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"Endo-perio lesion cound occur due to the close relationship between the pulp and the periodontium. Therefore, pulpal lesion could cause a periodontium lesion. To decide on an appropriate diagnosis, a thorough and careful examination needs to be done in order to determine the right treatment. Most of the endo-perio cases should be approached with a root canal treatment because the source of the lesion is in the canal and there is a possibility of healing of the periapical and periodontal ligament without surgical intervention. A report of a healing of an endo-perio case without surgical approach will be discussed."

"The correlation between endodontic-periodontal lesion has been documented well by researches. Endodontic lesion originates from pulp, while periodontal lesion originates from periodontal tissues. Anatomically they are connected by apical foramen, lateral canal and accesories, as well as dentin tubules. The correlation appeared as the endodontic defect can be from periodontal lesion, or a periodontal defect is from a pulp tissue. Together they can emerge and form a combination lesion. Endodontic infections have been highly correlated with deeper periodontal pockets and furcation involvement in mandibular, the causal relationship between the two pathoses has not yet been established. This consensus supports the influence of degenerated or inflamed pulp that can happen on the periodintium; but not all researchers agree about the effect of periodontal disease on the pulp. Conclusion: The mechanism of endo-perio lesion need to taken care in order to have appropriate diagnostic so that the right therapy would be able to keep the teeth in the oral cavity."

"Latar Belakang: Karies gigi merupakan masalah kesehatan yang dialami setengah populasi penduduk dunia (3,58 milyar jiwa) dan penyakit gigi dengan prevalensi terbesar di Indonesia. Insidensi karies mencapai pulpa juga selalu meningkat setiap tahunnya. Perawatan saluran akar merupakan tindakan kuratif yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi hal tersebut. Menurut studi di berbagai negara, tingkat kegagalan PSA dapat mencapai 30% dengan melibatkan banyak faktor. Saat terjadi kegagalan, tindakan yang paling diutamakan untuk dilakukan adalah perawatan saluran akar ulang untuk mempertahankan gigi asli dari pasien. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai prevalensi PSA ulang di RSKGM FKG UI dengan mengidentifikasi dan mengevaluasi penyebab kegagalan PSA dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi hal tersebut untuk mencegah hal tersebut terjadi lagi di masa yang akan datang. Tujuan: Mengetahui prevalensi perawatan saluran akar ulang di Rumah Sakit Khusus Gigi dan Mulut Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia periode 2019-2021. Metode: Penelitian merupakan penelitian deskriptif dan analitik komparatif yang bersifat retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder rekam medis pasien konservasi di RSKGM FKG UI. Hasil: Dari 3503 pasien PSA di RSKGM FKG UI periode Januari 2019-Juli 2021, 181 pasien dengan kegagalan PSA memilih untuk PSA ulang dan 20 pasien lainnya dilakukan ekstraksi. Melalui analisis komparatif, terdapat perbedaan secara statistik antara etiologi kegagalan PSA dengan status penyakit periapeks pada pasien, tidak ditemukan perbedaan antara sosiodemografi, elemen gigi dan diagnosis periapeks pasien pada perawatan PSA ulang dan ekstraksi, dan terdapat perbedaan secara statistik antara etiologi kegagalan PSA dengan perawatan yang dipilih (PSA ulang dan ekstraksi). Kesimpulan: Prevalensi PSA ulang di RSKGM FKG UI adalah 5,1%. Penyebab kegagalan PSA yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah pengisian saluran akar yang kurang. Diagnosis penyakit periapeks pasca PSA, paling banyak ditemukan adalah abses periapikal. Berdasarkan sosiodemografis, pasien paling banyak didominasi oleh jenis kelamin perempuan dan kelompok usia yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah kelompok usia 50-59 tahun. PSA ulang paling banyak terjadi pada gigi molar mandibula. PSA yang inadekuat memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap penyakit periapeks, proporsi tertinggi etiologi kegagalan PSA pada tindakan PSA ulang adalah PSA inadekuat dan proporsi tertinggi etiologi kegagalan PSA pada tindakan ekstraksi adalah restorasi inadekuat

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Background: Dental caries is a serious health problem experienced by half of the world’s population (3.58 billion people) and an oral disease with the highest prevalence in Indonesia. The incidence of pulpitis is also increasing every year. Root canal treatment is taken to cure the disease. According to studies in various countries, endodontic treatment failure rate can reach to 30% involving many factors. When endodontic treatment failure occurs, the most applied action to be taken is endodontic retreatment to preserve patient’s teeth. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a research on the prevalence of endodontic retreatment at RSKGM FKG UI by discovering the causes of the failure and other factors that contributed to the failure to prevent it from happening in the future. Objectives: This study aims to determine the prevalence of endodontic retreatment at RSKGM FKG UI for the period of 2019-2021. Methods: Retrospective descriptive and comparative analytical study is done using secondary data found in patient’s medical record. Results: There were 3503 endodontic patients at RSKGM FKG UI for the period of January 2019-July 2021, 181 patients with endodontic failure chose to be treated with endodontic retreatment and another 20 patients underwent extraction. Through comparative analysis, there were statistical differences between the etiology of endodontic failure and periapical disease. No differences found between the sociodemographic and the tooth, periapical diagnoses of patients with the choices of treatment between endodontic retreatment and extraction, and there were statistical differences between the etiology of endodontic failure and the choice of treatment. Conclusion: The prevalence of endodontic retreatment at RSKGM FKG UI is 5.1%. The most common etiology of endodontic failure is underobturation. Periapical abscess is the most found diagnosis of post endodontic treatment. Based on sociodemographics, most patients are female and the age group that commonly found was 50-59 years old age group. Endodontic retreatment mostly treated on mandibular molars. the biggest proportion of etiology of failure on endodontic retreatment treatment choice is an inadequate endodontic treatment while the highest proportion of etiology of failure on extraction is inadequate restoration"

"BATAN telah membuat membran scaffold kitosan RGD cangkang kepiting SKRCK dan membran scaffold kitosan cangkang kepiting SKCK. Pembuatan SKRCK dan SKCK dalam bentuk membran bertujuan untuk mengatasi kasus one wall defect akibat periodontitis. Penambahan RGD bertujuan untuk meningkatkan perlekatan sel pada scaffold. Scaffold harus bersifat biocompatible tidak toksik. Tujuan: Menganalisis toksisitas membran SKRCK terhadap sel pulpa gigi manusia. Metode:Sel pulpa gigi manusia dikultur selama 5 hari. Setelah itu kelompok perlakuan dipapar membran SKRCK dan membran SKCK kontrol. Kemudian diinkubasi selama 24 jam. Hasil Penelitian: Nilai rerata viabilitas sel pulpa gigi manusia pada kelompok SKRCK 1mg dan 2mg adalah 315,9 dan 298,9, sedangkan pada kelompok SKCK 1mg, dan 2mg adalah 514,7 dan 520,8. Kesimpulan: SKRCK tidak toksik terhadap sel pulpa gigi manusia.Kata Kunci:kitosan cangkang kepiting, scaffold, RGD, toksisitas, sel pulpa gigi manusia

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Introduction: BATAN has made crab shells chitosan RGD scaffold membrane SKRCK and crab shells chitosan scaffold membrane SKCK. SKRCK and SKCK made in the form of a membrane aims to solve the case of one wall defects due to periodontitis. The addition of RGD aims to enhance cell attachment to the scaffold. The scaffold should be biocompatible non toxic.

Objective: To analyze the toxicity of SKRCK membrane on human dental pulp cells. Methods The human dental pulp cells were cultured for 5 days. After that the treatment group was exposed to the SKRCK membrane and membrane SKCK control. Then incubated for 24 hours.

Results: The mean viability of human dental pulp cells in group 1mg and 2mg SKRCK was 315.9 and 298.9, whereas in the group SKCK 1mg and 2mg is 514.7 and 520.8.

Conclusion: SKRCK did not give toxic effects on human dental pulp cells.Keywords crab shells chitosan, scaffold, RGD, toxicity, human dental pulp cells."

"Latar Belakang: Porositas dan kurangnya daya alir MTA yang berpengaruh pada kerapatan tepi dapat diatasi dengan teknik peletakan agitasi ultrasonik indirek. Tujuan: Menganalisis perbedaan kebocoran tepi MTA modifikasi sebagai root-end filling dengan teknik peletakan manual dan agitasi ultrasonik indirek. Metode: Empat puluh gigi premolar dipreparasi saluran akar, diisi, dan dipreparasi retrograde. MTA modifikasi diletakkan dengan teknik manual dan ultrasonik indirek. Sampel direndam dalam tinta india 3x24 jam, kebocoran mikro diamati dengan mikroskop stereo perbesaran 63x, lalu diskor. Uji statistik menggunakan Chi-Square"

"Latar belakang: xylitol adalah gula alkohol berantai karbon lima (polyol) yang banyak digunakan sebagai pemanis alami dalam bentuk permen karet untuk mencegah karies gigi. Xylitol memiliki efek antikaries karena dapat menghambat pertumbuhan S. mutans yang merupakan salah satu agen utama penyebab karies gigi, menurunkan pembentukan plak dan meningkatkan remineralisasi gigi. Pulpa gigi berperan penting bagi vitalitas gigi. Pada pulpa gigi yang terbuka, xylitol dapat berpenetrasi dan menimbulkan efek biologik pada sel. Tujuan: untuk mendeteksi efek xylitol terhadap viabilitas dan profil protein sel-sel pulpa gigi (in vitro). Metode: sel-sel pulpa gigi didapat dari gigi sehat yang baru diekstraksi, dan dikultur dalam medium kultur DMEM (37°C, 5% CO2) hingga confluent. Selanjutnya sel-sel tersebut disubkultur pada kondisi yang sama selama semalam di 24-wellplate. Setelah itu kelompok perlakuan dipaparkan xylitol dengan konsentrasi 2%, 4%, 8% dan 16%. Sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol tidak diberi xylitol. Viabilitas sel diukur dengan MTT assay. Sedangkan profil protein dianalisis dengan SDS PAGE. Hasil: rerata optical density (OD) kelompok xylitol 2% (1,784 ± 0,052), 4% (2,465 ± 0,057), 8% (2,168 ± 0,162), dan 16% (1,912 ± 0,148) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (1,566 ± 0,069). Uji statistik Oneway ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa seluruh kelompok perlakuan berbeda bermakna dengan kontrol (p<0,05). Persentase viabilitas sel diperoleh dari rerata optical density. Viabilitas sel kelompok xylitol 2% (113,92%), 4% (157,40%), 8% (138,44%), dan 16% (122,09%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (100%). Dari hasil SDS PAGE, tampak perubahan profil protein sel-sel pulpa gigi. Simpulan: terdapat peningkatan viabilitas sel dan perubahan profil protein sel-sel pulpa gigi setelah pemaparan xylitol.

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Background: xylitol is five carbon sugar alcohol (polyol) which is used as natural sweetener in chewing gum to prevent dental caries. Xylitol has anticaries effect as it can inhibit the growth of S. Mutans, one of the main etiology of dental caries, decrease plaque formation, and increase tooth remineralization. Dental pulp has an important role in dental vitality. In exposed dental pulp, xylitol can penetrate and induce biological response of the cells. Objective: to detect the effects of xylitol to cell viability and protein profile of dental pulp cells (in vitro). Method: dental pulp cells were obtained from healthy and freshly extracted teeth, and were cultured in DMEM (37°C, 5% CO2) until confluent. Subsequently, they were subcultured in same condition overnight on 24-well plate. Afterwards, the treatment groups were exposed by 2%, 4%, 8%, and 16% xylitol. Whilst, the control group was not exposed by xylitol. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Whereas, the protein profile was analized by SDS PAGE. Results: the mean of optical density of treatment group with xylitol 2% (1,784 ± 0,052), 4% (2,465 ± 0,057), 8% (2,168 ± 0,162), and 16% (1,912 ± 0,148) were higher than control group (1,566 ± 0,069). Statistical test Oneway ANOVA showed that all the treatment groups were significantly different compared with the control (p<0,05). The percentage of cell viability was obtained from the mean of optical density. The cell viability of xylitol 2% (113,92%), 4% (157,40%), 8% (138,44%), dan 16% (122,09%) were higher than control group (100%). From SDS PAGE, there was protein profile alteration. Conclusion: there was an increased of cell viability and the alteration of protein profile of dental pulp cells after treated with xylitol."

"Latar belakang: Trietylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) merupakan salah satu monomer yang terkandung dalam resin komposit. Jika polimerisasi resin komposit tidak sempurna, TEGDMA dapat terlepas ke dalam rongga mulut dalam beberapa menit hingga jam dan dapat berpenetrasi mencapai pulpa. TEGDMA dilaporkan bersifat toksik terhadap sel dan jaringan rongga mulut. Tujuan: Mengetahui efek TEGDMA terhadap sel-sel pulpa gigi ditentukan berdasarkan viabilitas dan profil protein sel pulpa (in vitro). Metode: Sel-sel pulpa berasal dari jaringan pulpa gigi sehat yang baru diekstraksi, kemudian dikultur dalam DMEM (37o C, 5% CO2) sampai confluent (± 2 malam). Selanjutnya dilakukan subkultur dengan kondisi yang sama selama 1 malam pada 24-wellplate. Kemudian pada kelompok perlakuan dipaparkan TEGDMA dengan konsentrasi 4 mM, 8 mM dan 12 mM selama 24 jam; sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol tidak dipaparkan TEGDMA. Viabilitas sel diukur dengan menggunakan MTT assay dan hasilnya dibaca dengan microplate reader (490 nm), sedangkan gambaran profil protein dideteksi dengan menggunakan SDS-PAGE dan diinterpretasikan dengan menggunakan Gel Doc. Hasil: Rerata optical density (OD) ± SD kelompok perlakuan TEGDMA 4 mM (1,71 ± 0,08); 8 mM (1,59 ± 0,11); dan 12 mM (1,50 ± 0,16) lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (1,81 ± 0,11). Uji statistik One Way ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa nilai rerata OD kelompok TEGDMA 8 mM dan 12 mM berbeda bermakna dengan kelompok kontrol (p<0.05). Profil protein sel mengalami perubahan setelah pemaparan TEGDMA. Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini viabilitas sel menurun dan terjadi perubahan profil protein sel setelah pemaparan TEGDMA.

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Background: Trietylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) is one of monomer contained in composite resin. If the polimerized was incomplete TEGDMA could bereleased into oral cavity in minutes to hours and could penetrate to the dental pulp. Itwas reported that TEGDMA has cytotoxic effects to cells and tissues in oral cavity.

Objectives: To determine the toxic effect of TEGDMA on dental pulp cells culture based on cell viability and Protein Cell Profile.

Methods: The pulp cells were isolated from the pulp tissue of the freshly extracted teeth, cultured in DMEM (37o C, 5% CO2) until confluent (± 2 nights). Afterwards, subcultured with the same condition overnight in 24-wellplate. Then, the treatment groups were treated with TEGDMA 4 mM, 8 mM, dan 12 mM for 24 hours, whereas in control group without TEGDMA exposure. The optical density of cell viability was measured by MTT assay then it was read with microplate reader in 490 nm. The protein cell profile was identified by SDS-PAGE method and analyzed by Gel Doc.

Results: Mean optical density ± SD of TEGDMA treatment group 4mM (1,71 ± 0,08), 8mM (1,59 ± 0,11), and 12 mM (1,50 ± 0,16) were lower than the control group (1,81 ± 0,11). One Way ANOVA analysis showed that TEGDMA treatment group 8 mM and 12 mM had significant differences compared with the control group (p<0,05). The protein profile of cells was altered after TEGDMA exposure.

Conclusion: In this research the cell viability was decreased and the protein profile of cells was altered after TEGDMA exposure."