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"Coupling between atmosphere and oceans can affect the global climate change. In the Indian Ocean, there is natural climate variation phenomenon caused by coupling between atmosphere and oceans, called the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). There are two types of IOD phase based on differences condition of the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in western and eastern Indian Ocean, i.e. positive and negative IOD. When positive IOD occurs, the SST in western Indian Ocean is warmer than usual while SST in Sumatera is colder than usual, and vice versa for negative IOD. IOD can be detected using Dipole Mode Index (DMI). The phenomenon of drought on one side of Indian Ocean and heavy rains on the other side is a direct impact of IOD phenomenon, IOD can also affects to the productivity of the oceans, fisheries, ecosystems and carbon budget."

"Caprellidae is one of the family of Amphipoda. This family is commonly known as "skeleton shrimps" or "ghost shrimps" because of its slender body shape looks like a skeleton and often resembles fine filaments of seaweed, hydroids or bryozoan. Caprellidae sometimes is not clearly visible and looks like a shadow. This family commonly found in seaweed, hydroids, bryozoans, sponges and seagrass. Caprellidae is a group of organisms that utilizes various feeding strategies, such as omnivorous, filter feeder, predator or others. Some notes about Caprellidae are discussed in this paper including its morphology, systematics, feeding habits. reproduction, habitat and distribution. "

"ABSTRACTThis article presents general knowledge about crab Huenta spp. belonging to the family Majidae. Eventhough this title seems very simple, but it actually cover many information, starting from its unique body, carapace shape, camouflage, biosystem atics, its life in the nature."

"Fishes are an economical and healthy source of protein for the majority of the world community. However the concentration of mercury in fish due to anthropogenic emissions pose health risks to humans. The concentration of organic mercury (methylmercury) dominates 80-90 persen total mercury concentrations in fish flesh. The Accumulation of mercury increases with the rise of water temperature, organism age, time of exposure, and the concentration of protein- bound mercury. The decline in salinity or hardness, pH, organic matter content, and the presence of Zn, Cd, or Se in solution will also increases the accumulation of mercury. The rate of accumulation of methylmercury in fish affects the toxicity, in which a low rate of accumulation associates with a higher tolerance. "

"Particle bombardment is a physical method of cell transformation. This method can be used in high density cell number. It is a versatile and effective transformation method, not limited by cell type, species or genotype. There are no intrinsic vector requirements so transgenes of any size and arrangement can be introduced, and multiple gene cotransformation is straightforward. A major advantage of particle bombardment is that the delivered DNA can be manipulated to influence the quality and structure of the resultant transgene loci. Particle bombardment can be applied effectively for genetic transformation in seaweeds, such as: Ulva pertusa, Laminaria japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, Kapaphycus alvarezii, Porphyra yezoensis, P. tenera, P. okamurae, P. onoi, P. variegate, P. pseudolinearis, Gracilaria gracilis, and G. changii. Gene expression in the transformation of seaweed using particle bombardment can be transient and stable. Based on their gene expression status, suggesting that genetic transformation using particle bombardment technique can be applied in seaweed. "