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"In deep periodontal lesions, scaling and root planning (SRP) failed to complete elimination of periodontal bacteria, so chemical antimicrobial agents are used topically to destroy microorganism. Povidon-iodin 10% is one of antimicrobial agents that can be applied topically anddirectly in the pocket. The aim of the research were evaluated the efficacy of povidon-iodin l0% as chemical antimicrobial agents locally applied into periodontal pocket. The data are obtained from patients with chronic adult periodontitis baseline periodontal pocket depth (PPD) are 5-7 mm. The teeth are scaled and root planed after clinical examinations ( plaque index, papilla bleeding index and periodontal pocket depth ) and test sites or control sites are assisned randomly. Topically application of povidon-iodin 10% at test sites and aquabides at control sites is applied at day 1st and day 7th. The clinical parameters are assessed at day 14th. The results of the research showed that application of povidon-iodin l0% afer SRP provide statistically significant more favorable papilla bleeding index reduction than SRP + aquabides after 14 days. The pocket depth reduction at testsites are greater than control sites ( baseline PPD=6 and 7 mm). The conclusions of the research showed that application subgingival povidon-iodin 10% as adjunctive to SRP significantly reducePBI and PPD ( 6 & 7 mm ) than without application povidon-iodin 10%."

"Metronidazole gel 25% as an adjunct to scaling and root planing showed clinical effect better than scaling and root-planing alone. In Indonesia metronidazole gel is not popular, since probably it is expensive and not easy to obtain, so there is an idea to make metronidazole gel 25% mixture with relatively cheaper. The purpose of the study was to evaluate clinical effect of metronidazole gel 25%. Thirty Chronic Adult Periodontitis patients possessing at least 3 teeth >6mm pocket dept, >4 mm attachment loss, and bleeding on probing were selected and grouped into metronidazole 25%, PVP-I 10%, and as controle respective. After SRP of all quadrant, 3 teeth were randomly selected as respectively metronidazole gel 25% and PVP-I 10% were applied on day 0 and day 7, BOP, PPD, and clinical attachment gain were recorded at baseline and 1 month post therapy. Bleeding on probing was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test, pocket depth and attachment gain were analyzed using Anova test. The result showed a significant difference in each group before and after the application. However, metronidazol group was the best compared to the other two groups."

"Latar Belakang: Periodontitis merupakan inflamasi pada jaringan pendukung gigi yang disebabkan oleh mikroorganisme yang menyebabkan destruksi ligamen periodontal dan tulang alveolar, yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kedalaman poket, resesi, ataupun keduanya. Penyakit periodontal diderita oleh sebanyak 20-50% populasi dunia. Penyakit periodontal juga merupakan penyebab terbesar dari kehilangan gigi dan dipertimbangkan menjadi salah satu dari dua ancaman terbesar pada rongga mulut. Salah satu faktor hospes yang berperan penting dalam periodontitis adalah faktor genetik, dan salah satunya yaitu gen MIF-173 G/C (rs755622). Gen MIF berperan dalam menginisiasi ataupun memodulasi respon inflamasi pada jaringan periodontal. Polimorfisme pada gen ini menyebabkan perubahan fungsi dalam regulasi makrofag dan penurunan glukokortikoid. Penelitian ini juga belum pernah dilakukan di Indonesia. Tujuan: Menganalisis gambaran polimorfisme gen MIF-173 G/C (rs755622) pada Penderita Periodontitis di Indonesia. Metode: Analisis polimorfisme gen MIF-173 G/C (rs755622) yang dilakukan dengan metode PCR-RFLP dan divisualisasikan menggunakan Gel Electrophoresis. Hasil: Penelitian ini menggunakan 155 sampel antara lain 76 sampel non-periodontitis dan 79 sampel periodontitis, ditemukan 70 sampel non-periodontitis memiliki genotip GG dan 6 sampel non-periodontitis memiliki genotip GC. Sedangkan kelompok periodontitis memiliki 73 sampel dengan genotip GG dan 6 sampel dengan genotip GC. Tidak ditemukan genotip CC pada sampel non-periodontitis maupun periodontitis. Sementara frekuensi alel yang muncul yaitu 143 alel G dan 12 alel C. Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada distribusi polimorfisme gen MIF-173 G/C antara penderita periodontitis dengan individu sehat (p = 1,0).

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Background: Periodontitis is an inflammation in periodontal caused by microoganism. It induces periodontal ligament and alveolar bone destruction, which are marked by pocket increased, recession, or both. Periodontal disease were affected by 20-50% of world’s population. Also, periodontal disease is one of the biggest causes of tooth loss and is considered to be one of the two biggest threats to the oral cavity. One of the host factors that play an important role in periodontitis is genetic factors, and one of them is the MIF-173 G / C (rs755622) gene. The MIF gene is involved in initiating or modulating the inflammatory response in periodontal tissues. Polymorphism in this gene causes a change in function of macrophage regulation and glucocorticoids reduction. This research has also not been conducted in Indonesia. Objective: To analyze the polymorphism of MIF-173 G/C (rs755622) gene in periodontitis patients in Indonesia. Methods: Analysis of MIF-173 G/C (rs755622) gene polymorphism carried out by PCR-RFLP method and visualized using Gel Electrophoresis. Results: This study used 155 samples including 76 healthy control samples and 79 periodontitis samples, were found 70 control samples had GG genotypes and 6 control samples had GC genotypes. While the periodontitis group had 73 samples with GG genotype and 6 samples with GC genotypes. CC genotypes were not found in the control sample or periodontitis. While the frequency of alleles that emerged were 143 G alleles and 12 alleles C. Conclusion: There were no significant differences in the distribution of MIF-173 G/C gene polymorphisms between periodontitis patients and the healthy ones (p = 1.0)."

"Periodontitis merupakan salah satu penyakit gigi dan mulut yang umum diderita penduduk dunia. Klasifikasi penyakit periodontitis direvisi pada tahun 2017, menggabungkan periodontitis kronis dan periodontitis agresif menjadi periodontitis yang memiliki tiga dimensi untuk menjelaskan periodontitis. Data epidemiologi penyakit periodontitis menggunakan klasifikasi terbaru dapat digunakan sebagai informasi dalam menyusun rencana pencegahan dan penanganan penyakit periodontitis. Data tersebut masih belum ada di Indonesia. Tujuan: Mengetahui distribusi penyakit periodontitis menggunakan klasifikasi penyakit periodontal tahun 2017 di Rumah Sakit Khusus Gigi dan Mulut Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia Periode 2014-2017. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif data sekunder dengan subjek 392 rekam medik. Hasil: Penyakit periodontitis terbanyak menurut pembagian staging adalah stage 3 (52,2%) dan stage 4 (35,8%), menurut pembagian grading adalah grade A (60,4%), dan menurut distribusi dan perluasan adalah generalis (82,6%). Kesimpulan: Klasifikasi terbaru periodontitis tahun 2017 memberikan detil yang lebih baik dalam menggambarkan kondisi rongga mulut pasien. Penyakit periodontitis terbanyak menurut klasifikasi tahun 2017 adalah stage 3 grade A generalis.

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Periodontitis is one of the most common oral disease infected world citizen. Periodontitis classification was revised in 2017, which merge chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis into periodontitis with three dimensions as descriptor. Epidemiology information of periodontitis can be used as information for prevention and treatment plan of periodontitis. In Indonesia, there is no data about the new classification.

Objective: Discover the distribution of periodontitis at Periodontal Clinic RSKGM FKG UI 2014-2017.

Methods: Descriptive study using 392 medical records as subjects.

Results: The most common periodontitis based on staging is stage 3 (52,2%) and stage 4 (35,8%), grade A (60,4) based on grading, and generalized (82,6%) based on distribution and extent.

Conclusion: The new periodontitis classification in 2017 gives better detail in describing patient oral cavitiy condition. The most common periodontitis based on 2017 classification is stage 3 grade A generalized."

"Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati ketahanan korosi dari TAD berbahan SS setelah pemaparan pada tiga jenis larutan kumur yang berbeda yang ditinjau dari permukaan topografi dan komposisi atomik. Metode : 28 unit TAD berbahan Stainless Steel dibagi secara merata ke dalam 4 kelompok larutan kumur (sodium fluoride 0,2%, povidone iodine 1%, kitosan 1,5%, dan air destilasi) yang masing-masing terdiri dari 7 unit TAD. Setelah 3 bulan perendaman dilakukan evaluasi ketahanan korosi material TAD SS menggunakan scanning electrone microscope (SEM) untuk melihat topografi permukaan dan energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) untuk melihat komposisi atomik pada permukaan logam TAD SS. Hasil : Uji SEM menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara permukaan TAD SS setelah pemaparan dalam larutan sodium fluoride, povidone iodine, dan larutan kontrol (air destilasi) yaitu permukaan menjadi kasar dan terbentuk korosi lubang/intergranular. Namun pada TAD SS yang direndam dalam larutan kitosan hanya mengalami perubahan permukaan menjadi kasar tanpa disertai korosi lubang/intergranular. Sementara uji EDS menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan antara komposisi atomik TAD berbahan logam stainless steel setelah dipaparkan dalam larutan Fluoride, povidone iodine, kitosan, dan air destilasi (kontrol). Kesimpulan : Perendaman TAD SS 316L pada ketiga larutan kumur memicu proses korosi yang terlihat dari kekasaran permukaan logam paska perendaman, dengan larutan sodium fluoride dan povidone iodine bersifat lebih korosif, sementara larutan kitosan yang paling tidak korosif. TAD SS 316L memiliki biokompatibilitas yang baik terlihat dari pelepasan ion nikel dan kromium yang minimal pada seluruh sampel TAD SS paska perendaman.

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Objectives : This study aims to evaluate the corrosion resistance of stainless steel TAD after immersion in three mouthwash solutions marked by topography surface and atomic composition. Methods : 28 unit stainless steel TADs were divided into 4 group of mouthwashes (0,2% sodium fluoride, 1% povidone iodine, 1,5% chitosan, and distilled water as control group) each consisting of 7 TADs. After 3 months of immersion, the corrosion resistance of SS TAD will be evaluated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) to analyze the surface topography and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to analyze the atomic composition. Results: SEM images showed no significant difference between the surface topography of SS TAD after immersion in sodium fluoride, povidone iodine, and distilled water as they exhibit surface roughness and the presence of pitting/intergranular corrosion. However, SS TAD immersed in chitosan solution only displayed surface roughness without any sign of pitting/intergranular corrosion. EDS examination showed no significant difference between the atomic composition of SS TAD immersed in all mouthwash solutions. Conclusions : Immersion of SS TAD 316L in three different mouthwashes induced corrosion process which is shown by the surface roughness after 3 months of immersion. Sodium fluoride and povidone iodine mouthwash have shown to be more corrosive, while chitosan mouthwash was the least corrosive. SS TAD 316L displayed good biocompatibility which is shown by minimal release of nickel and chromium ions on all TAD samples after immersion"

"Generalized aggressive periodontitis is a disease or a disorder of periodontium that occurs in people below 30 years old. These patients usually have several immune response disorders, such as defects in chemotaxis, phagocytic of neturophils and monocytes, and genetic defect. Clinically, there are generalized losses of tissue attachment with extensive, rapid and progressive alveolar bone resorption. In order to repair bone destruction, treatment that produce bone regeneration is needed, i.e. full thickness flap with bone grafting. In these cases, allograft and alloplast bone grafts were used. Allograft is derived from subjects within the same species but different individuals, whereas alloplast is foreign body embedded into the tissue (e.g. hydroxylapatite). In this report, pocket depth, papillae bleeding index (PBI), and clinical attachment were evaluated. Six month after surgery and bone grafting, there were + 4 mm decrease of pocket depths, bleeding on probing index and 3-4 mm increase of clinical attachment. Unstimulated wholes saliva were also collected for DNA isolation. The IL-1beta(+3954) genotypes were performed by Polymerase chain reaction, digested with TagI restriction enzyme and separated by gel electrophoresis. Results showed both patients bearing allele 2 homozygous of IL-1B+3954 genotype. This genotype has been identified as the one of immunogenetic factor that could affect the severity of periodontal disease. Successful treatment depends on the adequacy of oral hygiene. Patients were advised to maintain optimal oral hygiene and to do periodic check every 2-3 months."

"Kulit merupakan sistem pertahanan eksternal, langsung menjalani proses penyembuhan luka ketika terjadi luka dan banyak orang cenderung memberi proses penyembuhan luka dengan agen antiseptik, povidone iodine 10 Betadine . Namun, terdapat ide baru tentang penggunaan povidone iodine 5 pada penyembuhan luka kulit yang dapat memberikan efek yang berbeda. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan efek berbeda dari penggunaan konsentrasi yang berbeda dari povidone iodine pada jumlah PMN, fibroblast, dan serat kolagen dan untuk menentukan kadar 5 atau 10 yang lebih cocok untuk digunakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan tikus sebagai sampel, masing-masing tikus diberikan 3 luka dengan 3 perlakuan berbeda terdiri dari kontrol, povidone iodine 10 , dan povidone iodine 5 . Pada hari ke-3, tiga tikus pertama dikorbankan dan pada hari ke-7 3 tikus berikut dikorbankan, lalu dibuat spesimen histologi dengan mengambil area luka dan diwarnai dengan Hematoksilin-Eosin untuk menganalisis jumlah PMN dan fibroblast, serta Van Gieson menganalisis serat kolagen. Hasil dari penelitian ini memperlihatkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara povidone iodine 5 dan 10 dalam proses keseluruhan penyembuhan luka yang dilihat dari jumlah PMN, fibroblast, dan serat kolagen.

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Skin is an external defense system, directly undergo wound healing process when scars occur and people tend to interfere the wound healing process with antiseptic agents, in this case is the use of povidone iodine 10 Betadine . However, there is new idea about the appliance of povidone iodine 5 on cutaneous wound healing may give different effect. This research aims to compare the different effect of using different concentration of povidone iodine on number of PMN, fibroblast, and collagen fibers during wound healing process and to determine which one is more suitable to use.

This experiment using rats as samples, each rat is given 3 wounds with 3 different treatments consisted of control, povidone iodine 10, and povidone iodine 5. On the 3rd day, the first three rats were sacrificed and on the 7th day the following 3 rats were sacrificed, then made histological specimens by taking the wound area and stained it using Hematoxylin eosin to analyze number of PMN and fibroblast, also Van Gieson to analyze collagen fibers. The result of this experiment is that there is no significant difference among povidone iodine 5 and 10 in overall process or phases of wound healing, as seen from number of PMN, fibroblast, as well as collagen fibers. "

"Aplikasi Subgingiva antimikroba setelah Skeling dan Penghalusan Akar SPA mampu membunuh bakteri anaerob yang tersisa Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efek klinis aplikasi subgingiva H2O2 3 setelah SPA pada periodontitis kronis poket le 6 mm 45 subjek periodontitis kronis poket le 6 mm diskor plak skor perdarahan kedalaman poket kehilangan perlekatan Satu sisi rahang diaplikasi subgingiva H2O2 3 dan kontrol pada kontralateral dievaluasi 4 minggu setelahnya Aplikasi subgingiva H2O2 3 secara statistik terbukti menurunkan skor perdarahan kedalaman poket kehilangan perlekatan pre dan post perawatan serta antar kedua kelompok periodontitis kronis poket le 6 mm Kata kunci Skor Perdarahan Poket Periodontal Kehilangan Perlekatan SPA Aplikasi subgingiva

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Subgingival application with 3 H2O2 after scaling and root planing SRP is assumed to be kill the bacteria left behind after mechanical debridement The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical effects of subgingival application 3 H2O2 after SRP in the treatment of chronic periodontitis pocket depth le 6 mm Forty five patients chronic periodontitis pocket depth le 6 mm were scaled and root planed prior to baseline measurement BOP PPD CAL and evaluated on weeks 4 Subgingival application with 3 H2O2 produced a significant reduction in BOP PPD and CAL compared to the control Key words Gingival bleeding on probing probing pocket depth clinical attachment loss scaling and root planing subgingival application 3 H2O2 "

"Studies have been reported on the association between menopause and periodontal disease related to estrogen deficiency. Although the estrogen receptor has been demonstrated on some oral tissues, the presence of estrogen receptors on periodontal pockets has not been discussed. This study was conducted to determine the difference of estrogen receptor α and β on periodontal pockets between menopausal and reproductive women. The results showed that the estrogen receptors α and β were expressed on periodontal pockets. The immunoexpression of estrogen receptor α in periodontal pocket epithelium of menopausal women was higher than that of estrogen receptor β, similarly to the reproductive women, but there was no significant difference in the immunoexpression of estrogen receptors α and β between menopausal and reproductive women. We concluded that the influence of estrogen on the periodontal pockets is more viaestrogen receptor α both on menopausal and reproductive women."

"Latar Belakang: Kerusakan jaringan periodontal terjadi karena inflamasi terhadap invasi bakteri. Human beta defensin-1 adalah peptida antimikroba dan pertahanan pertama terhadap infeksi.Tujuan Penelitian: Membandingkan kadar ekspresi HBD-1 antara kelompok periodontitis kronis, periodontitis agresif dan normalBahan dan Metode: Kadar HBD-1 dari 94 sampel CKG subjek periodontitis kronis, periodontitis agresif dan normal diukur dengan ELISAHasil: Analisis Mann-Whitney menunjukkan perbedaan kadar HBD-1 antara periodontitis kronis dengan normal (p<0,05) dan tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan (p>0,05) antara periodontitis agresif dengan normal, dan antara periodontitis kronis dengan periodontitis agresif.Kesimpulan: Kadar HBD-1 pada CKG menurun pada kondisi periodontitis kronis dan periodontitis agresif.

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Background: Periodontal disease is happened because inflammation reaction ro bacterial invasion. Human beta defensin-1 (HBD-1) is antimicroba peptide which regulate the first defense mechanism.

Objectives: To compare level of HBD-1 between chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, and normal group.

Material and Methods: Level of HBD-1 from GCF sample of chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, and normal group were assessed with ELISA.

Results: Mann-Whitney analysis show different level of HBD-1 expression between chronic periodontitis and normal (p<0,05) and there was no significant difference (p>0,05) between aggressive periodontitis and normal, and between chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis.

Conclusion: Level of HBD-1 in GCF decreased in chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis."