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"Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is characterized by painful recurring ulceration of oral mucosa and is the most common oral ulcerative disease. The specific etiology of the disease remains unknown. This situation makes the therapy of RAS difficult and uncertain. This article will discuss the effectiveness and the safety of amlexanox 5% in relieving the symptoms and accelerate healing in RAS lesions. Amlexanox 5% is a new drug used topically in treatment of RAS. The mechanism of action by which amlexanox accelerates healing of RAS is unknown. Clinical study of efficacy amlexanox 5% has been demonstrated significantly accelerate healing and reduce pain of RAS, compared to amlexanox 1%, vehicle and no treatment. 5% amlexanox oral paste has an advantageous pharmacological activity to accelerate healing and reduce the pain of RAS, thus it can be used as one of the modality in this therapy."

"Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 215-220The purpose of this study was to disclose one of the etiopathogenesis of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) at molecular level by analyzing the expression of protein anomaly in oral mucosa. This was a cross-sectional explorative and analytic observational study. Samples, who met inclusion and exclusion criteria, were taken from total population. Samples of protein swab were obtained from oral mucosa, serum weretaken from 15 patients with major RAS, 20 patients with minor RAS and 15 were control. The characterization of protein anomaly expressed on the surface of oral mucosa epithelium was carried out using SDS-PAGE 12% and Westemblot methods. The result of oral mucosa protein anomaly expression analysis in patients with major RAS using SDS-PAGE 12% revealed five protein bands with molecular weights of 87,65, 30, 25, and 20 kDa. In minor RAS cases with protein anomaly expression there were four proteins with molecular weights of 87, 65, 25, and 20 kDa, and the protein in remission RAS had four proteins bands with molecular weight of 87, 65, 25 and 20 kDa. The band disappearances by using Westemblot test, of 30 kDa of major cases, 87 and 20 kDa of minor cases and 20 and 25 kDa of remission cases, indicated that those patients were not reacted with polyclonal antibodies of rabbit serum; therefore they had no role in the induction of RAS. ln conclusion, the antigenic protein expressed in oral mucosa of major, minor, and remission RAS was predominantly 65 kDa molecular weight."

"Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is an inflammatory condition of oral mucosa and is very common that occur in 20% of population, in which 80% of all cases are minor type. Etiology remains unknown but there are factors that can precipitate the attack, known as predisposing factors, which are haematinic deficiency, food hypersensitivity, bacterial or viral infection, hormonal changes, psychological stress, drugs and local trauma. Management of minor RAS are symptomatic and also discovering all predisposing factors which may play role in order to give the appropriate treatments to all predisposing factors. The appropriatetreatment for all predisposing factors is to prevent recurrency or reduce the severity of RAS.This paper presents 2 cases of minor RAS which have bacterial infection from poor oral hygiene; local trauma from radices, irritating tooth cusp and rough surface of calculus; haematinic deficiency; physical / psychological stress and food hypersensitivity, as predisposing factors. The management of those cases are scaling, grinding irritating cusp, giving advice of proper and healthy diet including vitamin supplementation, finding any stress factor and also overcome it. We concluded that finding and eliminating predisposing factors can reduce recurrency and severity of RAS."

"Latar belakang: Sariawan atau Stomatitis Aftosa Rekuren (SAR) merupakan keluhan ulserasi pada rongga mulut yang paling sering terjadi. SAR dapat terjadi karena beberapa faktor (multifactorial factor).Tujuan: Mengetahui faktor-faktor determinan yang mempengarahui kejadian Stomatitis Aftosa Rekuren (SAR) di Indonesia tahun 2014.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional menggunakan data sekunder dari Data IFLS 5 tahun 2014 (n=28.410). Analisi deskriptif, chi-square, dan regresi logistik dilakukan untuk melihat proporsi dan hubungan antara kejadian Stomatitis Aftosa Rekuren dengan variabel independen.Hasil: Hanya sebesar 18,39% reponden IFLS 5 mengalami kejadian Stomatitis Aftosa Rekuren di tahun 2014. Hasil bivariat (chi-square) menunjukkan ada hubungan kejadian Stomatitis Aftosa Rekuren dengan variabel independen terkait. Regresi logistik menunjukan kemungkinan kejadian Stomatitis Aftosa Rekuren yang paling signifikan pada responden berusia 18-34 tahun, perempuan, belum menikah, bertingkat pendidikan SMA, bertempat tinggal di Kota, memiliki tingkat stress yang sering, memiliki kebiasaan makanan yang sering mengkonsumsi soda, makanan manis, sambal, gorengan dan mempunyai pernyakit komorbid hipertensi, asma, paru-paru, kanker, rematik, dan pencernaan. Kesimpulan: Terdapat banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian Stomatitis Aftosa Rekuren. Hasil penelitian ini dapat berguna untuk memberikan informasi dan edukasi mengenai hubungan faktor resiko kejadian Stomatitis Aftosa Rekuren.

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Background: Recurrent Aphthous sSomatitis (RAS) is the most common complaint of ulceration in the oral cavity. RAS can occur due to several factors (multifactorial factors).

Objective: To determine the determinant factors that influence the incidence of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) in Indonesia in 2014.

Methods: This study is a descriptive study with a cross sectional design using secondary data from IFLS 5 data in 2014 (n=28,410). Descriptive analysis, chi-square, and logistik regression were performed to see the proportion and relationship between the incidence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis and the independent variables.

Results: Only 18.39% of IFLS 5 respondents experienced the incidence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis in 2014. The bivariate (chi-square) results showed that there was a relationship between the incidence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis and the related independent variables. Logistic regression showed the most significant possibility of recurrent aphthous stomatitis in respondents aged 18-34 years, female, unmarried, high school education level, living in the city, having frequent stress levels, having food habits that often consume soda, sweet foods, chili sauce, fried food and has comorbid hypertension, asthma, lung, cancer, rheumatism, and digestion.

Conclusion: There are many factors that influence the incidence of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis. The results of this study can be useful to provide information and education regarding the relationship of risk factors for the incidence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis."

"Ruang Lingkup dan Cara Penelitian: Stomatitis Aftosa Rekuren (SAR) belum diketahui dengan pasti penyebabnya. Namun ada dugaan gangguan kekebalan melalui mekanisme infeksi dan mekanisme autoimun dapat berperan dalam patogenesisnya. Ketidak-seimbangan jumlah dan proporsi pada subpopulasi limfosit, dapat menyebabkan kelainan kekebalan. Beberapa penelitian terhadap SAR dan hubungannya dengan subpopulasi limfosit tersebut telah dilaporkan, namun hasil yang ditemukam tidak saling mendukung. Keragaman hasil yang dilaporkan para peneliti tersebut, mungkin disebabkan karena para peneliti tidak menggolongkan penderita SAR berdasarkan tipe lasi, yaitu tipe minor dan tipe mayor. Keragaman hasil mungkin pula disebabkan oleh karena sebagian peneliti menggunakan darah lengkap sebagai bahan pemeriksaan. Penelitian yang dilakukan ini bertujuan untuk menetapkan adanya kelainan kekebalan seluler yang ditemukan pada penderita SAR, dengan analisis jumlah dan proporsi subpopulasi limfosit, serta dikaitkan dengan tipe lasi SAR. Pada penelitian ini digunakan sediaan limfosit yang dimurnikan untuk menetapkan proporsi setiap subpopulasi dengan bantuan flow cyrometry. Selain proporsi, jumlah absolut setiap subpopulasi limfosit ditetapkan pula. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 19 penderita SAR yang terdiri dari 12 penderita SAR tipe minor dan 7 penderita SAR tipe mayor, serta 8 orang normal sebagai kontrol. Hasil penelitian dianalisis secara statistik (uji Mann-Withney) dengan membandingkan proporsi dan jumlah absolut antara kelompok normal dengan penderita SAR dan antara kelompok SAR tipe minor dengan tipe mayor. Hasil dan kesimpulan: Pada kelompok penderita SAR ditemukan nilai yang lebih rendah daripada kelompok normal pada: jumlah absolut sel Th (P< 0.05), proporsi sel Th (P< 0.01) dan nisbahTh/Ts (P<0.01). Proporsi sel Ts pada kelompok penderita SAR lebih tinggi daripada kelompok normal (p< 0.01). Nisbah Th/Ts pada penderita SAR tipe mayor lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan penderita SAR tipe minor (P<0.0 I) dan proporsi sel Ts pada penderita SAR tipe mayor lebih tinggi daripada SAR tipe minor (P< 0.01). Dengan demikian, disimpulkan bahwa pada pendrita SAR ditemukan adanya tanda-tanda kelainan kekebalan seluler yang semakin nyata pada penderita SAR tipe mayor."

"Latar Belakang : Youtube menjadi platform Media sosial yang paling banyak digunakan di Indonesia saat ini. Namun, kualitas informasi mengenai kesehatan di Youtube masih diragukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa kualitas video berbahasa Indonesia mengenai Stomatitis Aftosa Rekuren yang tersedia di Youtube dalam kurun waktu 1 tahun terakhir. Metode: Melakukan pencarian di Youtube menggunakan kata kunci “Sariawan”. 250 video pertama diseleksi dengan kriteria eksklusi, menghasilkan jumlah video inklusi sebanyak 90 video. Mencatat tanggal video diunggah, sumber pengunggah, durasi, Views, likes,dab dislikes. Video dinilai visibilitas, popularitas, kualitas, kegunaan, dan reliabilitas oleh 1 orang penguji. Uji statistik menggunakan Uji Mann-Whitney. Hasil: Sebagian besar video diunggah oleh pengguna independen (78,8%), tenga kesehatan profesional (12,2%), tv channel (7,8%), dan organisasi profesional (2,2%). Secara keseluruhan, mayoritas video memiliki skor GQS, Usefulness, dan Discern rendah. Namun, video yang diunggah profesional memiliki kualitas yang lebih baik dibanding pengguna independen (p<0.05, Uji Mann-Whitney) . Kesimpulan: Terdapat sedikit video berbahasa Indonesia mengenai SAR di Youtube yang memiliki kualitas baik. Diperlukan adanya keterlibatan profesional untuk menigkatkan kualitas informasi kesehatan di Youtube dengan mengupload video berkualitas baik dengan merujuk serta menyertakan sumber yang reliabel.

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Background :Youtube has become the most used social media platform in Indonesia. However, the quality of information regarding health on Youtube is still questionable. This study aims to analyze the quality of Indonesian-language videos about Recurrent Aphtous Stomatitis available on Youtube within the last 1 year. Method : A systematic search of Youtube was performed using the keyword “Sariawan”. 90 videos were inluded. The date video uploaded, source, duration, views, likes, and dislikes. Videos were assssed for visibility, popularity, quality, utility, and reliability by one examiner. Results : Most of the videos were uploaded by independent users (78,8%), health professionals (12,2%), TV Channels (7,8%), and professional organizations (2,2%). Overall, the majority of th evideos had low GQS (Global Quality Score), Usefulness, and Discern scores. However, videos uploaded by professionals had a better quality, utility, and reliability than independent users (p<0,05), Mann-Whitney test. Conclusion : There are still a few videos in Indonesia-language which are of good quality. Professional involvement is needed to improve the quality of health information on Youtube by uploading good quality videos by referring and mention reliable source."

"Penatalaksanaan regimen terapeutik tidak efektif merupakan masalah keperawatan dengan karakteristik ketidakpatuhan klien melakukan regimen pengobatan dalam rutinitas sehari-hari. Ketidakpatuhan dalam pengobatan meningkatkan risiko masalah kesehatan, memperpanjang dan memperburuk kesakitan yang diderita. Terapi perilaku modeling partisipan merupakan suatu strategi meningkatkan kepatuhan dengan memodifikasi perilaku melalui role model perilaku kepatuhan dari seorang modeling. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi pengaruh terapi perilaku modeling partisipan terhadap kepatuhan minum obat pada klien penatalaksanaan regimen terapeutik tidak efektif. Jenis penelitian kuasi eksperimen pre-post test dengan kelompok kontrol, menggunakan 64 sampel (intervensi dan kontrol) dengan instrumen kuesioner kepatuhan. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan ada perbedaan signifikan kepatuhan minum obat sebelum dan setelah diberikan terapi perilaku modeling partisipan pada kelompok intervensi. Guna mencapai hasil yang optimal maka terapi perilaku modeling partisipan dapat dilanjutkan dengan terapi kelompok suportif.

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Inefective therapeutic regiment management is a nursing problem with the characteristic of disobedience in doing treatment regimen in daily activity. Disobedience in therapy raising risk of health problem, prolong and aggravate disease. The Theory of modeling bahaviour participant is a strategy to increase obedience by modifiying behaviour through a role model person.

The aim of this study was to identify the influence of modeling behavior therapy participants on medication compliance. This study was a quasi experimental research of pre-post test with control group, using 64 samples (intervention dan control) with adherence questionnaire.

The result showed there was a significantly difference of the obedience in taking madicine between before and after therapy in intervention group. To reach an optimum result a modeling behavior therapy participants can be pursued to a supportive group therapy."

"Skizofrenia adalah bentuk gangguan jiwa yang sifatnya menahun, butuh waktu lama untuk proses penyembuhannya, banyak kliennya menghentikan terapi psikofarmaka. Lamanya program pengobatan dan efek samping obat sebagai salah satu penyebab munculnya prilaku ketidakpatuhan klien terhadap program pengobatannya. Karya Ilmiah Akhir ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran manajemen kasus spesialis keperawatan jiwa pada klien dengan ketidakpatuhan minum obat melalui pendekatan konsep teori keperawatan Interpersonal Peplau dan Stress Adaptasi Stuart di ruang Dewi Amba Rumah Sakit dr. H. Marzoeki Mahdi Bogor. Terapi Penerimaan dan Komitmen diberikan kepada 17 klien dengan ketidakpatuhan minum obat, hasil yang didapatkan Terapi Penerimaan dan Komitmen efektif meningkatkan kemampuan penerimaan dan komitmen klien terhadap program terapi psikofarmaka. Terapi Penerimaan dan Komitmen direkomendasikan sebagai terapi spesialis keperawatan jiwa yang dapat diberikan pada klien gangguan jiwa dengan ketidakpatuhan minum obat.

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Schizophrenia is a form of chronic mental disorders, It took a long time for the healing process, many of the clients stop taking their drugs. The duration of treatment programs and drug side effects as one cause for non-compliance with the client's treatment program. The purpose of this scientific paper was to describe the nursing case management of the clients medication non-compliance behavior using Interpersonal Peplau and Stress Adaptation Stuart Theories at Dewi Amba nursing ward of Dr. H. Marzoeki Mahdi Hospital, Bogor. Acceptance and commitment therapy were conduct 17 clients. The results obtained Acceptance and Commitment Therapy effectively improve client acceptance and commitment to the medication program therapy. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy is recommended as therapy nursing specialists, provided to the client with a mental disorder clients who have a problem on medication noncompliance."

"Hiperlipidemia merupakan kelainan metabolisme lipid dan salah satu penyakit kronis yang sering dialami oleh masyarakat Indonesia dengan prevalensi 72,8%. Selain hiperlipidemia, gout adalah penyakit kronis yang sering dijumpai di Indonesia. Pasien dengan penyakit kronis terutama penyakit yang menimbulkan nyeri, umumnya harus mengkonsumsi obat dalam jangka panjang dan termasuk dalam kategori obat keras yang dapat diperoleh melalui resep dokter. Oleh karena itu, salah satu peran apoteker adalah melakukan pengkajian resep untuk memastikan pasien mendapatkan pengobatan yang tepat dan rasional serta menghindari terjadinya kesalahan dalam pelayanan kefarmasian dan medication error. Berdasarkan hasil pengkajian resep yang masuk di Apotek Roxy Ciledug mengenai terapi OAINS dan pengaruh OAINS terhadap penyakit hiperlipidemia dan gout, pada kajian administratif, resep memenuhi hampir semua aspek administratif, kecuali SIP dokter, alamat praktik dokter, dan nomor telepon dokter. Pada kajian farmasetik, resep memenuhi seluruh aspek dan persyaratan farmasetik. Pada kajian pertimbangan klinis, resep hampir memenuhi kriteria, namun terdapat masalah terkait obat, yaitu pemilihan dosis dan pemilihan obat yang dapat menyebabkan peningkatan risiko efek samping, yaitu terdapat interaksi mayor antara meloxicam dengan methylprednisolone dan pemilihan dosis meloxicam yang melebihi dosis maksimal per hari.

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Hyperlipidemia is a disorder of lipid metabolism and one of the chronic diseases often experienced by Indonesians with a prevalence of 72.8%. In addition to hyperlipidemia, gout is a chronic disease that is often found in Indonesia. Patients with chronic diseases, especially diseases that cause pain, generally have to take drugs in the long term and are included in the category of hard drugs that can be obtained through a doctor's prescription. Therefore, one of the roles of pharmacists is to review prescriptions to ensure that patients receive appropriate and rational treatment and avoid errors in pharmaceutical services and medication errors. Based on the results of the review of incoming prescriptions at Roxy Ciledug Pharmacy regarding NSAID therapy and the effect of NSAIDs on hyperlipidemia and gout, in the administrative review, the prescription fulfilled almost all administrative aspects, except for the doctor's SIP, doctor's practice address, and doctor's telephone number. In the pharmaceutical review, the prescription fulfilled all pharmaceutical aspects and requirements. In the clinical consideration review, the prescription almost met the criteria, but there were drug-related problems, namely dose selection and drug selection that could lead to an increased risk of side effects, namely there was a major interaction between meloxicam and methylprednisolone and meloxicam dose selection that exceeded the maximum dose per day.

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"Tuberkulosis merupakan salah satu penyakit yang memiliki durasi pengobatan lama dan harus selalu dipantau kepatuhan konsumsi obatnya. Kesalahan dalam pengobatan sering terjadi pada terapi pasien antituberkulosis terutama pada kesalahan dosis. Upaya pencegahan yang dapat dilakukan seorang Apoteker agar kesalahan dalam pengobatan dapat dihindari ialah dengan melakukan pelayanan farmasi klinik berupa pengkajian resep. Analisis dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif berdasarkan literatur dan bersifat observasional dengan pengambilan sampel secara retrospektif. Sampel ialah pasien Apotek Roxy Ciledug dengan resep obat antituberkulosis yang tercantum lebih dari satu (2-3 kombinasi obat) dengan aturan pakai yang tertera dengan jelas periode Juli 2022. Hasil pengkajian resep menunjukkan bahwa aspek farmasetik resep tercantum dengan lengkap namun aspek klinis masih membutuhkan data berat badan untuk analisis dosis OAT yang lebih akurat. Selanjutnya diketahui bahwa pasien tergolong dalam pengobatan TB tahap intensif kategori 1 tanpa konsumsi Pirazinamid. Hal ini mungkin terjadi akibat efek samping Pirazinamid pada pasien yaitu sifat hepatotoksik atau adanya kondisi khusus pada pasien seperti pascabedah atau faktor khusus lainnya.

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Tuberculosis is a disease that has a long treatment duration and its compliance must be monitored. Medication errors often occur in antituberculosis patient therapy, especially dosage errors. Preventive measures that an apothecary can take so that the medication errors can be avoided are by carrying out clinical pharmacy services in the form of reviewing prescriptions. The analysis was carried out using qualitative methods based on literature and was observational with retrospective sampling. The sample is Roxy Ciledug Pharmacy patients with more than one prescription for anti-tuberculosis drugs (2-3 drug combinations) with clearly stated usage instructions for the period July 2022. The results of the prescription review show that the pharmaceutical aspect of the prescription is listed completely but the clinical aspect still requires data body weight for a more accurate OAT dose analysis. Furthermore, it was discovered that the patient was classified as being in the intensive stage of TB treatment category 1 without consuming pyrazinamide. This may occur due to side effects of pyrazinamide in patients, namely hepatotoxic properties or the presence of special conditions in patients such as post-surgery or other special factors."