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"Dangerous CO2 emissions, massive oil spills, dwindling supplies the problems with fossil fuels are driving a longoverdue reassessment of our nation's energy policies. U.S. Congressman Jerry McNerney, a renewable energy engineer and the first representative with expertise in energy independence, leads the way to change. In "Clean Energy Nation", he and journalist Martin Cheek make an impassioned argument for drastically reducing dependency on fossil fuels and developing sustainable, readily available energy sources solar, wind, biofuel, geothermal, and hydrogen-based power. Bringing together a rare combination of scientific knowledge, political savvy, and insightful journalism, the authors reveal the pros and cons of alternative energy sources and examine how our nation became addicted to fossil fuels in the first place. The book reads like the dramatic story it is, complete with dire projections about peak oil and grim scenarios of rising oceans! keen insights into policies and players that have stalled progress on climate change and favored big oil!and astute recommendations for building a clean energy economy and a prosperous, stable future."

"This book describes and assesses energy technologies, markets and future strategies, focusing on their capacity to produce, exchange, and use energy vectors. Special attention is given to the renewable energy resources available in different areas of the world and made exploitable by the integration of energy vectors in the global energy system. Clear definitions of energy vectors and energy systems are used as the basis for a complete explanation and assessment of up-to-date, available technologies for energy resources, transport and storage systems, conversion and use. The energy vectors scheme allows the potential realization of a worldwide sustainable energy system to fulfill global development expectations by minimizing both the impact on the environment, and the international political frictions for access to limited and concentrated resources."

"ABSTRAKPenggunaan bahan bakar fosil selama ini menghadirkan dua permasalahan utama, yaitu kerusakan lingkungan akibat emisi gas rumah kaca, serta persoalan ketersediaan energi. Untuk mengatasinya, penganekaragaman sumber energi menjadi agenda yang penting. Walaupun saat ini telah banyak terobosan IPTEK serta semakin menguatnya desakan untuk beralih kepada teknologi energi terbarukan, porsi bahan bakar fosil di dalam sistem energi Indonesia masih sangat tinggi. Diduga, salah satu sebabnya adalah path dependence atau alur ketergantungan yang ldquo;mengunci rdquo; teknologi dan institusi yang ada untuk terus-menerus menggunakan sumber energi fosil yang kemudian menghambat perkembangan pemanfaatan sumber energi lainnya, termasuk energi terbarukan. Hasil pengujian empiris ternyata mendukung dugaan tersebut: persistensi pemanfaatan bahan bakar fosil di dalam bauran energi Indonesia sangat tinggi. Keberadaan path dependence menyulitkan Indonesia keluar dari ketergan-tungannya terhadap sumber energi fosil.

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ABSTRACTCurrent fossil fuels use has created two major issues environmental damage from greenhouse gas emission and energy security. Solving these problems must involve diversification of energy sources. Development in science and technology, along with increasing demand for shifting to cleaner and renewable energy sources in the recent decades have not changed the proportion of fossil fuel in Indonesia energy mix. One explanation to this phenomenon is the existence of path dependence that locks Indonesia rsquo s technological systems and institutions into cycles of fossil fuels consumption, therefore limiting the development of alternative technologies. Empirical evidence suggests that this is the case persistence of fossil fuels in Indonesia is very high. The existence of path dependence creates barriers, making it difficult for Indonesia to get out from its dependency on oil, coal, and natural gas."

"ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the enviromental and economic impacts of introducing CO2 taxation on carbon-based fuels using a detailed disaggregation of energy-economy-enviromental CGE model for Indonesia. The carbon tax has yet to beimplemented in Indonesia. However, this instrument has been considered in the ministry of finance report as one of the goverment's fiscal strategic framework to finance the country's action plan in commitments to reduce the GHG emissions. Suppose that the goverment levies the tax of Rp.100,000/ton CO2e under two possible revenue-recycling scenarios: the carbon tax revenue is recycled troght a reduction of labour income tax rate or an incrase of goverment spending on commodities. For comparison purpose, we also implement the non-compensated scenario of which the additional revenue from carbon tax is kept as goverment savings to run budget surplus. Overall, the results suggested that the carbon tax reduces the national emissions but adding more cost to the economy, resulting a fall in GDP. in term of income distribution, the carbon tax tends to be progressive in bth scenarios of revenue-recycling. However, when there is no compensating mechanism, the carbon tax tends to be reggresive - the poorer houshols carry a higher share of the carbon tax burden."