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"Prosthodontic treatment for cleft palate and lip patient is generally done to restore the structural defect caused by early cleft operations. The treatment in adults are more difficult due to patient's psychological problems. This case report presents a rehabilitation by making a modified removable partial denture with a continued psychological approaches. A hole was created on the upper denture base and denture was arranged lateral to the remaining teeth. Denture flange was also modified to create a better profile of the patient."

"Ectodermal dysplasia is a rare congenital disease that effects several ectodermal structures. This disease is usually tranmitted as an x-linked recesive trait in which the gene is carried by female and manifested in male. The orofacial characteristics of ectodermal dysplasia include anodontia or hypodontia, congenital teeth, underdevelopment of alveolar ridges and it is not uncommon for the face of an affected child to take on the appearance characteristic of old age, a prominent forehead, protuberant lips, a depressed nasal bridge, hypotricosis, and hypohidrosis. The treatment to manage orofacial disfigurement may afford the pasient some measure of confidence, esthetics, function and speech. This case report describes the diagnosis and treatment of ectodermal dysplasia in an 18 year patient. The treatment included removable complete dentures."

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Latar Belakang: Celah bibir dan palatum merupakan kelainan kongenital yang paling sering terjadi pada regio orofasial. Pasien celah bibir dan palatum menunjukkan sejumlah permasalahan seperti defek tulang alveolar yang lebar, kehilangan gigi kongenital, supernumerary teeth, hipoplasia dan gigi impaks. Autologous alveolar bone grafting dianggap sebagai perawatan gold standard untuk rekonstruksi tulang alveolar dengan menggunakan tulang kanselus dari puncak ilium anterior. Namun, pengambilan tulang ilium bersifat invasif dan memiliki potensi terjadinya komplikasi. Mengingat hal tersebut, teknik rekayasa jaringan yang memanfaatkan scaffolds, faktor pertumbuhan, dan sel punca dipertimbangkan sebagai pilihan perawatan yang baru. Sel punca mesenkim bisa didapatkan dari jaringan pulpa, yang disebut dengan sel punca pulpa gigi sulung atau stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) dan sel punca pulpa gigi permanen atau dental pulp stem cells (DPSC). Salah satu kriteria yang harus dimiliki sel punca mesenkim adalah mengekspresikan surface marker CD73, CD90, dan CD105. Pada pasien normal, penelitian yang membandingkan karakteristik antara SHED dan DPSC telah membuktikan bahwa keduanya merupakan sel punca mesenkim dengan mengekspresikan surface markersesuai dengan kriteria. Namun, pada pasien celah bibir dan palatum belum banyak diteliti. Tujuan: Menganalisis perbedaan persentase sel yang mengekspresikan surface marker (CD73, CD90, dan CD105) pada SHED dan DPSC pasien celah bibir dan palatum. Metode: Sel punca pulpa gigi sulung dan gigi permanen diisolasi dari jaringan pulpa pasien celah bibir dan palatum. Persentase sel yang mengekspresikan surface marker (CD73, CD90, dan CD105) dianalisis dengan uji flow cytometry. Hasil: Analisis flow cytometry menunjukkan bahwa baik SHED maupun DPSC mengekspresikan masing-masing surface marker dalam persentase yang tinggi (>90%). Setelah dilakukan uji Independent T-test untuk membandingkan ekspresi masing-masing surface markerpada kedua grup, didapatkan hasil >0,05. Kesimpulan:  Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara ekspresi masing-masing surface marker pada SHED dan DPSC pasien celah bibir dan palatum.

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Background: Cleft lip and palate is the most common congenital anomaly in the orofacial region. Cleft lip and palate patients present with a number of complaints such as wide alveolar bone defects, congenitally missing teeth, supernumerary teeth, hypoplastic dan impacted teeth. Autologous bone grafting is considered to be the gold standard for alveolar bone reconstruction using the cancellous bone harvested from the anterior iliac crest. However, the procedure is invasive and carries a risk of complications. Bearing all that in mind, tissue engineering that utilizes scaffolds, growth factors, and stem cells arises as a new therapeutic option. Mesenchymal stem cells can be obtained from dental pulp, which are called stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSC). One of the criterias to define mesenchymal stem cells is the expression of surface markers CD73, CD90, and CD105. In normal patients, both SHED and DPSC have been known to express those surface markers. However, the expression of CD73, CD90, and CD105 in SHED and DPSC from cleft lip and palate patients has not been fully explored. Objective: To analyze the difference in the percentage of cells that express CD73, CD90, and CD105 in SHED and DPSC from cleft lip and palate patients. Methods: SHED and DPSC were isolated from dental pulp. The expression of surface markers were analyzed with flow cytometry. Results: Flow cytometry analysis showed that SHED and DPSC from cleft lip and palate patients highly express (>90%) surface markers that are associated with mesenchymal stem cells such as CD73, CD90, and CD105. The Independent T-Test was then performed to see a comparison between the expression of each surface marker in both groups and the value was >0.05. Conclusions: There is no significant difference between the percentage of cells that express each surface marker in SHED and DPSC from cleft lip and palate patients.

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"Latar Belakang : DPSC dan SHED merupakan sumber sel stromal yang dapat digunakan untuk rekayasa jaringan sebagai alternatif perawatan pasien dengan CLP. Penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan ekspresi gen Homeobox pada DPSC pasien dengan CLP dibandingkan subjek normal. Gen Homeobox merupakan sekelompok gen yang mengkodekan serangkaian domain protein yang berperan dalam proses awal perkembangan dan diferensiasi sel saat embriogenesis. Dalam kelompok homeobox ini, terdapat gen SHOX yang berperan dalam pembentukan kerangka tulang pada tahap embriogenesis. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memvalidasi perbedaan ekspresi gen pada kelompok sampel DPSC dan SHED subjek normal dan pasien CLP. Tujuan : Melakukan evaluasi karakteristik sel pada sampel DPSC subjek normal dengan pasien CLP; DPSC dengan SHED pasien CLP. Metode : Menggunakan template RNA dari 3 kelompok sampel yaitu DPSC subjek normal, DPSC pasien CLP, dan SHED pasien CLP. Lalu, sintesis cDNA dan dilakukan metode RT-qPCR untuk melihat ekspresi gen SHOX dari setiap kelompok sampel. Hasil : Tidak terdapat perbedaan ekspresi gen SHOX pada perbandingan kelompok sampel DPSC normal dengan pasien CLP, dan kelompok DPSC CLP dengan SHED CLP. Kesimpulan : DPSC dan SHED subjek normal dan pasien CLP memiliki karakteristik gen SHOX yang sama.

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Background : DPSC and SHED are the sources for tissue engineering as an alternative treatment for patients with CLP. Previous studies showing expression of homeobox genes in DPSC of normal compared to CLP patients. Homeobox genes encode a series of protein domains that is involved in the process of development and cell differentiation. There is a SHOX gene involved in the bone skeleton formation during embryogenesis. This study was conducted to validate the differences in gene expression between the sample groups of DPSC and SHED of normal and CLP subjects. Objective : To evaluate the cell characteristics in sample groups of DPSC in normal and CLP subjects; DPSC and SHED in CLP subjects. Methods : Using RNA template of 3 sample groups, namely DPSC of normal subjects, DPSC of CLP subjects. cDNA was synthesized and the RT-qPCR method was used to see the SHOX gene expression of each group. Result : There was no differences in SHOX gene expression in the comparison of DPSC normal with CLP patients, and the DPSC and SHED in subjects with CLP. Conclusion : DPSC and SHED in normal subjects and CLP patients have the same characteristics of SHOX gene."

"Latar Belakang : Sel stromal yang dapat digunakan untuk regenerasi pada defek tulang diantaranya adalah Dental Pulp Stromal Cells (DPSC) dan Stromal Cells from Human Exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). Pada penelitian yang sudah ada, ditemukan bahwa terdapat differentially expressed genes (DEGs) pada beberapa gen homeobox salah satunya gen CUX1 yang mengalami penurunan ekspresi pada pasien celah bibir dan palatum dibandingkan subjek normal. Gen CUX1 atau Cut-like-homeobox 1 merupakan faktor transkripsi yang berperan dalam kontrol proliferasi dan diferensiasi. Validasi DEGs perlu dilakukan untuk memahami bagaimana gen diekspresikan dalam subjek yang sehat dan sakit serta dapat digunakan untuk memperoleh wawasan mengenai suatu penyakit. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini ditujukan untuk memvalidasi gen homeobox CUX1 sehingga dapat mengetahui karakteristiknya pada sel DPSC dan SHED pada pasien celah bibir dan palatum serta membandingkannya dengan DPSC subjek normal. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi karakteristik sel stromal gigi permanen (DPSC) dan sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung (SHED) pasien celah bibir dan palatum dan pasien normal melalui ekspresi gen homeobox CUX1. Metode: Sampel RNA DPSC subjek normal, DPSC CLP, SHED CLP diperoleh dari bahan biologis tersimpan Laboratorium Biologi Oral Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji ekspresi gen CUX1 dengan quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Hasil : Tidak terdapat perbedaan ekspresi gen CUX1, baik antara DPSC subjek normal dengan DPSC CLP (p = 0,839) dan antara DPSC CLP dengan SHED CLP (p = 0,411). Kesimpulan: Tidak ada perbedaan karakteristik sel stromal pulpa gigi permanen dan gigi sulung pada subjek normal dengan subjek celah bibir dan palatum melalui ekspresi gen homeobox CUX1 sehingga dapat digunakan untuk perawatan rekayasa jaringan menggantikan autologous bone graft.

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Background : Stromal cells that can be used to regenerate bone defects include Dental Pulp Stromal Cells (DPSC) and Stromal Cells from Human Exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). In existing studies, it was found that there are differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in several homeobox genes, one of which is the CUX1 gene, which has decreased expression in cleft lip and palate patients compared to normal subjects. The CUX1 or Cut-like-homeobox 1 gene is a transcription factor that plays a role in the control of proliferation and differentiation. It is necessary to validate DEGs to understand how genes are expressed in healthy and diseased subjects and can be used to gain insight into a disease. Therefore, this study aimed to validate the homeobox gene CUX1 to determine its characteristics on DPSC and SHED in cleft lip and palate patients and compare them with DPSC from normal subjects. Objective : To evaluate the characteristics of Dental Pulp Stromal Cells (DPSC) and Stromal Cells from Human Exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) in cleft lip and palate and normal subject through the expression of the CUX1 homeobox gene. Methods : RNA samples from normal subject’s DPSC, cleft lip and palate subject’s DPSC and cleft lip and palate subject’s SHED were obtained from stored biological material in the Oral Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia. Then, the CUX1 gene expression test was performed using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Result : There was no difference in CUX1 gene expression, both between DPSC in normal subjects and DPSC in cleft lip and palate subjects (p = 0.839) and between DPSC in cleft lip and palate subjects and SHED in cleft lip and palate subjects (p = 0.411). Conclusion : There were no differences in the characteristics of the dental pulp stromal cells and Stromal Cells from Human Exfoliated deciduous teeth between normal subjects and cleft lip and palate subjects through the expression of the CUX1 homeobox gene so that it can be used for tissue engineering treatment to replace autologous bone graft."

"Latar Belakang: Celah bibir dan palatum merupakan salah satu kelainan bawaan yang menyebabkan defek jaringan keras sehingga dikembangkan perawatan rekonstruksi tulang berbasis teknik rekayasa jaringan sebagai alternatif perawatan. Sumber sel stromal mesenkim dapat diperoleh dari pulpa gigi sulung dan gigi permanen. Kemampuan diferensiasi osteogenik sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung dan gigi permanen sudah banyak dilaporkan. Pada pasien celah bibir dan palatum, terdapat gen-gen yang diekspresikan berbeda dan kemampuan diferensiasi osteogenik sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung dan gigi permanen pasien celah bibir dan palatum belum diketahui. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi perbandingan kemampuan diferensiasi osteogenik sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung dan gigi permanen pasien celah bibir dan palatum melalui deposisi kalsium. Metode: Sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung dan gigi permanen pasien celah bibir dan palatum dikultur menggunakan medium osteogenik selama 21 hari kemudian dilakukan pewarnaan Alizarin Red dan kuantifikasi terhadap deposisi kalsium. Hasil: Sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung dan gigi permanen yang dikultur menggunakan medium osteogenik menunjukkan adanya deposisi kalsium yang tinggi. Sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung dan gigi permanen tidak menunjukkan perbedaan nilai rerata absorbansi, intensitas pewarnaan, dan area pewarnaan yang bermakna secara statistik (p ≥ 0,05). Kesimpulan: Sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung pasien celah bibir dan palatum memiliki kemampuan diferensiasi osteogenik yang ekuivalen dengan sel stromal pulpa gigi permanen pasien celah bibir dan palatum.

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Background: Cleft lip and palate is one of the most common congenital anomalies resulting in hard tissue defects therefore tissue engineering is currently developed as an alternative treatment. The source of mesenchymal stromal cells can be obtained from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) and dental pulp (DPSCs). Osteogenic differentiation abilities of SHED and DPSCs have been widely studied. In cleft lip and palate patients, there are several differentially expressed genes and the osteogenic differentiation abilities of SHED and DPSCs in cleft lip and palate patients have not yet been known. Purpose: To compare the osteogenic differentiation abilities of SHED and DPSCs in cleft lip and palate patients by calcium deposition. Methods: SHED and DPSCs isolated from cleft lip and palate patients were cultured using osteogenic medium for 21 days then added Alizarin Red staining and the calcium deposition were quantified. Result: Both SHED and DPSCs that cultured in osteogenic medium demonstrated high calcium deposition. SHED and DPSCs did not show any statistically significant differences in the average absorbance values, staining intensity, and staining areas (p ≥ 0,05). Conclusion: SHED and DPSCs in cleft lip and palate patients have equivalent ability of osteogenic differentiation by calcium deposition."

"Latar Belakang: Rekayasa jaringan merupakan alternatif untuk perawatan rekonstruksi tulang alveolar pasien celah bibir dan palatum. Alternatif tersebut menghubungkan penggunaan sel punca, biomaterial/scaffolds, dan molekul sinyal. Sumber sel yang ideal untuk rekayasa jaringan adalah sel autologous karena tidak bersifat immunogenik. Sel stromal pulpa gigi permanen (DPSC) menarik untuk terapi klinis karena akses perolehannya yang mudah, morbiditas yang sangat rendah, menunjukkan kapasitas imunoregulasi yang menguntungkan, dan dapat berdiferensiasi menjadi banyak tipe sel, termasuk osteoblas. Pada penelitian sebelumnya, DPSCs pasien celah bibir dan palatum ditemukan memiliki potensi kemampuan osteogenik. Namun, kemampuan diferensiasi osteogeniknya belum diketahui. Kemampuan diferensiasi osteogenik tersebut dapat diamati dari ekspresi marker osteogenik, salah satunya sclerostin yang diekspresikan pada tahap akhir diferensiasi osteoblas. Tujuan: Membandingkan kemampuan diferensiasi osteogenik DPSCs pasien celah bibir dan palatum dengan DPSCs subjek normal melalui pengamatan ekspresi gen sclerostin. Metode: DPSCs dikultur hingga mencapai 70%-80% confluent. Sampel RNA dari sel diperoleh dengan melakukan prosedur ekstraksi RNA. Ekspresi gen sclerostin diamati menggunakan Real-Time PCR menggunakan primer sclerostin dan 18s sebagai housekeeping gene. Hasil: DPSCs pasien celah bibir dan palatum memiliki nilai rata-rata ekspresi relatif gen sclerostin yang lebih tinggi 1,9 kali lipat dibandingkan dengan DPSCs subjek normal dan secara statistik berbeda bermakna dengan p = 0,013. Kesimpulan: DPSCs pada pasien celah bibir dan palatum mengekspresikan gen sclerostin sebagai marker diferensiasi osteogenik yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan DPSCs pada subjek normal secara in vitro.

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Background: Tissue engineering is an alternative for alveolar bone reconstruction treatment in cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients. The alternative links the use of stem cells, biomaterials/scaffolds, and signaling molecules. The ideal cell source for tissue engineering is autologous cells because they are not immunogenic. Dental pulp stromal cells (DPSC) are interesting for clinical therapy because of their easy accesses, very low morbidity, exhibit favorable immunoregulatory capacities, and can differentiate into many cell types, including osteoblasts. In a previous study, DPSCs in CLP patients were found to have a potential osteogenic ability. However, its osteogenic differentiation ability is not yet known. The ability of osteogenic differentiation can be observed from the expression of osteogenic markers, one of which is sclerostin, a marker that is expressed in the final stage of osteoblast differentiation. Objective: To compare osteogenic differentiation ability of DPSCs in CLP patients with DPSCs in normal subjects through the expression of sclerostin gene. Methods: DPSCs were cultured to reach 70%-80% confluent. RNA samples from cells were obtained by carrying out RNA extraction procedure. Sclerostin gene expression was assessed using Real-Time PCR using sclerostin primer and 18s as a housekeeping gene. Results: DPSCs from CLP patients have mean relative expression of sclerostin gene 1.9 times higher compared to DPSCs in normal subjects and it is statistically different with p = 0.013. Conclusions: DPSCs in CLP patients express the sclerostin gene as marker of osteogenic differentiation higher than DPSCs in normal subjects in vitro."

"Latar Belakang: Pengembangan teknologi rekayasa jaringan sebagai terapi CLP berpotensi untuk menggantikan terapi autologous bone graft. Rekayasa jaringan terdiri dari tiga komponen yang dikenal sebagai triad rekayasa jaringan, yaitu sumber sel punca, biodegradable scaffold, dan faktor pertumbuhan. DPSC merupakan salah satu sumber sel punca yang diketahui efektif dalam memperbaiki defek CLP dengan metode isolasi sel yang relatif lebih mudah, tidak invasif, dan efek samping minimal. Pada penelitian sebelumnya DPSC yang diisolasi dari pasien CLP menunjukkan ekspresi gen IGF-1 yang berlebih. Faktor pertumbuhan tersebut diketahui berperan dalam proliferasi dan diferensiasi sel, namun ekspresi berlebih IGF-1 pada DPSC pasien CLP tidak diikuti oleh peningkatan kemampuan proliferasi dan diferensiasinya. Dalam sistem sirkulasi, IGF-1 berikatan dengan IGFBP-3 yang dapat memperpanjang waktu paruhnya. IGFBP-3 memiliki afinitas yang lebih tinggi terhadap IGF-1 dibanding dengan IGF-1R, sehingga dapat meregulasi dan menghambat peran IGF-1. Fungsi IGF-1 dijalankan dengan berikatan dengan IGF-1R untuk mengaktifkan jalur pensinyalan hilir, salah satunya adalah jalur MAPK/ERK1/2. ERK1 dan ERK2 diketahui meregulasi fungsi proliferasi dan diferensiasi sel, namun belum diketahui secara pasti bagaimana ekspresi gen ERK1 dan ERK2 pada DPSC subjek normal dan CLP. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh anti IGF-1R dan IGFBP-3 terhadap ekspresi gen ERK1 dan ERK2 pada DPSC subjek normal dan CLP.Metode: Sampel RNA DPSC pasien normal (n=4) dan CLP (n=3) sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan anti IGF-1R atau IGFBP-3 diperoleh dari bahan biologis tersimpan di Laboratorium Biologi Oral Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia. Dilakukan analisis ekspresi relatif gen ERK1, ERK2, dan GAPDH sebagai housekeeping gene dengan two-step Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR)Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan ekspresi gen ERK1 dan ERK2 pada DPSC pasien CLP dibanding pasien normal, baik pada perlakuan anti IGF-1R maupun IGFBP-3. Kesimpulan: Inhibisi IGF-1 dengan anti IGF-1R dan IGFBP-3 tidak memengaruhi ekspresi gen ERK1 dan ERK2.

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Background: The development of tissue engineering as a therapy for CLP have potential to replace the current autologous bone graft that is considered not ideal in repairing the bone defect in CLP patients. Tissue engineering consists of three parts known as the tissue engineering triad: stem cell source, biodegradable scaffold, and growth factors. DPSC is one such stem cell source that is known to effectively repair CLP defects with a relatively easy cell isolation, less invasive, and minimal patient compromise. Recent studies have found that DPSC isolated from CLP patients display a higher expression of IGF-1 gene expression. IGF-1 is known for its role in cell proliferation and differentiation, however the overexpression of IGF-1 gene in CLP patient’s DPSC is not followed by the increase of proliferation and differentiation capability. In the circulation system, IGF-1 binds to IGFBP-3 to extend its half time in the system. IGFBP-3 displays a higher affinity towards IGF-1 than IGF-1R, thus acting as a regulator and inhibitor to IGF-1 activity. IGF-1 functions by binding with IGF-1R and activating the downstream signalling pathway. One such pathway is the MAPK/ERK1/2 signalling pathway. ERK1 and ERK2 are both known for its role in regulating the proliferation and differentiation function in cells, but the exact gene expression characteristics in both normal and CLP subject’s DPSC are not known. Objective: To analyze the effect of anti IGF-1R and IGFBP-3 to ERK1 and ERK2’s gene expression in normal and CLP subject’s DPSC. Methods: RNA samples of DPSC of normal (n=4) and CLP subjects (n=3) before and after treated with anti IGF-1R and IGFBP-3 were obtained from the Oral Biology Laboratory of Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Indonesia. Relative gene expression of ERK1, ERK2, and GAPDH as the housekeeping gene were analyzed using two-step Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR) Results: There was no difference in both ERK1 and ERK2 gene expression between normal and CLP subject following anti IGF-1R or IGFBP-3 treatment. Conclusion: anti IGF-1R and IGFBP-3 treatment did not influence ERK1 and ERK2 gene expression"

"Latar Belakang: Gen Homeobox adalah gen pengatur perkembangan antara lain morfogenesis sel dengan menyandikan faktor transkripsi pada tahap awal embriogenesis dan diferensiasi sel. Gen EN1 adalah gen Homeobox yang berperan dalam proses pembentukan tulang. Penelitian terbaru menunjukkan bahwa gen EN1 mengalami overexpression signifikan pada sel stromal pulpa gigi permanen pasien celah bibir dan palatum. Namun, pengaruh gen EN1 pada karakteristik sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung dan permanen subjek normal dan pasien celah bibir dan palatum belum diketahui secara pasti. Tujuan: Melakukan verifikasi karakteristik sel stromal gigi permanen pasien celah bibir dan palatum dan subjek normal serta sel stromal gigi sulung pasien celah bibir dan palatum melalui ekspresi gen EN1. Metode: Sampel RNA DPSC subjek normal (n=2), DPSC CLP (n=2), SHED CLP (n=2) diperoleh dari bahan biologis tersimpan Laboratorum Oral Biologi Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia. Kemudian, dilakukan sintesis cDNA dan standarisasi konsentrasi sampel hasil sintesis cDNA. Selanjutnya, ekspresi gen EN1 dan gen referensi GAPDH diuji dengan quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna ekspresi gen EN1, antara DPSC subjek normal dengan DPSC CLP (p≥0,05) sedangkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna ekspresi gen EN1 antara sel DPSC CLP dengan sel SHED CLP (p≤,05). Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan karakteristik sel stromal pulpa gigi permanen antara subjek normal dan pasien celah bibir dan palatum, sedangkan terdapat perbedaan antara sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung dan sel stromal pulpa gigi permanen pada pasien celah bibir dan palatum.

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Background: Homeobox gene is a group of master regulatory developmental genes which are responsible for encode transcription factor in the early phase of embryogenesis and for cell differentiation. EN1 gene is a Homeobox gene that has a role in bone formation. The latest research discovered that EN1 gene was significantly overexpressed in Permanent Teeth’s Stromal Cell of Cleft Lip and Palate Subjects. However, the effect of EN1 gene on the characteristics of Permanent and Deciduous Teeth’s Stromal Cell of Normal Subjects and Cleft Lip and Palate Subjects still remain unknown. Objective: To Verify on the characteristic of the Permanent Teeth’s Stromal Cell between Cleft Lip and Palate Patients and Normal Subjects as well as the characteristic between the Permanent Teeth’s Stromal Cell of Cleft Lip and Palate Patients and Deciduous Teeth’s Stromal Cell of Cleft Lip and palate Patients. Methods: DPSC of normal subjects’ RNA sample (n=2), DPSC of CLP Patient’s RNA sample (n=2), SHED of CLP Patients’ RNA sample (n=2) obtained from Archived Biological Materials in Laboratorium. Subsequently, synthesis the RNA sample into cDNA sample and standardize the cDNA concentration sample. Afterwards, perform RT-PCR assay to validate EN1 and GAPDH reference gene expression. Results: No statistically significant difference of the EN1 gene expression between the Permanent Teeth’s Stromal Cell between Cleft Lip and Palate Patients and Normal Subjects (p≥0,05) and there is statistically significant difference of the EN1 gene expression between the Permanent Teeth’s Stromal Cell of Cleft Lip and Palate Patients and Deciduous Teeth’s Stromal Cell of Cleft Lip and palate Patients. (p ≤05) Conclusion: There is no characteristic difference between the Permanent Teeth’s Pulp Stromal Cell between Cleft Lip and Palate Patients and Normal Subjects, Meanwhile There is characteristic difference between the Deciduous Teeth’s Pulp Stromal Cell of Cleft Lip and Palate Patients and the Permanent Teeth’s Pulp Stromal Cell of Cleft Lip and Palate Patients."

"Latar Belakang: Rekayasa jaringan merupakan perawatan alternatif autologous bone graft pada rekonstruksi tulang alveolar pasien celah bibir dan palatum (CLP). Potensi klonogenik dan proliferatif yang baik serta kemudahan aksesibilitas membuat sel stromal pulpa gigi permanen (DPSC) dan gigi sulung (SHED) menjadi sel yang ideal untuk rekonstruksi tulang alveolar. Gen HOXC9 merupakan gen homeobox di bawah famili Hox, yang mengatur pola perkembangan skeletal. Penelitian terbaru menyatakan gen Hox tetap terekspresikan saat dewasa dan ditemukan dalam regenerasi jaringan. Namun, karakteristik ekspresi gen HOXC9 pada DPSC dan SHED subjek normal dan pasien celah bibir dan palatum belum diketahui secara pasti. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi karakteristik DPSC dan SHED subjek normal dan pasien CLP melalui ekspresi gen HOXC9. Metode: Sampel RNA DPSC subjek normal (n=2), DPSC CLP (n=3), SHED CLP (n=2) diperoleh dari bahan biologis tersimpan Laboratorium Oral Biologi Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia. Selanjutnya ekspresi gen HOXC9 dan housekeeping gene GAPDH diuji dengan two step Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR). Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan ekspresi gen HOXC9, baik antara DPSC subjek normal dengan DPSC CLP (p>0,05) ataupun DPSC CLP dengan SHED CLP (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: Sel stromal pulpa gigi permanen dan gigi sulung subjek normal dan pasien celah bibir dan palatum memiliki karakteristik yang sama melalui ekspresi gen HOXC9.

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Background: Tissue engineering is an alternative treatment of autologous bone graft in alveolar bone reconstruction for cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients. The clonogenic and proliferative capacity as well as the ease of accessibility make DPSC and SHED ideal cells for alveolar bone reconstruction. HOXC9 is a homeobox gene under the Hox family, which regulates the development of skeletal patterns. Recent research suggests that the Hox gene remains expressed in adulthood and is found in tissue regeneration. However, the characteristics of HOXC9 gene expression in DPSC and SHED of normal subjects and cleft lip and palate patients are unknown. Objective: To evaluate the characteristics of DPSC and SHED in normal subjects and CLP patients through HOXC9 gene expression. Methods: RNA samples from DPSC of normal subjects (n=2), DPSC of CLP patients (n=3), SHED of CLP patients (n=2) were obtained from the Laboratory of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia. HOXC9 gene expression and housekeeping gene GAPDH were tested by two-step Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR). Results: There was no difference in HOXC9 gene expression, either between DPSC of normal subjects and DPSC of CLP patients (p>0.05) or DPSC and SHED of CLP patients (p>0.05). Conclusion: DPSC and SHED of normal subjects and cleft lip and palate patients have the same characteristic through HOXC9 gene expression."