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"Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 111-116Apexification is the preparation of the endodontic treatment for a tooth with pulpal necrosis and incomplete developed apex. The aim of this treatment is to stimulate further apex development and formation of calcified tissue at the apex, so that conventional endodontic treatment could be performed. One of the most suitable material for apexification is calcium hydroxide since it has an excellent biocompatibility, antimicrobial property, and ability to stimulate hard tissue formation. In this case, apexification was performed on a 9 years old boy with incompletely developed apex and necrosis 36 tooth. Thereis, no subjective or clinical symptoms after 6 months. Although in the radiograph, apical closure was not clearly detected, apical stop was obtained in clinical examination. Subsequently, the 36 tooth was restored with onlay."

"Karbohidrat merupakan sumber energi terpenting yang dibutuhkan pada masa pertumbuhan anak. Karbohidrat merupakan faktor terpenting pada proses terjadinya karies. Prevalensi karies di Indonesia untuk kelompok usia 5 – 9 tahun berdasarkan RISKESDAS 2018 sebesar 92,6%. Kerentanan gigi untuk terkena karies mencapai titik maksimum setelah 2 – 3 tahun pasca erupsi. Gigi Molar permanen pertama dapat menggambarkan kondisi keparahan karies dalam rongga mulut sebagai gigi permanen yang tumbuh pertama kali. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan jenis dan frekuensi konsumsi karbohidrat terhadap karies gigi Molar satu permanen pada anak usia 8 – 9 tahun. Metode: Desain studi cross sectional. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 109 anak yang dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling. Variabel yang digunakan bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara frekuensi konsumsi karbohidrat dan kudapan dengan karies gigi Molar satu permanen. Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) digunakan untuk mengukur frekuensi konsumsi karbohidrat dan pemeriksaan klinis karies gigi Molar satu permanen menggunakan ICDAS. Kesimpulan: terdapat hubungan tidak bermakna antara frekuensi konsumsi karbohidrat makanan utama dan karbohidrat kudapan terhadap karies gigi Molar satu permanen anak usia 8- 9 tahun

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Carbohydrates are the most important source of energy needed during a child's growth. Carbohydrates are the most important factor in the process of caries. The prevalence of caries in Indonesia for the 5-9 years age group based on RISKESDAS 2018 is 92.6%. Tooth susceptibility to caries reaches its maximum point after 2 to 3 years after eruption. The first permanent Molars can describe the condition of the severity of caries in the oral cavity as a permanent tooth that grows first. Aim: To analyse the relationship between type and frequency of carbohydrate consumption against caries of permanent first Molar teeth in children aged 8 – 9 years. Method: Cross sectional study design. There were 109 study subjects, selected using purposive sampling. The variable used aims to analyse the relationship between the frequency of carbohydrate consumption and snacks with dental caries for permanent first Molar. food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) used to measure the frequency of carbohydrate consumption and clinical examination of dental permanent first Molar teeth using ICDAS. Conclusion: there is no significant relationship between the frequency of carbohydrate as main course consumption and carbohydrate as snacks on dental caries in permanent first Molar children aged 8- 9 years"

"Data epidemiologi surveilan harus memiliki nilai validitas dan reliabilitas tinggi. Indek CAST berpotensi sebagai alat penilaian epidemiologi karies gigi. Perawat gigi termasuk tenaga pelaksana upaya kesehatan gigi dalam program skrining. Tujuan: mendapatkan tingkat kesesuaian antara perawat gigi dan dokter gigi dalam menilai kebutuhan perawatan karies gigi anak umur 6-12 tahun menggunakan indek CAST. Uji diagnostik pendekatan crossectional pada 95 anak 6-12 tahun, pemeriksaan klinik, analisis pearson korelasion, ICC dan ROC. Tingkat kesesuaian antar pengamat baik (ICC 0,59-0,97). Sensitivitas dan spesifisitas cukup baik (sensitivitas 70-100%), dan spesifisitas (51-100%). Perawat gigi dapat menjadi salah satu tenaga epidemiologi suveilans dalam penilaian kebutuhan perawatan karies menggunakan indek CAST.

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Epidemiological surveillance data should have high values in validity and reliability. Index CAST were a potential epidemiology tools for dental caries assessment. Dental nurses are the executive personnel for screening programs in dental health care. To get the compatibility between dentists and dental nurses in assessing care needs of dental caries by using CAST index in children 6-12 years old.Diagnostic test with Cross Sectional approach, samples consists of 95 children between 6-12 years old, clinical examination, and all data analyzed by Pearson correlation, ICC and ROC tests respectively. There are good level of concordance between the observers (ICC 0.59 to 0.97) and the sensitivity and specificity values were good enough (sensitivity 70-100%) and specificity (51- 100%). Dental nurse can be one of the surveillance epidemiologists in the assessment of dental caries care needs by using CAST index."

"Gigi molar pertama tetap adalah gigi yang paling peka terhadap karies, sehingga pada anak sering di jumpai gigi molar pertama tetapnya telah mengalami kerusakan yang cukup berat. Sehubungan dangan hal tersebut telah diupayakan berbagai cara untuk mencegah karies pada gigi tetap, terutama pada gigi molar pertama, karena erupsinya paling awal. Salah satu cara yang dianjurkan adalah dengan menutup pit dan fisur, karena biasanya karies dimulai dari daerah tersebut. Untuk penelitian ini digunakan semen glass ionomer. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui sejauhmana semen glass- ionorner dapat mencegah karies pit dan fisur gigi molar pertama tetap dan sejauh mana semen tersebut dapat bertahan di dalam fit dan fisur gigi molar tetap pertama. Subjek penelitian adalah gigi molar pertama tetap siswa sekolah dasar TRISULA Salemba Tengah kelas I, II. III. dengan- usia 6 - 9 tahun. Sejumlah 69 anak telah terpilih untuk diteliti. Setiap anak di lakukan penutupan pit dan fisur pada 2 gigi molar pertama tetap atas dan bawah secara silang, sehingga seluruh gigi perlakuan 138 buah. Sedang 2 gigi yang lain dipergunakan sebagai kontrol."

"Pericoronitis is non specific infection at gingival around the crown of the tooth which imperfect eruption. Clinical appearance of pericooronitis is reddish and refined swelling at the gingival around the tooth that involved with disseminating of painful extend to ear, throat and mouth base. Many effects caused by pericoronitis such as unpleasant feeling caused of pain when chewing and occlusion, come out of purulent exudates from the edge of the gingival, and also can finded cheek swollen and lymphadenitis. The management of pericoronitis consists of infection control phase and tooth extraction based on indication or removing of operculum tissue that covered the tooth. This paper reported a 6 years old boy that coming with complaint of gusi rahang belakang kanan terasa bengkak dan mengganggu. The treatment that be done is excision of the operculum tissue."

"ABSTRAK Kecemasan adalah suatu respon yang terjadi akibat situasi yang bersifat mengancam, salah satunya dapat terjadi akibat situasi perawatan gigi. Salah satu respon fisiologis yang terjadi adalah terjadinya peningkatan denyut nadi. Anak-anak usia 4-6 tahun memberikan respon yang agresif terhadap kecemasan dan membutuhkan suatu pendekatan psikologis. Teknik yang dapat dilakukan untuk menurunkan kecemasan tersebut salah satunya adalah melalui pendekatan positive pre-visit imagery dengan menggunakan intervensi buku pop-up. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh intervensi buku pop-up ldquo;Aku dan Gigiku rdquo; terhadap respon denyut nadi anak usia 4-6 tahun. Sebanyak 38 anak usia 4-6 tahun dibagi menjadi dua kelompok sama besar, yaitu kelompok perlakuan yang diberikan intervensi buku pop-up ldquo;Aku dan Gigiku rdquo; dan kelompok kontrol tanpa intervensi buku pop-up ldquo;Aku dan Gigiku rdquo;. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh intervensi buku pop-up ldquo;Aku dan Gigiku rdquo; terhadap respon denyut nadi anak usia 4-6 tahun. p=0,001 ABSTRACT Anxiety is a response to certain situations that threaten, it can occur in dental treatment situation. One of the physiological response that happens to anxiety is the increased pulse rate. Children aged 4 6 years respond aggressive to anxiety and need psychological approach. One way to reduce dental anxiety is to provide positive pre visit imagery through the intervention of pop up book ldquo Aku dan Gigiku rdquo . The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of pop up book ldquo Aku dan Gigiku rdquo to pulse rate response in children aged 4 6 years. A total of 38 children aged 4 6 years divided into two different groups, the interventions group with pop up book ldquo Aku dan Gigiku rdquo and control group, pulse of both groups were measured. The result showed there was significant difference of decreased pulse rate with and without intervention of pop up book ldquo Aku dan Gigiku rdquo . p 0,001 "

"[ABSTRAKSalah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas hidup adalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Keadaan gigi dan mulut anak usia 12 tahun sangat rentan. Tujuannya menganalisis status kesehatan gigi dan mulut dihubungkan dengan kualitas hidup anak menggunakan COHIP-SF versi Indonesia. Penelitian analitik dengan desain cross-sectional, pada 300 anak usia 12 tahun, wawancara dan pemeriksaan. Diketahui rerata DMF-T 2,51, rerata PUFA 0,49 gigi perorang, dan OHI-S 1,70. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara DMF-T dengan COHIP-SF versi Indonesia(rs=-0,1, p=0,017), PUFA(rs=-0,16, p=0,005) dan OHI-S(rs=-0,16, p=0,004) dengan COHIP-SF versi Indonesia. Kesimpulannya semakin baik status kesehatan gigi anak maka kualitas hidup anak akan semakin baik.

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ABSTRACTOne the factors that affect the quality of life is the dental oral health. Especially the condition of teeth and mouth child 12 years of age are particularly vulnerable. Objective:To analyze the dental health status linked to the quality of life of children using COHIP-SF Indonesian version. Methods:The study analytic with cross-sectional design, the 300 children, interview and examination. Results:The mean DMF-T 2.51, PUFA 0.49, OHI-S 1.70. There is a significant association between the DMF-T (rs=-0.1;p=0.017), PUFA(rs=-0.16;p=0.005), OHI-S (rs=- 0,16;p=0.004) with COHIP-SF Indonesian version. Conclusion:The better the dental health status of children, is the quality of life the children will be better., One the factors that affect the quality of life is the dental oral health. Especially the condition of teeth and mouth child 12 years of age are particularly vulnerable. Objective:To analyze the dental health status linked to the quality of life of children using COHIP-SF Indonesian version. Methods:The study analytic with cross-sectional design, the 300 children, interview and examination. Results:The mean DMF-T 2.51, PUFA 0.49, OHI-S 1.70. There is a significant association between the DMF-T (rs=-0.1;p=0.017), PUFA(rs=-0.16;p=0.005), OHI-S (rs=- 0,16;p=0.004) with COHIP-SF Indonesian version. Conclusion:The better the dental health status of children, is the quality of life the children will be better.]"

"ABSTRAK Anak dengan gangguan pendengaran mempunyai masalah dalam berkomunikasi yang menimbulkan dampak perkembangan psikologisnya. Hubungan emosional antara ibu dan anak dapat membantu memberikan pengaruh emosi pada anak dengan gangguan pendengaran. Kecemasan terhadap perawatan gigi merupakan masalah psikologis yang sering muncul dan menjadi masalah pada anak dengan gangguan pendengaran. Salivary alpha amylase sAA merupakan biomarker non invasif yang dapat menilai kecemasan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisa kadar sAA antara ibu dan anak dengan gangguan pendengaran usia 4-6 tahun sebelum dan sesudah oral prophylaxis. 21 ibu dan anak dengan gangguan pendengaran usia 4-6 tahun ikut dalam penelitian ini. Keduanya duduk bersama di ruang tunggu untuk diambil sAA pertama. sAA kedua diambil setelah anak menerima oral prophylaxis di ruangan yang terpisah dan saat bersamaan sAA ibu diambil diruang tunggu. sAA yang terkumpul kemudian diukur dengan sAA monitor. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Spearmann. Terdapat korelasi positif kadar sAA antara ibu dan anak dengan gangguan pendengaran sebelum dan sesudah oral prophylaxis p=0.001 dengan kekuatan koefisien korelasi r=0.817 . Penelitian ini menunjukkan kecemasan ibu dan anak dengan gangguan pendengaran berkorelasi sangat kuat sehingga untuk mencapai keberhasilan perawatan dalam kedokteran gigi anak dapat dilakukan pendekatan melalui ibu untuk menurunkan tingkat kecemasan anak.ABSTRACT Children with hearing impairment have a communication problem that has impact on their psychological developmental. Stronger emotional relationship between mother and her child can give positive emotional feedback to children with hearing impairment. Dental anxiety is one of psychological problems that often appear in children with hearing impairment. Salivary alpha amylase sAA is a non invasive biomarker that can assess anxiety. The purpose of this research is to analyze sAA level between mothers and their 4 ndash 6 years old children with hearing impairment, before and after oral prophylaxis. 21 mothers and their 4 6 years old children with hearing impairment join this research. Their first sAA was taken while sitting together in the waiting room. Second sAA was taken after the children given oral prophylaxis in the separated room at the same time as mothers rsquo are collected in the waiting room. Collected sAA are measured with sAA monitor. Collected data are analyzed with Spearmann test. There is a positive anxiety correlation between mothers and their children with hearing impairment, before and after oral prophylaxis p 0.001 with correlation coefficient strength r 0.817 . This research showed anxiety of mothers and their children with hearing impairment strongly correlated so that to achieve a successful dental treatment in pediatric dentistry, an approach to mother can reduce dental anxiety level in a child."

"Agenesis described as a certain developmental disorder that is a lacking in the number of teeth present intraorally. Hypodontia is an agenesis with the absence of one or several teeth. In most of the population, the prevalence is 3,5 - 6,5%, with 0,3-0,4% for a severe hypodontia (an absence of 6 teeth or more clinically). Agenesis affects permanent dentition more often than primary dentition, and the incidence of agenesis is greater in female than male patients. Agenesis might be a result of enviromental and genetic factors. It is necessary to have a comprehensive treatment for a case of hypodontia, which involves restorative, orthodontic, a prosthetic treatment based on the children's growth and development. In the present case, a patient of 6 years and 5 months old girl was diagnosed with severe hypodontia. The treatment of choice included a removable ortodontic appliance for the upper jaw and removable space maintainer for the lower jaw. The removable orthodontic appliance served as an interceptive orthodontic treatment to correct anterior crossbites, and the child will be refered to the orthodontist to treat a Class III skeletal malocclusion. The space maintainer was to be used until the patient's condition become favorable for a permanent fixed bridge or steel removable partial denture."

"Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia which is surrounded by its satellite cities Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi.Nonetheless, scarce information are available of the current oral health of children. Objective: The study aims todescribe caries and gingival status among 5 and 12 years old children in Jabodetabek. Jabodetabek is an abbreviationof Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, and the satellite cities in its surrounding (Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi).Methods: The survey was done in 2014 and had already got ethical approval. Design of this study was crosssectional.Subjects were 5-year-old and 12-year-old Indonesian children living in Jabodetabek, selected using cluster samplingmethod. One trained examiner performed the clinical examination. Caries experience was measured using DMFTindex, severity of decayed teeth was assessed using PUFA index, gingival status and oral hygiene were measuredby Loe and Sillness modified index. Results: A total of 390 5-year-old and 458 12-year-old children with balancedproportion between girls and boys participated in the survey. The prevalence of caries experience among the 5-yearoldchildren and 12-year-old children were 90% and 84% respectively. The mean DMFT and DT scores amongthe 5-year-old children and 12-year-old children were 7.5±5.5 and 6.8±4.8; 3.2±2.2 and 2.9±2.1 respectively. Pulpinvolvement were apparent in 45% and 23% of caries in 5 and 12-year-old children respectively. Most children, 45%5-year-old children and 92% 12-year-old children had substantial amount of plaque. Moreover, 68% 12-year-oldchildren had gingivitis. Conclusion: Dental caries were prevalent among 5 and 12-year-old Indonesian children inJakarta and its satellite cities. The oral health condition of most of the children were poor."