral lichenoid lesion. Changing to other drug regimes may also become necessary for improved immune status."

"Profil hTERT dan P73 pada kultur sel kanker mulut dibandingkan mukosa normal: studi pendahuluan. Perubahan genetik pada p53 memungkinkan terjadinya imortalisasi sel dan meningkatkan predisposisi terjadinya transformasi ke arah neoplasma. Hal ini terkait dengan aktivitas telomerase yang menjaga panjang telomer, yang aktivitasnya seharusnya dibatasi oleh p53. p73, yang merupakan homolog p53, mempunyai kemampuan supresi tumor yang mirip dengan p53. Tingkat ekspresi P73 dan human TERT kemungkinan berbeda pada berbagai jenis sel kanker dibandingkan dengan jaringan normalnya. Saat ini belum terdapat data tentang profil protein human TERT dan P73 pada sel lini karsinoma sel skuamosa oral (KSSO) dibandingkan dengan jaringan mukosa oral normal. Tujuan: Studi ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan profil human TERT dan P73 pada sel lini KSSO dengan mutasi p53 dibandingkan dengan mukosa oral normal. Metode: Sel lini HSC-3 dan HSC-4 dengan mutasi p53 dikultur sedangkan mukosa oral normal dikumpulkan dari pasien tanpa kanker yang menjalani perawatan bedah mulut. Ekstraksi protein dan analisis profil human TERT dan P73 dilakukan dengan SDS-PAGE dan ditentukan berdasarkan perkiraan berat protein. Hasil: Pita human TERT jelas terlihat pada sel HSC-3 dan HSC-4 namun tidak pada mukosa oral normal. Densitas pita P73 pada sel HSC-3 terlihat lebih tebal dibandingkan pada sel HSC-4. Hanya 50% sampel mukosa oral normal memperlihatkan pita P73. Simpulan: Terlihat profil human TERT dan P73 yang berbeda pada sel kanker dan sel normal. Perbedaan ini kemungkinan bersifat spesifik tergantung jenis sel dan dipengaruhi oleh status p53. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan untuk menganalisis kemungkinan peran p73 dalam menggantikan fungsi p53 pada kanker mulut selanjutnya diperlukan.

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Genetic alteration on p53 allows cellular immortalization and predisposes cells to neoplastic transformation. This immortalization is related to telomere length maintenance by telomerase. Human TERT is a key component of telomerase, which activity is suppressed by p53. The p73, the homolog of p53, has a similar ability in tumor suppression. The P73 is expressed at a different level in various cancer cells and normal tissues. Profile of human TERT and P73 in mutant p53 OSCC cell line and normal human oral mucosa have not been known.Objective: To observe human TERT and P73 profile in mutant p53 OSCC cell lines and normal human oral mucosa. Methods: The extracted protein of HSC-3 and HSC-4 cell lines and normal mucosal tissues were analyzed with SDS PAGE to detect human TERT and p73 expression based on the molecular weight. Results: The HSC-3 cell line showed thicker band density of P73 compared to its density of HSC-4. Only 50% of normal oral mucosa tissue showed thick P73 band density. The human TERT band was clearly shown in HSC-3 and HSC-4 cell lines but not in normal oral mucosa. Conclusion: Different profile of human TERT and P73 in OSCC cell lines and normal oral mucosa might be cell-type specific and influenced by the status of p53. Analysis of the role of p73 in these cancers might need further research to determine possible p73 substitution for p53 function."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian mengenai lichen dilakukan di lingkungan kampus Universitas Indonesia, Depok pada Agustus 2015 -- Januari 2016. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan struktur komunitas lichen di Universitas Indonesia, Depok. Tujuh plot 25 x 25 m dibuat di hutan kota dan sembilan garis transek masing-masing sepanjang 50 m dibuat di jalan utama kampus. Lima pohon dipilih pada setiap titik plot dan transek garis sebagai sampel. Sampel diambil dari pohon dengan DBH (Diameter at Breast Height) minimal 20 cm dengan jaring plastik 10 cm x 10 cm yang melekat di utara, selatan, timur, dan barat sisi batang pohon. Jaring plastik dibagi menjadi 100 kotak persegi, kemudian ditempel pada pohon dengan ketinggian yang berbeda (0 cm -- 100 cm dan 100 cm -- 200 cm) dari permukaan tanah. Hasilnya diperoleh tiga famili lichen yang ditemukan di hutan kota yaitu, Leprariaceae, Sarrameanaceae dan Physciaceae dan lima famili lichen di jalan utama kampus yaitu, Sarrameanaceae, Parmeliaceae, Leprariaceae, Graphidaceae dan Physciaceae. Kesamaan famili lichen antara hutan kota dan jalan utama kampus berdasarkan Indeks Sorenson sebesar 75%. Famili Leprariaceae adalah famili yang dominan di hutan kota, sementara Sarrameanaceae adalah famili yang dominan di jalan utama kampus. Keragaman lichen kedua lokasi dikategorikan sedang berdasarkan Indeks Shannon Wiener (H '1--3), namun tidak ada yang berbeda secara signifikan di antara kedua tempat tersebut. Famili Leprariaceae memiliki frekuensi kehadiran tertinggi pada pohon inang yaitu pohon daruak (Microcos tomentosa) sebesar 7,5%. Berdasarkan uji asosiasi (x2) antara tekstur kulit pohon dengan lichen menunjukkan asosiasi positif antara tekstur kulit pohon dengan lichen. Kehadiran famili Sarrameanaceae, Leprariaceae, Graphidaceae dan Physciaceae dipengaruhi oleh tekstur kulit pohon inang sedikit kasar.

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ABSTRACT

Research on lichens was conducted at the Universitas Indonesia, Depok on August 2015 -- January 2016. The aim of this research is to determine community structur of lichen at the Universitas Indonesia, Depok. Seven plots of 25 x 25 m2 were made at the urban forest, while nine of 50 m line transect were made at the main road. Five trees of each plots and line transect were sampled. The samples were taken from trees with DBH (Diameter at Breast Height) minimum 20 cm then the grid 10 cm x 10 cm were attached at northern, southern, eastern, and western site of the trunk. The grid was divided into 100 square, then attached on trees in different height (0 cm - 100 cm and 100 cm - 200 cm) from the land surface. The result obtained three family of lichens were found in urban forest, they are Leprariaceae, Sarrameanaceae and Physciaceae. Five family were found at the main road, they were Sarrameanaceae, Parmeliaceae, Leprariaceae, Graphidaceae and Physciaceae. The similarity of lichens family between the urban forest and main road based on Sorenson similarity were high 75%. Family Leprariaceae was the dominant family at the urban forest, while Sarrameanaceae was dominant family at the main road. The diversity of lichen at both sites were categorized medium based on Shannon Wiener index (H? 1--3), however there was not significantly different between those place. Family Leprariaceae was the highest frequency of present on daruak (Microcos tomentosa) host tree, that was 7,5%. Based association test (x2) between the texture of tree bark with lichen, shows that positive association between the texture of tree bark with lichen,the presence of Sarrameanaceae, Leprariaceae, Graphidaceae and Physciaceae family is influenced by bark slightly rough."

"Selulosa mikrokristal merupakan eksipien yang umum digunakan dalam pembuatan sediaan farmasetika terutama sediaan tablet. Selulosa mikrokristal telah berhasil dibuat dari tumbuhan gulma eceng gondok Eichhornia crassipes melalui proses hidrolisis enzimatis. Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan kuantitas selulosa mikrokristal yang dihasilkan dengan memanfaatkan inhibitor ? -glukosidase yang diekstraksi dari lumut kerak, memperoleh kondisi optimum hidrolisis enzimatis meliputi optimasi pH dan waktu, serta mendapatkan identitas dan sifat fisikokimianya yang dibandingkan dengan selulosa mikrokristal standar, Avicel PH-101. Penelitian diawali dengan peremajaan kapang Trichoderma reesei, kemudian enzim selulase yang diekstraksi dari Trichoderma reesei bersama dengan inhibitor ? -glukosidase yang diekstraksi dari lumut kerak digunakan untuk hidrolisis enzimatis selulosa pada ? -selulosa hasil delignifikasi dari serbuk eceng gondok untuk memperoleh selulosa mikrokristal. Selulosa mikrokristal hasil hidrolisis enzimatis diidentifikasi, dikarakterisasi, dan dibandingkan dengan Avicel PH-101. Identitas dari selulosa mikrokristal diperoleh melalui spektrum inframerah yang mirip dengan standar. Selulosa mikrokristal yang diperoleh berupa serbuk sedikit kasar, tidak berbau dan berasa serta berwarna sedikit kekuningan dibandingkan standar. Karakteristik selulosa mikrokristal yang diperoleh meliputi terbentuk warna biru dengan larutan iodin, distribusi ukuran partikel sebesar 2,01 ? m, pH 7,03, kadar abu 0,23 , kadar air 3,42, susut pengeringan 3,16, kerapatan partikel passable, serta laju alir dan sudut istirahat yang memenuhi persyaratan. Berdasarkan perbandingan pola difraktogram dengan difraksi sinar-X dan secara morfologi dengan SEM Scanning Electron Microscope sudah terlihat kemiripan antara selulosa mikrokristal hasil hidrolisis dengan standar.

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Microcrystalline cellulose is an excipient commonly used in the manufacture of pharmaceutical preparations, especially tablet preparations. Microcrystalline cellulose has been successfully made from water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes through enzymatic hydrolysis process. This study aims to increase the quantity of microcrystalline cellulose produced by utilizing glucosidase inhibitors extracted from lichen, obtaining the optimum conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis including pH and time optimization, and obtaining its identity and physical properties compared to commercial microcrystalline cellulose, Avicel PH 101. The study began with the rejuvenation of Trichoderma reesei, then the cellulase enzyme extracted from Trichoderma reesei together with the glucosidase inhibitor extracted from the lichen were used for enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose from delignification of the water hyacinth powder to obtain microcrystalline cellulose. Microcrystalline cellulose from enzymatic hydrolysis results were identified, characterized, and compared with Avicel PH 101. The identity of microcrystalline cellulose was obtained through an infrared spectrum similar to the standard. Microcrystalline cellulose obtained in the form of a slightly coarse powder, odorless and tasteless and slightly yellowish than standard. Characteristics of microcrystalline cellulose obtained include blue violet color with iodine solution, particle size distribution of 2.01 m, pH 7.03, ash 0.23, moisture content 3.42, drying shrinkage 3.16 , passable particle density, as well as flow rate and angle of repose that met the requirements. Based on the comparison of difractogram pattern with X ray diffraction and morphology with SEM Scanning Electron Microscope a similarity was able to be seen between microcrystalline cellulose of hydrolysis result with standard."

"Therapy of radiation is chosen therapy for oral cancer especially Carcinoma Nasopharynx, however, often caused changes in normal tissue in the oral cavity. Based on the anamnese of the patient, they have dry mouth since the disturbance of the function of Parotid salivary gland has causing the saliva amount became lower. This condition can encourage the caries process. From all of the five cases occured after the radiation between one mouth until six year the time, extended damage is seen, demineralization with a small cavity and discoloring teeth color into brown."